Don't move parenthesized lines to the left, even if that means they
flow past the right margin.

By default, BSD indent lines up statement continuation lines that are
within parentheses so that they start just to the right of the preceding
left parenthesis.  However, traditionally, if that resulted in the
continuation line extending to the right of the desired right margin,
then indent would push it left just far enough to not overrun the margin,
if it could do so without making the continuation line start to the left of
the current statement indent.  That makes for a weird mix of indentations
unless one has been completely rigid about never violating the 80-column
limit.

This behavior has been pretty universally panned by Postgres developers.
Hence, disable it with indent's new -lpl switch, so that parenthesized
lines are always lined up with the preceding left paren.

This patch is much less interesting than the first round of indent
changes, but also bulkier, so I thought it best to separate the effects.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dAmxK-0006EE-1r@gemulon.postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30527.1495162840@sss.pgh.pa.us

This makes almost all core code follow the policy introduced in the
previous commit.  Specific decisions:

- Text search support functions with char* and length arguments, such as
  prsstart and lexize, may receive unaligned strings.  I doubt
  maintainers of non-core text search code will notice.

- Use plain VARDATA() on values detoasted or synthesized earlier in the
  same function.  Use VARDATA_ANY() on varlenas sourced outside the
  function, even if they happen to always have four-byte headers.  As an
  exception, retain the universal practice of using VARDATA() on return
  values of SendFunctionCall().

- Retain PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P() in pageinspect.  (Page images are too large
  for a one-byte header, so this misses no optimization.)  Sites that do
  not call get_page_from_raw() typically need the four-byte alignment.

- For now, do not change btree_gist.  Its use of four-byte headers in
  memory is partly entangled with storage of 4-byte headers inside
  GBT_VARKEY, on disk.

- For now, do not change gtrgm_consistent() or gtrgm_distance().  They
  incorporate the varlena header into a cache, and there are multiple
  credible implementation strategies to consider.

Detect fclose() failures; given "ln -s /dev/full $PGDATA/devfull",
"pg_file_write('devfull', 'x', true)" now fails as it should.  Don't
leak a stream when fwrite() fails.  Remove a born-ineffective test that
aimed to skip zero-length writes.  Back-patch to 9.2 (all supported
versions).

Backpatch certain files through 9.1

Backpatch certain files through 9.0

Prominent binaries already had this metadata.  A handful of minor
binaries, such as pg_regress.exe, still lack it; efforts to eliminate
such exceptions are welcome.

Michael Paquier, reviewed by MauMau.

Because of gcc -Wmissing-prototypes, all functions in dynamically
loadable modules must have a separate prototype declaration.  This is
meant to detect global functions that are not declared in header files,
but in cases where the function is called via dfmgr, this is redundant.
Besides filling up space with boilerplate, this is a frequent source of
compiler warnings in extension modules.

We can fix that by creating the function prototype as part of the
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1 macro, which such modules have to use anyway.  That
makes the code of modules cleaner, because there is one less place where
the entry points have to be listed, and creates an additional check that
functions have the right prototype.

Remove now redundant prototypes from contrib and other modules.

Update all files in head, and files COPYRIGHT and legal.sgml in all back
branches.

Add asprintf(), pg_asprintf(), and psprintf() to simplify string
allocation and composition.  Replacement implementations taken from
NetBSD.

Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@2ndquadrant.com>
Reviewed-by: Asif Naeem <anaeem.it@gmail.com>

Fully update git head, and update back branches in ./COPYRIGHT and
legal.sgml files.

We have seen one too many reports of people trying to use 9.1 extension
files in the old-fashioned way of sourcing them in psql.  Not only does
that usually not work (due to failure to substitute for MODULE_PATHNAME
and/or @extschema@), but if it did work they'd get a collection of loose
objects not an extension.  To prevent this, insert an \echo ... \quit
line that prints a suitable error message into each extension script file,
and teach commands/extension.c to ignore lines starting with \echo.
That should not only prevent any adverse consequences of loading a script
file the wrong way, but make it crystal clear to users that they need to
do it differently now.

Tom Lane, following an idea of Andrew Dunstan's.  Back-patch into 9.1
... there is not going to be much value in this if we wait till 9.2.

From first pass of testing.  Notably, there seems to be no need for
adminpack--unpackaged--1.0.sql because none of the objects that the
old module creates would ever be dumped by pg_dump anyway (they are
all in pg_catalog).

It was never terribly consistent to use OR REPLACE (because of the lack of
comparable functionality for data types, operators, etc), and
experimentation shows that it's now positively pernicious in the extension
world.  We really want a failure to occur if there are any conflicts, else
it's unclear what the extension-ownership state of the conflicted object
ought to be.  Most of the time, CREATE EXTENSION will fail anyway because
of conflicts on other object types, but an extension defining only
functions can succeed, with bad results.

This isn't fully tested as yet, in particular I'm not sure that the
"foo--unpackaged--1.0.sql" scripts are OK.  But it's time to get some
buildfarm cycles on it.

sepgsql is not converted to an extension, mainly because it seems to
require a very nonstandard installation process.

Dimitri Fontaine and Tom Lane

relative, by creating a function path_is_relative_and_below_cwd() to
check for specific requirements.  It is unclear if this fixes a security
problem or not but the new code is more robust.

strings.  This patch introduces four support functions cstring_to_text,
cstring_to_text_with_len, text_to_cstring, and text_to_cstring_buffer, and
two macros CStringGetTextDatum and TextDatumGetCString.  A number of
existing macros that provided variants on these themes were removed.

Most of the places that need to make such conversions now require just one
function or macro call, in place of the multiple notational layers that used
to be needed.  There are no longer any direct calls of textout or textin,
and we got most of the places that were using handmade conversions via
memcpy (there may be a few still lurking, though).

This commit doesn't make any serious effort to eliminate transient memory
leaks caused by detoasting toasted text objects before they reach
text_to_cstring.  We changed PG_GETARG_TEXT_P to PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP in a few
places where it was easy, but much more could be done.

Brendan Jurd and Tom Lane

Remove setting of search_path in install/uninstall scripts, since unlike
other contrib modules this one does not want to let you change the
installation schema.

	remove transactions
	use create or replace function
	make formatting consistent
	set search patch on first line

Add documentation on modifying *.sql to set the search patch, and
mention that major upgrades should still run the installation scripts.

Some of these issues were spotted by Tom today.

or will never be converted.

installations whose pg_config program does not appear first in the PATH.
Per gripe from Eddie Stanley and subsequent discussions with Fabien Coelho
and others.

the backend should rely on its working-directory setting instead.
Also do some message-style police work in contrib/adminpack.

and avoid scribbling on its result (might be safe but why risk it)

from Magnus that MSVC complains about this.