On buildfarm member cockatiel, that library is in /usr/bin.
(Possibly we should look at $PATH on this platform?)
Per off-list report from Andrew Dunstan.

Per discussion with Andrew Dunstan, it seems there are three peculiarities
of the Python installation on MinGW (or at least, of the instance on
buildfarm member frogmouth).  First, the library name doesn't contain
"2.7" but just "27".  It looks like we can deal with that by consulting
get_config_vars('VERSION') to see whether a dot should be used or not.
Second, the library might be in c:/Windows/System32, analogously to it
possibly being in /usr/lib on Unix-oid platforms.  Third, it's apparently
not standard to use the prefix "lib" on the file name.  This patch will
accept files with or without "lib", but the first part of that may well
be dead code.

Most Unix-oid platforms provide a symlink "libfoo.so" -> "libfoo.so.n.n"
to allow the linker to resolve a reference "-lfoo" to a version-numbered
shared library.  OpenBSD has apparently hacked ld(1) to do this internally,
because there are no such symlinks to be found in their library
directories.  Tweak the new code in PGAC_CHECK_PYTHON_EMBED_SETUP to cope.
Per buildfarm member curculio.

Debian does it that way, for no doubt what seems to them a good reason.
Thanks to Aidan Van Dyk for confirmation.

Older versions of Python produce garbage (or at least useless) values of
get_config_vars('LDLIBRARY').  Newer versions produce garbage (or at least
useless) values of get_config_vars('SO'), which was defeating our configure
logic that attempted to identify where the Python shlib really is.  The net
result, at least with a stock Python 3.5 installation on macOS, was that
we were linking against a static library in the mistaken belief that it was
a shared library.  This managed to work, if you count statically absorbing
libpython into plpython.so as working.  But it no longer works as of commit
d51924be, because now we get separate static copies of libpython in
plpython.so and hstore_plpython.so, and those can't interoperate on the
same data.  There are some other infelicities like assuming that nobody
ever installs a private version of Python on a macOS machine.

Hence, forget about looking in $python_configdir for the Python shlib;
as far as I can tell no version of Python has ever put one there, and
certainly no currently-supported version does.  Also, rather than relying
on get_config_vars('SO'), just try all the possibilities for shlib
extensions.  Also, rather than trusting Py_ENABLE_SHARED, believe we've
found a shlib only if it has a recognized extension.  Last, explicitly
cope with the possibility that the shlib is really in /usr/lib and
$python_libdir is a red herring --- this is the actual situation on older
macOS, but we were only accidentally working with it.

Discussion: <5300.1475592228@sss.pgh.pa.us>

atoi() needs stdlib.h
strcmp() needs string.h

Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>

Using exit() requires stdlib.h, which is not included.  Use return
instead.  Also add return type for main().

Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>

We weren't terribly consistent about whether to call Apple's OS "OS X"
or "Mac OS X", and the former is probably confusing to people who aren't
Apple users.  Now that Apple has rebranded it "macOS", follow their lead
to establish a consistent naming pattern.  Also, avoid the use of the
ancient project name "Darwin", except as the port code name which does not
seem desirable to change.  (In short, this patch touches documentation and
comments, but no actual code.)

I didn't touch contrib/start-scripts/osx/, either.  I suspect those are
obsolete and due for a rewrite, anyway.

I dithered about whether to apply this edit to old release notes, but
those were responsible for quite a lot of the inconsistencies, so I ended
up changing them too.  Anyway, Apple's being ahistorical about this,
so why shouldn't we be?

awk's equality-comparison operator is "==" not "=".  We got this right
in many places, but not in configure's checks for supported version
numbers of flex and perl.  It hadn't been noticed because unsupported
versions are so old as to be basically extinct in the wild, and because
the only consequence is whether or not a WARNING flies by during
configure.

Daniel Gustafsson noted the problem with respect to the test for flex,
I found the other by reviewing other awk calls.

Previously, we included <xlocale.h> only if necessary to get the definition
of type locale_t.  According to notes in PGAC_TYPE_LOCALE_T, this is
important because on some versions of glibc that file supplies an
incompatible declaration of locale_t.  (This info may be obsolete, because
on my RHEL6 box that seems to be the *only* definition of locale_t; but
there may still be glibc's in the wild for which it's a live concern.)

It turns out though that on FreeBSD and maybe other BSDen, you can get
locale_t from stdlib.h or locale.h but mbstowcs_l() and friends only from
<xlocale.h>.  This was leaving us compiling calls to mbstowcs_l() and
friends with no visible prototype, which causes a warning and could
possibly cause actual trouble, since it's not declared to return int.

Hence, adjust the configure checks so that we'll include <xlocale.h>
either if it's necessary to get type locale_t or if it's necessary to
get a declaration of mbstowcs_l().

Report and patch by Aleksander Alekseev, somewhat whacked around by me.
Back-patch to all supported branches, since we have been using
mbstowcs_l() since 9.1.

Commit e2609323 set the minimum Tcl version we support to 8.4, but
I forgot to adjust the documentation to say the same.  Some nosing
around for other consequences found that the configure script could
be simplified slightly as well.

This allows sane behavior in a PGXS build done on a machine where build
tools such as bison are missing.

Jim Nasby

Per buildfarm member anchovy, 2.6.0 exists in the wild now.
Hopefully it works with Postgres; if not, we'll have to do something
about that, but in any case claiming it's "too old" is pretty silly.

This is like BSWAP32, but for 64-bit values.  Since we've got two of
them now and they have use cases (like sortsupport) beyond CRCs, move
the definitions to their own header file.

Peter Geoghegan

Remove configure's checks for HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS, HAVE_SIGPROCMASK, and
HAVE_SIGSETJMP.  These APIs are required by the Single Unix Spec v2
(POSIX 1997), which we generally consider to define our minimum required
set of Unix APIs.  Moreover, no buildfarm member has reported not having
them since 2012 or before, which means that even if the code is still live
somewhere, it's untested --- and we've made plenty of signal-handling
changes of late.  So just take these APIs as given and save the cycles for
configure probes for them.

However, we can't remove as much C code as I'd hoped, because the Windows
port evidently still uses the non-POSIX code paths for signal masking.
Since we're largely emulating these BSD-style APIs for Windows anyway, it
might be a good thing to switch over to POSIX-like notation and thereby
remove a few more #ifdefs.  But I'm not in a position to code or test that.
In the meantime, we can at least make things a bit more transparent by
testing for WIN32 explicitly in these places.

With optimizations enabled at least one compiler, clang 3.7, optimized
away the crc intrinsics knowing that the result went on unused and has
no side effects. That can trigger errors in code generation when the
intrinsic is used, as we chose to use the intrinsics without any
additional compiler flag. Return the computed value to prevent that.

With some more pedantic warning flags (-Wold-style-definition) the
configure test failed to recognize the existence of _mm_crc32_u*
intrinsics due to an independent warning in the test because the test
turned on -Werror, but that's not actually needed here.

Discussion: 20150814092039.GH4955@awork2.anarazel.de
Backpatch: 9.5, where the use of crc intrinsics was integrated.

So far we have worked around the fact that some very old compilers do
not support 'inline' functions by only using inline functions
conditionally (or not at all). Since such compilers are very rare by
now, we have decided to rely on inline functions from 9.6 onwards.

To avoid breaking these old compilers inline is defined away when not
supported. That'll cause "function x defined but not used" type of
warnings, but since nobody develops on such compilers anymore that's
ok.

This change in policy will allow us to more easily employ inline
functions.

I chose to remove code previously conditional on PG_USE_INLINE as it
seemed confusing to have code dependent on a define that's always
defined.

Blacklisting of compilers, like in c53f7387, now has to be done
differently. A platform template can define PG_FORCE_DISABLE_INLINE to
force inline to be defined empty.

Discussion: 20150701161447.GB30708@awork2.anarazel.de

The current version is adding a spurious -pthread option on some Darwin
systems that don't need it, which leads to a bunch of "unrecognized option
'-pthread'" warnings. There is a proposed fix for that in the upstream
autoconf archive's bug tracker, see https://savannah.gnu.org/patch/?8186.
This commit updates our version of ax_pthread.m4 to the "draft2" version
proposed there by Daniel Richard G. I'm using our buildfarm to help Daniel
to test this, before he commits this to the upstream repository.

Per a suggestion from Tom Lane.  Back-patch to 9.0 (all supported
versions).  While only 9.4 and up have code known to elicit this
compiler bug, we were disabling inlining by accident until commit
43d89a23.

Our version was different from the upstream version in that we tried to use
all possible pthread-related flags that the compiler accepts, rather than
just the first one that works. That change was made in commit
e48322a6, to work-around a bug affecting GCC
versions 3.2 and below (https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=8888),
although we didn't realize that it was a GCC bug at the time. We hardly care
about that old GCC versions anymore, so we no longer need that workaround.

This fixes the macro for compilers that print warnings with the chosen
flags. That's pretty annoying on its own right, but it also inconspicuously
disabled thread-safety, because we refused to use any pthread-related flags
if the compiler produced warnings. Max Filippov reported that problem when
linking with uClibc and OpenSSL. The warnings-check was added because the
workaround for the GCC bug caused warnings otherwise, so it's no longer
needed either. We can just use the upstream version as is.

If you really want to compile with GCC version 3.2 or older, you can still
work-around it manually by setting PTHREAD_CFLAGS="-pthread -lpthread"
manually on the configure command line.

Backpatch to 9.5. I don't want to unnecessarily rock the boat on stable
branches, but 9.5 seems like fair game.

AC_TRY_COMPILE(...) -> AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(...)])
AC_TRY_LINK(...) -> AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(...)])
AC_TRY_RUN(...) -> AC_RUN_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM(...)])
AC_LANG_SAVE/RESTORE -> AC_LANG_PUSH/POP
AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST -> AC_CHECK_DECLS(...) (per snippet in autoconf manual)

Also use AC_LANG_SOURCE instead of AC_LANG_PROGRAM, where the main()
function is not needed.

With these changes, autoconf -Wall doesn't complain anymore.

Andreas Karlsson

According to recent tests, this case now works fine, so there's no reason
to reject it anymore.  (Even if there are still some OpenBSD platforms
in the wild where it doesn't work, removing the check won't break any case
that worked before.)

We can actually remove the entire test that discovers whether libpython
is threaded, since without the OpenBSD case there's no need to know that
at all.

Per report from Davin Potts.  Back-patch to all active branches.

By converting to using forward slashes at configure time we avoid
having to repeat the logic anywhere that this is needed, such as
in transforms modules for plpython.

For building PL/Perl, PL/Python, and PL/Tcl, we need a shared library of
libperl, libpython, and libtcl, respectively.  Previously, this was
checked in the makefiles, skipping the PL build with a warning if no
shared library was available.  Now this is checked in configure, with an
error if no shared library is available.

The previous situation arose because in the olden days, the configure
options --with-perl, --with-python, and --with-tcl controlled whether
frontend interfaces for those languages would be built.  The procedural
languages were added later, and shared libraries were often not
available in the beginning.  So it was decided skip the builds of the
procedural languages in those cases.  The frontend interfaces have since
been removed from the tree, and shared libraries are now available most
of the time, so that setup makes much less sense now.

Also, the new setup allows contrib modules and pgxs users to rely on the
respective PLs being available based on configure flags.

Eliminate the separate 'len' variable from the loops, and also use the 4
byte instruction. This shaves off a few more cycles. Even though this
routine that uses the special SSE 4.2 instructions is much faster than a
generic routine, it's still a hot spot, so let's make it as fast as
possible.

Change the configure test to not test _mm_crc32_u64. That variant is only
available in the 64-bit x86-64 architecture, not in 32-bit x86. Modify
pg_comp_crc32c_sse42 so that it only uses _mm_crc32_u64 on x86-64. With
these changes, the SSE accelerated CRC-32C implementation can also be used
on 32-bit x86 systems.

This also fixes the 32-bit MSVC build.

Modern x86 and x86-64 processors with SSE 4.2 support have special
instructions, crc32b and crc32q, for calculating CRC-32C. They greatly
speed up CRC calculation.

Whether the instructions can be used or not depends on the compiler and the
target architecture. If generation of SSE 4.2 instructions is allowed for
the target (-msse4.2 flag on gcc and clang), use them. If they are not
allowed by default, but the compiler supports the -msse4.2 flag to enable
them, compile just the CRC-32C function with -msse4.2 flag, and check at
runtime whether the processor we're running on supports it. If it doesn't,
fall back to the slicing-by-8 algorithm. (With the common defaults on
current operating systems, the runtime-check variant is what you get in
practice.)

Abhijit Menon-Sen, heavily modified by me, reviewed by Andres Freund.

We will, for the foreseeable future, not expose 128 bit datatypes to
SQL. But being able to use 128bit math will allow us, in a later patch,
to use 128bit accumulators for some aggregates; leading to noticeable
speedups over using numeric.

So far we only detect a gcc/clang extension that supports 128bit math,
but no 128bit literals, and no *printf support. We might want to expand
this in the future to further compilers; if there are any that that
provide similar support.

Discussion: 544BB5F1.50709@proxel.se
Author: Andreas Karlsson, with significant editorializing by me
Reviewed-By: Peter Geoghegan, Oskari Saarenmaa

This speeds up WAL generation and replay. The new algorithm is
significantly faster with large inputs, like full-page images or when
inserting wide rows. It is slower with tiny inputs, i.e. less than 10 bytes
or so, but the speedup with longer inputs more than make up for that. Even
small WAL records at least have 24 byte header in the front.

The output is identical to the current byte-at-a-time computation, so this
does not affect compatibility. The new algorithm is only used for the
CRC-32C variant, not the legacy version used in tsquery or the
"traditional" CRC-32 used in hstore and ltree. Those are not as performance
critical, and are usually only applied over small inputs, so it seems
better to not carry around the extra lookup tables to speed up those rare
cases.

Abhijit Menon-Sen

We had code that supposed that some platforms might offer a nonstandard
version of getpwuid_r() with only four arguments.  However, the 5-argument
definition has been standardized at least since the Single Unix Spec v2,
which is our normal reference for what's portable across all Unix-oid
platforms.  (What's more, this wasn't the only pre-standardization version
of getpwuid_r(); my old HPUX 10.20 box has still another signature.)
So let's just get rid of the now-useless configure step.

This eliminates gobs of "unrecognized format function type" warnings
under MinGW compilers predating GCC 4.4.

Several upcoming performance/scalability improvements require atomic
operations. This new API avoids the need to splatter compiler and
architecture dependent code over all the locations employing atomic
ops.

For several of the potential usages it'd be problematic to maintain
both, a atomics using implementation and one using spinlocks or
similar. In all likelihood one of the implementations would not get
tested regularly under concurrency. To avoid that scenario the new API
provides a automatic fallback of atomic operations to spinlocks. All
properties of atomic operations are maintained. This fallback -
obviously - isn't as fast as just using atomic ops, but it's not bad
either. For one of the future users the atomics ontop spinlocks
implementation was actually slightly faster than the old purely
spinlock using implementation. That's important because it reduces the
fear of regressing older platforms when improving the scalability for
new ones.

The API, loosely modeled after the C11 atomics support, currently
provides 'atomic flags' and 32 bit unsigned integers. If the platform
efficiently supports atomic 64 bit unsigned integers those are also
provided.

To implement atomics support for a platform/architecture/compiler for
a type of atomics 32bit compare and exchange needs to be
implemented. If available and more efficient native support for flags,
32 bit atomic addition, and corresponding 64 bit operations may also
be provided. Additional useful atomic operations are implemented
generically ontop of these.

The implementation for various versions of gcc, msvc and sun studio have
been tested. Additional existing stub implementations for
* Intel icc
* HUPX acc
* IBM xlc
are included but have never been tested. These will likely require
fixes based on buildfarm and user feedback.

As atomic operations also require barriers for some operations the
existing barrier support has been moved into the atomics code.

Author: Andres Freund with contributions from Oskari Saarenmaa
Reviewed-By: Amit Kapila, Robert Haas, Heikki Linnakangas and Álvaro Herrera
Discussion: CA+TgmoYBW+ux5-8Ja=Mcyuy8=VXAnVRHp3Kess6Pn3DMXAPAEA@mail.gmail.com,
    20131015123303.GH5300@awork2.anarazel.de,
    20131028205522.GI20248@awork2.anarazel.de

The PGAC_FUNC_SNPRINTF_SIZE_T_SUPPORT test was broken by
ce486056. Among others it made the UINT64_FORMAT macro to be
defined in c.h, instead of directly being defined by configure.

This lead to the replacement printf being used on all platforms for a
while. Which seems to work, because this was only used due to
different profiles ;)

Fix by relying on INT64_MODIFIER instead.

We have had INT64_FORMAT and UINT64_FORMAT for a long time, but that's not
good enough if you want something more exotic, like "%20lld".

Abhijit Menon-Sen, per Andres Freund's suggestion.

This restores the style of keeping configure.in free of AC_DEFUN.  Per
gripe from Tom Lane.

Almost ten years ago, commit e48322a6 broke
the logic in ACX_PTHREAD by looping through all the possible flags rather
than stopping with the first one that would work.  This meant that
$acx_pthread_ok was no longer meaningful after the loop; it would usually
be "no", whether or not we'd found working thread flags.  The reason nobody
noticed is that Postgres doesn't actually use any of the symbols set up
by the code after the loop.  Rather than complicate things some more to
make it work as designed, let's just remove all that dead code, and thereby
save a few cycles in each configure run.

Bison >=3.0 issues warnings about

    %name-prefix="base_yy"

instead of the now preferred

    %name-prefix "base_yy"

but the latter doesn't work with Bison 2.3 or less.  So for now we
silence the deprecation warnings.