so as to avoid performance issues and possible ultimate crash on long
psql scripts.  Per Merlin Moncure.

create circularity of role memberships.  This is a minimum-impact fix
for the problem reported by Florian Pflug.  I thought about removing
the superuser_arg test from is_member_of_role() altogether, as it seems
redundant for many of the callers --- but not all, and it's way too late
in the 8.1 cycle to be making large changes.  Perhaps reconsider this
later.

to ensure that SubqueryScan elimination doesn't change the behavior of
reporting of original column sources.

from a finished plan tree.  We have to copy the output column names
(resname fields) from the SubqueryScan down to its child plan node;
else, if this is the topmost level of the plan, the wrong column names
will be delivered to the client.  Per bug #2017 reported by Jolly Chen.

those names.  (Debug and None were pretty bad names anyway.)  I hope I catched
all uses of the names in comments too.

very narrow window in which SimpleLruReadPage or SimpleLruWritePage could
think that I/O was needed when it wasn't (and indeed the buffer had already
been assigned to another page).  This would result in an Assert failure if
Asserts were enabled, and probably in silent data corruption if not.
Reported independently by Jim Nasby and Robert Creager.

I intend a more extensive fix when 8.2 development starts, but this is a
reasonably low-impact patch for the existing branches.

Provide a --no-locale option for pg_regress and a corresponding NOLOCALE=1
setting for the regression makefile, allowing Windows users to force locale
settings since Windows does not get its locale from the environment.

Per Petr Jelinek.

reserving SLRU space for a new MultiXact.  The original coding would have
treated out-of-disk-space as a PANIC condition, which is unnecessary.

of postgres.imp file into BE_DLLLIBS macro.  This makes the AIX build
work more like the Windows and Darwin builds, which have similar requirements
to mention a backend library when linking shared libraries that will be
dynamically loaded into the backend.

multixact's starting offset before the offset has been stored into the
SLRU file.  A simple fix would be to hold the MultiXactGenLock until the
offset has been stored, but that looks like a big concurrency hit.  Instead
rely on knowledge that unset offsets will be zero, and loop when we see
a zero.  This requires a little extra hacking to ensure that zero is never
a valid value for the offset.  Problem reported by Matteo Beccati, fix
ideas from Martijn van Oosterhout, Alvaro Herrera, and Tom Lane.

for postgres: on line 86, and line 43 shouldn't be used.  Noted while
looking at kookaburra buildfarm results.

advance its usage_count.  This includes writes of dirty buffers triggered
by bgwriter, checkpoint, or FlushRelationBuffers, as well as various
corner cases that really ought not count as accesses to the page.
Should make for some marginal improvement in the quality of our decisions
about when to recycle buffers.  Per suggestion from ITAGAKI Takahiro.

commands.  Per complaint that \df+ is clearer in expanded mode.

interval_justify_hours in timestamp subtraction.  TODO already has text
description.

inFromCl true, meaning that they will list out as explicit RTEs if they
are in a view or rule.  Update comments about inFromCl to reflect the way
it's now actually used.  Per recent discussion.

for an outer join; symptom is bogus error "RIGHT JOIN is only supported with
merge-joinable join conditions".  Problem was that select_mergejoin_clauses
did its tests in the wrong order.  We need to force left join not right join
for a merge join when there are non-mergeable join clauses; but the test for
this only accounted for mergejoinability of the clause operator, and not
whether the left and right Vars were of the proper relations.  Per report
from Jean-Pierre Pelletier.

some small stylistic improvements in these functions.  Also fix several
places where TMODULO() was being used with wrong-sized quotient argument,
creating a risk of overflow --- interval2tm was actually capable of going
into an infinite loop because of this.

to the main thread.  This allows removal of WaitForSingleObjectEx() calls
from the main thread, thereby allowing us to re-enable Qingqing Zhou's
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS performance improvement.  Qingqing, Magnus, et al.

PQregisterThreadLock().

I also remove the crypt() mention in the libpq threading section and
added a single sentence in the client-auth manual page under crypt().
Crypt authentication is so old now that a separate paragraph about it
seemed unwise.

I also added a comment about our use of locking around pqGetpwuid().

one CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() call, so that you can control-C out of the
loop.  Reported by Merlin Moncure.

WaitForSingleObjectEx is always called by CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS.  This
should be reinstated but the setitimer() emulation will have to be
redesigned first.

minor code cleanup - replace useless struct timezone argument to
gettimeofday with NULL in a few places, making it consistent with
usage elsewhere.

a kernel call unless there's some evidence of a pending signal.  This should
bring its performance on Windows into line with the Unix version.  Problem
diagnosis and patch by Qingqing Zhou.  Minor stylistic tweaks by moi ...
if it's broken, it's my fault.

properly advancing the CommandCounter between multiple sub-queries
generated by rules, we forgot to update the snapshot being used, so
that the successive sub-queries didn't actually see each others'
results.  This is still not *exactly* like the semantics of normal
execution of the same queries, in that we don't take new transaction
snapshots and hence don't see changes from concurrently committed
commands, but I think that's OK and probably even preferable for
EXPLAIN ANALYZE.

of the form nextval('foo'::varchar) doesn't break.  Per gripe from
Jean-Pierre Pelletier.  Initdb forced :-(

a parameter in binary format.  Also, add a TIP explaining how to use casts
in the query text to avoid needing to specify parameter types by OID.
Also fix bogus spacing --- apparently somebody expanded the tabs in the
example programs to 8 spaces instead of 4 when transposing them into SGML.

since it can take a fair amount of time and this can confuse boot scripts
that expect postmaster.pid to appear quickly.  Move initialization of SSL
library and preloaded libraries to after that point, too, just for luck.
Per reports from Tony Caduto and others.