Before, some places didn't document the short options (-? and -V),
some documented both, some documented nothing, and they were listed in
various orders.  Now this is hopefully more consistent and complete.

connection failure.

Backpatch to 9.2.

Per report from Evan D. Hoffman

The simplest way to handle this is just to copy-and-paste the relevant
code block in fork_process.c, so that's what I did. (It's possible that
something more complicated would be useful to packagers who want to work
with either the old or the new API; but at this point the number of such
people is rapidly approaching zero, so let's just get the minimal thing
done.)  Update relevant documentation as well.

clusters, and make sure the new cluster has no additional users.

Backpatch to 9.1.

commit-fest.

It failed to check for error return from xsltApplyStylesheet(), as reported
by Peter Gagarinov.  (So far as I can tell, libxslt provides no convenient
way to get a useful error message in failure cases.  There might be some
inconvenient way, but considering that this code is deprecated it's hard to
get enthusiastic about putting lots of work into it.  So I just made it say
"failed to apply stylesheet", in line with the existing error checks.)

While looking at the code I also noticed that the string returned by
xsltSaveResultToString was never freed, resulting in a session-lifespan
memory leak.

Back-patch to all supported versions.

public schema that no longer point to valid shared object libraries, and
suggest a solution.

Overly tight coding caused the password transformation loop to stop
examining input once it had processed a byte equal to 0x80.  Thus, if the
given password string contained such a byte (which is possible though not
highly likely in UTF8, and perhaps also in other non-ASCII encodings), all
subsequent characters would not contribute to the hash, making the password
much weaker than it appears on the surface.

This would only affect cases where applications used DES crypt() to encode
passwords before storing them in the database.  If a weak password has been
created in this fashion, the hash will stop matching after this update has
been applied, so it will be easy to tell if any passwords were unexpectedly
weak.  Changing to a different password would be a good idea in such a case.
(Since DES has been considered inadequately secure for some time, changing
to a different encryption algorithm can also be recommended.)

This code, and the bug, are shared with at least PHP, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD.
Since the other projects have already published their fixes, there is no
point in trying to keep this commit private.

This bug has been assigned CVE-2012-2143, and credit for its discovery goes
to Rubin Xu and Joseph Bonneau.

pg_catalog schema, even though they are not explicitly dumped (they are
implicitly dumped, e.g. create language plperl).

Write the file to a temporary name and then rename() it into the
permanent name, to ensure it can't end up half-written and corrupt
in case of a crash during shutdown.

Unlink the file after it has been read so it's removed from the data
directory and not included in base backups going to replication slaves.

start/stop output, to fix file share error reported by Edmund Horner

Windows, to avoid opening a file by multiple processes.

And align a bit better with the rest of the debug output.

When the column name is an unqualified name, rather than table.column,
the error message complains about too many dotted names, which is
wrong.  Report by Peter Eisentraut based on examination of the
sepgsql regression test output, but the problem also affects COMMENT.
New wording as suggested by Tom Lane.

The hint looked a bit confusing when there were no valid options to
hint about.

pgindent and perltidy should clean up the rest.

We previously recognized that citext wouldn't get marked as collatable
during pg_upgrade from a pre-9.1 installation, and hacked its
create-from-unpackaged script to manually perform the necessary catalog
adjustments.  However, we overlooked the fact that domains over citext,
as well as the citext[] array type, need the same adjustments.  Extend
the script to handle those cases.

Also, the documentation suggested that this was only an issue in pg_upgrade
scenarios, which is quite wrong; loading any dump containing citext from a
pre-9.1 server will also result in the type being wrongly marked.

I approached the documentation problem by changing the 9.1.2 release note
paragraphs about this issue, which is historically inaccurate.  But it
seems better than having the information scattered in multiple places, and
leaving incorrect info in the 9.1.2 notes would be bad anyway.  We'll still
need to mention the issue again in the 9.1.4 notes, but perhaps they can
just reference 9.1.2 for fix instructions.

Per report from Evan Carroll.  Back-patch into 9.1.

Placeholders such as OPTION are typically kept in singular.

Josh Kupershmidt

This seems more consistent with the pre-existing choices for names of
other statistics columns.  Rename assorted internal identifiers to match.

Display total time and I/O timings in milliseconds, for consistency with
the units used for timings in the core statistics views.  The columns
remain of float8 type, so that sub-msec precision is available.  (At some
point we will probably want to convert the core views to use float8 type
for the same reason, but this patch does not touch that issue.)

This is a release-note-requiring change in the meaning of the total_time
column.  The I/O timing columns are new as of 9.2, so there is no
compatibility impact from redefining them.

Do some minor copy-editing in the documentation, too.

Noted by Guillaume Smet.

Josh Kupershmidt

Josh Kupershmidt

This patch adjusts the treatment of parameterized paths so that all paths
with the same parameterization (same set of required outer rels) for the
same relation will have the same rowcount estimate.  We cache the rowcount
estimates to ensure that property, and hopefully save a few cycles too.
Doing this makes it practical for add_path_precheck to operate without
a rowcount estimate: it need only assume that paths with different
parameterizations never dominate each other, which is close enough to
true anyway for coarse filtering, because normally a more-parameterized
path should yield fewer rows thanks to having more join clauses to apply.

In add_path, we do the full nine yards of comparing rowcount estimates
along with everything else, so that we can discard parameterized paths that
don't actually have an advantage.  This fixes some issues I'd found with
add_path rejecting parameterized paths on the grounds that they were more
expensive than not-parameterized ones, even though they yielded many fewer
rows and hence would be cheaper once subsequent joining was considered.

To make the same-rowcounts assumption valid, we have to require that any
parameterized path enforce *all* join clauses that could be obtained from
the particular set of outer rels, even if not all of them are useful for
indexing.  This is required at both base scans and joins.  It's a good
thing anyway since the net impact is that join quals are checked at the
lowest practical level in the join tree.  Hence, discard the original
rather ad-hoc mechanism for choosing parameterization joinquals, and build
a better one that has a more principled rule for when clauses can be moved.
The original rule was actually buggy anyway for lack of knowledge about
which relations are part of an outer join's outer side; getting this right
requires adding an outer_relids field to RestrictInfo.

Remove lots of outdated information that is duplicated by the
better-maintained SGML documentation.  In particular, remove the
outdated listing of contrib modules.  Update the installation
instructions to mention CREATE EXTENSION, but don't go into too much
detail.

default tablespace, but part of a database that is in a user-defined
tablespace.  Caused "file not found" error during upgrade.

Per bug report from Ants Aasma.

Backpatch to 9.1 and 9.0.

There's no need to sit there and increment the stats when we know all the
increments would be zero anyway.  The actual additions might not be very
expensive, but skipping acquisition of the spinlock seems like a good
thing.  Pushing the logic about initialization of the usage count down into
entry_alloc() allows us to do that while making the code actually simpler,
not more complex.  Expansion on a suggestion by Peter Geoghegan.

This patch addresses a deficiency in the previous pg_stat_statements patch.
We want to give sticky entries an initial "usage" factor high enough that
they probably will stick around until their query is completed.  However,
if the query never completes (eg it gets an error during execution), the
entry shouldn't persist indefinitely.  Manage this by starting out with
a usage setting equal to the (approximate) median usage value within the
whole hashtable, but decaying the value much more aggressively than we
do for normal entries.

Peter Geoghegan

If we make the initially-called function return the table physical-size
estimate, acquire_inherited_sample_rows will be able to use that to
allocate numbers of samples among child tables, when the day comes that
we want to support foreign tables in inheritance trees.

ANALYZE now accepts foreign tables and allows the table's FDW to control
how the sample rows are collected.  (But only manual ANALYZEs will touch
foreign tables, for the moment, since among other things it's not very
clear how to handle remote permissions checks in an auto-analyze.)

contrib/file_fdw is extended to support this.

Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Shigeru Hanada, some further tweaking by me.

Greg Smith and Jaime Casanova, reviewed by Alex Shulgin and myself.
e

This patch provides a test case for libpq's row processor API.
contrib/dblink can deal with very large result sets by dumping them into
a tuplestore (which can spill to disk) --- but until now, the intermediate
storage of the query result in a PGresult meant memory bloat for any large
result.  Now we use a row processor to convert the data to tuple form and
dump it directly into the tuplestore.

A limitation is that this only works for plain dblink() queries, not
dblink_send_query() followed by dblink_get_result().  In the latter
case we don't know the desired tuple rowtype soon enough.  While hack
solutions to that are possible, a different user-level API would
probably be a better answer.

Kyotaro Horiguchi, reviewed by Marko Kreen and Tom Lane

dblink_exec leaked temporary database connections if any error occurred
after connection setup, for example
	SELECT dblink_exec('...connect string...', 'select 1/0');
Add a PG_TRY block to ensure PQfinish gets done when it is needed.
(dblink_record_internal is on the hairy edge of needing similar treatment,
but seems not to be actively broken at the moment.)

Also, in 9.0 and up, only one of the three functions using tuplestore
return mode was properly checking that the query context would allow
a tuplestore result.

Noted while reviewing dblink patch.  Back-patch to all supported branches.