It seems we can't easily work around the lack of
X509_get_signature_nid(), so revert the previous attempts and just
disable the tls-server-end-point feature if we don't have it.

While ldaptls=1 provides an RFC 4513 conforming way to do LDAP
authentication with TLS encryption, there was an earlier de facto
standard way to do LDAP over SSL called LDAPS.  Even though it's not
enshrined in a standard, it's still widely used and sometimes required
by organizations' network policies.  There seems to be no reason not to
support it when available in the client library.  Therefore, add support
when using OpenLDAP 2.4+ or Windows.  It can be configured with
ldapscheme=ldaps or ldapurl=ldaps://...

Add tests for both ways of requesting LDAPS and a test for the
pre-existing ldaptls=1.  Modify the 001_auth.pl test for "diagnostic
messages", which was previously relying on the server rejecting
ldaptls=1.

Author: Thomas Munro
Reviewed-By: Peter Eisentraut
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm=1s+pA-LZUjQ-9GQz0Z4rX_eK=DFXAF1nBQ+ROPimuOYQ@mail.gmail.com

Backpatch-through: certain files through 9.3

It's not easy to get signed integer overflow checks correct and
fast. Therefore abstract the necessary infrastructure into a common
header providing addition, subtraction and multiplication for 16, 32,
64 bit signed integers.

The new macros aren't yet used, but a followup commit will convert
several open coded overflow checks.

Author: Andres Freund, with some code stolen from Greg Stark
Reviewed-By: Robert Haas
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20171024103954.ztmatprlglz3rwke@alap3.anarazel.de

Since some preparation work had already been done, the only source
changes left were changing empty-element tags like <xref linkend="foo">
to <xref linkend="foo"/>, and changing the DOCTYPE.

The source files are still named *.sgml, but they are actually XML files
now.  Renaming could be considered later.

In the build system, the intermediate step to convert from SGML to XML
is removed.  Everything is build straight from the source files again.
The OpenSP (or the old SP) package is no longer needed.

The documentation toolchain instructions are updated and are much
simpler now.

Peter Eisentraut, Alexander Lakhin, Jürgen Purtz

Our initial work with int128 neglected alignment considerations, an
oversight that came back to bite us in bug #14897 from Vincent Lachenal.
It is unsurprising that int128 might have a 16-byte alignment requirement;
what's slightly more surprising is that even notoriously lax Intel chips
sometimes enforce that.

Raising MAXALIGN seems out of the question: the costs in wasted disk and
memory space would be significant, and there would also be an on-disk
compatibility break.  Nor does it seem very practical to try to allow some
data structures to have more-than-MAXALIGN alignment requirement, as we'd
have to push knowledge of that throughout various code that copies data
structures around.

The only way out of the box is to make type int128 conform to the system's
alignment assumptions.  Fortunately, gcc supports that via its
__attribute__(aligned()) pragma; and since we don't currently support
int128 on non-gcc-workalike compilers, we shouldn't be losing any platform
support this way.

Although we could have just done pg_attribute_aligned(MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF) and
called it a day, I did a little bit of extra work to make the code more
portable than that: it will also support int128 on compilers without
__attribute__(aligned()), if the native alignment of their 128-bit-int
type is no more than that of int64.

Add a regression test case that exercises the one known instance of the
problem, in parallel aggregation over a bigint column.

This will need to be back-patched, along with the preparatory commit
91aec93e.  But let's see what the buildfarm makes of it first.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20171110185747.31519.28038@wrigleys.postgresql.org

Upon further review, our Bonjour code doesn't actually work with the
Avahi not-too-compatible compatibility library.  While you can get it
to work on non-macOS platforms if you link to Apple's own mDNSResponder
code, there don't seem to be many people who care about that.  Leaving in
the AC_SEARCH_LIBS call seems more likely to encourage people to build
broken configurations than to do anything very useful.

Hence, remove the AC_SEARCH_LIBS call and put in a warning comment instead.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2D8331C5-D64F-44C1-8717-63EDC6EAF7EB@brightforge.com

On macOS the relevant functions require no special library, but elsewhere
we need to pull in libdns_sd.

Back-patch to supported branches.  No docs change since the docs do not
suggest that this is a Mac-only feature.

Luke Lonergan

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2D8331C5-D64F-44C1-8717-63EDC6EAF7EB@brightforge.com

configure computed PG_VERSION_NUM incorrectly.  (Coulda sworn I tested
that logic back when, but it had an obvious thinko.)

pg_upgrade had not been taught about the new dispensation with just
one part in the major version number.

Both things accidentally failed to fail with 10.0, but with 10.1 we
got the wrong results.

Per buildfarm.

Per buildfarm animal Hornet and followup manual testing by Noah Misch,
it appears xlc miscompiles code using "restrict" in at least some
cases. Allow disabling restrict usage with FORCE_DISABLE_RESTRICT=yes
in template files, and do so for aix/xlc.

Author: Andres Freund and Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1820.1507918762@sss.pgh.pa.us

Unfortunately using 'restrict' plainly causes problems with MSVC,
which supports restrict only as '__restrict'. Defining 'restrict' to
'__restrict' unfortunately causes a conflict with MSVC's usage of
__declspec(restrict) in headers.

Therefore define pg_restrict to the appropriate keyword instead, and
replace existing usages.

This replaces the temporary workaround introduced in 36b4b91b.

Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2656.1507830907@sss.pgh.pa.us

Will be used in later commits improving performance for a few key
routines where information about aliasing allows for significantly
better code generation.

This allows to use the C99 'restrict' keyword without breaking C89, or
for that matter C++, compilers. If not supported it's defined to be
empty.

Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170914063418.sckdzgjfrsbekae4@alap3.anarazel.de

The previous placement of the fallback implementation in libpgcommon
was problematic, because libpqport functions need strnlen
functionality.

Move replacement into libpgport. Provide strnlen() under its posix
name, instead of pg_strnlen(). Fix stupid configure bug, executing the
test only when compiled with threading support.

Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1e1gR2-0005fB-SI@gemulon.postgresql.org

As the OS version is likely going to be more optimized, fall back to
it if available, as detected by configure.

Upcoming patches are going to address performance issues that involve
slow system provided ntohs/htons etc. To address that expand
pg_bswap.h to provide pg_ntoh{16,32,64}, pg_hton{16,32,64} and
optimize their respective implementations by using compiler intrinsics
for gcc compatible compilers and msvc. Fall back to manual
implementations using shifts etc otherwise.

Additionally remove multiple evaluation hazards from the existing
BSWAP32/64 macros, by replacing them with inline functions when
necessary. In the course of that the naming scheme is changed to
pg_bswap16/32/64.

Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170927172019.gheidqy6xvlxb325@alap3.anarazel.de

On Linux, shared memory segments created with shm_open() are backed by
swap files created in tmpfs.  If the swap file needs to be extended,
but there's no tmpfs space left, you get a very unfriendly SIGBUS trap.
To avoid this, force allocation of the full request size when we create
the segment.  This adds a few cycles, but none that we wouldn't expend
later anyway, assuming the request isn't hugely bigger than the actual
need.

Make this code #ifdef __linux__, because (a) there's not currently a
reason to think the same problem exists on other platforms, and (b)
applying posix_fallocate() to an FD created by shm_open() isn't very
portable anyway.

Back-patch to 9.4 where the DSM code came in.

Thomas Munro, per a bug report from Amul Sul

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1002664500.12301802.1471008223422.JavaMail.yahoo@mail.yahoo.com

These functions are required by SUS v2, which is our minimum baseline
for Unix platforms, and are present on all interesting Windows versions
as well.  Even our oldest buildfarm members have them.  Thus, we were not
testing the "!USE_WIDE_UPPER_LOWER" code paths, which explains why the bug
fixed in commit e6023ee7 escaped detection.  Per discussion, there seems
to be no more real-world value in maintaining this option.  Hence, remove
the configure-time tests for wcstombs() and towlower(), remove the
USE_WIDE_UPPER_LOWER symbol, and remove all the !USE_WIDE_UPPER_LOWER code.
There's not actually all that much of the latter, but simplifying the #if
nests is a win in itself.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170921052928.GA188913@rfd.leadboat.com

For performance reasons a larger segment size than the default 16MB
can be useful. A larger segment size has two main benefits: Firstly,
in setups using archiving, it makes it easier to write scripts that
can keep up with higher amounts of WAL, secondly, the WAL has to be
written and synced to disk less frequently.

But at the same time large segment size are disadvantageous for
smaller databases. So far the segment size had to be configured at
compile time, often making it unrealistic to choose one fitting to a
particularly load. Therefore change it to a initdb time setting.

This includes a breaking changes to the xlogreader.h API, which now
requires the current segment size to be configured.  For that and
similar reasons a number of binaries had to be taught how to recognize
the current segment size.

Author: Beena Emerson, editorialized by Andres Freund
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund, David Steele, Kuntal Ghosh, Michael
    Paquier, Peter Eisentraut, Robert Hass, Tushar Ahuja
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOG9ApEAcQ--1ieKbhFzXSQPw_YLmepaa4hNdnY5+ZULpt81Mw@mail.gmail.com

Instead of using a cast to force the constant to be the right width,
assume we can plaster on an L, UL, LL, or ULL suffix as appropriate.
The old approach to this is very hoary, dating from before we were
willing to require compilers to have working int64 types.

This fix makes the PG_INT64_MIN, PG_INT64_MAX, and PG_UINT64_MAX
constants safe to use in preprocessor conditions, where a cast
doesn't work.  Other symbolic constants that might be defined using
[U]INT64CONST are likewise safer than before.

Also fix the SIZE_MAX macro to be similarly safe, if we are forced
to provide a definition for that.  The test added in commit 2e70d6b5
happens to do what we want even with the hack "(size_t) -1" definition,
but we could easily get burnt on other tests in future.

Back-patch to all supported branches, like the previous commits.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15883.1504278595@sss.pgh.pa.us

Note that we no longer require any manual adjustments to shared-library
minor version numbers, cf commit a3bce17e.  So this should be everything.

Various bugs can cause crashes, so don't use that function before ICU
53.  It will fall back to the code path used for other encodings.

Since we now tie the function availability to an ICU version, we don't
need the configure test anymore.  That also resolves the issue that the
test result was previously hardcoded for Windows.

researched by Daniel Verite <daniel@manitou-mail.org>, Peter Geoghegan
<pg@bowt.ie>, Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/f1438ec6-22aa-4029-9a3b-26f79d330e72%40manitou-mail.org

The check for IPC::Run we added in commit c254970a is useful in simple
cases, but there are real use-cases where "prove" is coming from a
different Perl installation than the "perl" we want to use to build.
In such cases asking whether "perl" knows about IPC::Run is irrelevant
and can cause an unnecessary configure failure.  Hence, if user has
specified a value for PROVE, skip the IPC::Run check.  Per discussion
with Andrew Dunstan.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dcE5n-0005Sk-UE@gemulon.postgresql.org

Without ICU's header files, "configure --with-icu" would succeed anyway,
at least when using the non-pkgconfig-based setup.  Then you got a bunch of
ugly failures at build.  Add an explicit header check to tighten that up.

Peter Eisentraut noted that commit 40b9f192 had broken a configure
behavior that some people might rely on: AC_CHECK_PROGS(FOO,...) will
allow the search to be overridden by specifying a value for FOO on
configure's command line or in its environment, but AC_PATH_PROGS(FOO,...)
accepts such an override only if it's an absolute path.  We had worked
around that behavior for some, but not all, of the pre-existing uses
of AC_PATH_PROGS by just skipping the macro altogether when FOO is
already set.  Let's standardize on that workaround for all uses of
AC_PATH_PROGS, new and pre-existing, by wrapping AC_PATH_PROGS in a
new macro PGAC_PATH_PROGS.  While at it, fix a deficiency of the old
workaround code by making sure we report the setting to configure's log.

Eventually I'd like to improve PGAC_PATH_PROGS so that it converts
non-absolute override inputs to absolute form, eg "PYTHON=python3"
becomes, say, PYTHON = /usr/bin/python3.  But that will take some
nontrivial coding so it doesn't seem like a thing to do in late beta.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/90a92a7d-938e-507a-3bd7-ecd2b4004689@2ndquadrant.com

Previously we had a mix of uses of AC_CHECK_PROG[S] and AC_PATH_PROG[S].
The only difference between those macros is that the latter emits the
full path to the program it finds, eg "/usr/bin/prove", whereas the
former emits just "prove".  Let's standardize on always emitting the
full path; this is better for documentation of the build, and it might
prevent some types of failures if later build steps are done with
a different PATH setting.

I did not touch the AC_CHECK_PROG[S] calls in ax_pthread.m4 and
ax_prog_perl_modules.m4.  There seems no need to make those diverge from
upstream, since we do not record the programs sought by the former, while
the latter's call to AC_CHECK_PROG(PERL,...) will never be reached.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/25937.1501433410@sss.pgh.pa.us

The Perl documentation is very clear that stuff calling libperl should
be built with the compiler switches shown by Perl's $Config{ccflags}.
We'd been ignoring that up to now, and mostly getting away with it,
but recent Perl versions contain ABI compatibility cross-checks that
fail on some builds because of this omission.  In particular the
sizeof(PerlInterpreter) can come out different due to some fields being
added or removed; which means we have a live ABI hazard that we'd better
fix rather than continuing to sweep it under the rug.

However, it still seems like a bad idea to just absorb $Config{ccflags}
verbatim.  In some environments Perl was built with a different compiler
that doesn't even use the same switch syntax.  -D switch syntax is pretty
universal though, and absorbing Perl's -D switches really ought to be
enough to fix the problem.

Furthermore, Perl likes to inject stuff like -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE and
-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 into $Config{ccflags}, which affect libc ABIs on
platforms where they're relevant.  Adopting those seems dangerous too.
It's unclear whether a build wherein Perl and Postgres have different ideas
of sizeof(off_t) etc would work, or whether anyone would care about making
it work.  But it's dead certain that having different stdio ABIs in
core Postgres and PL/Perl will not work; we've seen that movie before.
Therefore, let's also ignore -D switches for symbols beginning with
underscore.  The symbols that we actually need to import should be the ones
mentioned in perl.h's PL_bincompat_options stanza, and none of those start
with underscore, so this seems likely to work.  (If it turns out not to
work everywhere, we could consider intersecting the symbols mentioned in
PL_bincompat_options with the -D switches.  But that will be much more
complicated, so let's try this way first.)

This will need to be back-patched, but first let's see what the
buildfarm makes of it.

Ashutosh Sharma, some adjustments by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CANFyU97OVQ3+Mzfmt3MhuUm5NwPU=-FtbNH5Eb7nZL9ua8=rcA@mail.gmail.com

The TAP tests mostly don't work without IPC::Run, and the reason for
the failure is not immediately obvious from the error messages you get.
So teach configure to reject --enable-tap-tests unless IPC::Run exists.
Mostly this just involves adding ax_prog_perl_modules.m4 from the GNU
autoconf archives.

This was discussed last year, but we held off on the theory that we might
be switching to CMake soon.  That's evidently not happening for v10,
so let's absorb this now.

Eugene Kazakov and Michael Paquier

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/56BDDC20.9020506@postgrespro.ru
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB7nPqRVKG_CR4Dy_AMfE6DXcr6F7ygy2goa2atJU4XkerDRUg@mail.gmail.com

This reverts commit 81069a9e.

Buildfarm results suggest that some platforms have versions of pselect(2)
that are not merely non-atomic, but flat out non-functional.  Revert the
use-pselect patch to confirm this diagnosis (and exclude the no-SA_RESTART
patch as the source of trouble).  If it's so, we should probably look into
blacklisting specific platforms that have broken pselect.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9696.1493072081@sss.pgh.pa.us

Traditionally we've unblocked signals, called select(2), and then blocked
signals again.  The code expects that the select() will be cancelled with
EINTR if an interrupt occurs; but there's a race condition, which is that
an already-pending signal will be delivered as soon as we unblock, and then
when we reach select() there will be nothing preventing it from waiting.
This can result in a long delay before we perform any action that
ServerLoop was supposed to have taken in response to the signal.  As with
the somewhat-similar symptoms fixed by commit 89390208, the main practical
problem is slow launching of parallel workers.  The window for trouble is
usually pretty short, corresponding to one iteration of ServerLoop; but
it's not negligible.

To fix, use pselect(2) in place of select(2) where available, as that's
designed to solve exactly this problem.  Where not available, we continue
to use the old way, and are no worse off than before.

pselect(2) has been required by POSIX since about 2001, so most modern
platforms should have it.  A bigger portability issue is that some
implementations are said to be non-atomic, ie pselect() isn't really
any different from unblock/select/reblock.  Still, we're no worse off
than before on such a platform.

There is talk of rewriting the postmaster to use a WaitEventSet and
not do signal response work in signal handlers, at which point this
could be reverted, since we'd be using a self-pipe to solve the race
condition.  But that's not happening before v11 at the earliest.

Back-patch to 9.6.  The problem exists much further back, but the
worst symptom arises only in connection with parallel query, so it
does not seem worth taking any portability risks in older branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9205.1492833041@sss.pgh.pa.us

poll.h is mandated by Single Unix Spec v2, the usual baseline for
postgres on unix.  None of the unixoid buildfarms animals has
sys/poll.h but not poll.h.  Therefore there's not much point to test
for sys/poll.h's existence and include it optionally.

Author: Andres Freund, per suggestion from Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20505.1492723662@sss.pgh.pa.us

All documentation is now built using XSLT.  Remove all references to
Jade, DSSSL, also JadeTex and some other outdated tooling.

For chunked HTML builds, this changes nothing, but removes the
transitional "oldhtml" target.  The single-page HTML build is ported
over to XSLT.  For PDF builds, this removes the JadeTex builds and moves
the FOP builds in their place.

Other part of Beena Emerson's patch to allow testing

copyObject() is declared to return void *, which allows easily assigning
the result independent of the input, but it loses all type checking.

If the compiler supports typeof or something similar, cast the result to
the input type.  This creates a greater amount of type safety.  In some
cases, where the result is assigned to a generic type such as Node * or
Expr *, new casts are now necessary, but in general casts are now
unnecessary in the normal case and indicate that something unusual is
happening.

Reviewed-by: Mark Dilger <hornschnorter@gmail.com>

Add a column collprovider to pg_collation that determines which library
provides the collation data.  The existing choices are default and libc,
and this adds an icu choice, which uses the ICU4C library.

The pg_locale_t type is changed to a union that contains the
provider-specific locale handles.  Users of locale information are
changed to look into that struct for the appropriate handle to use.

Also add a collversion column that records the version of the collation
when it is created, and check at run time whether it is still the same.
This detects potentially incompatible library upgrades that can corrupt
indexes and other structures.  This is currently only supported by
ICU-provided collations.

initdb initializes the default collation set as before from the `locale
-a` output but also adds all available ICU locales with a "-x-icu"
appended.

Currently, ICU-provided collations can only be explicitly named
collations.  The global database locales are still always libc-provided.

ICU support is enabled by configure --with-icu.

Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Karlsson <andreas@proxel.se>

We'll need this for the upcoming patch to speed up expression evaluation.
Might as well push it now to see if it behaves sanely in the buildfarm.

Andres Freund

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170320062511.hp5qeurtxrwsvfxr@alap3.anarazel.de

We had some AC_CHECK_HEADER tests that were really wastes of cycles,
because the code proceeded to #include those headers unconditionally
anyway, in all or a large majority of cases.  The lack of complaints
shows that those headers are available on every platform of interest,
so we might as well let configure run a bit faster by not probing
those headers at all.

I suspect that some of the tests I left alone are equally useless, but
since all the existing #includes of the remaining headers are properly
guarded, I didn't touch them.

Per discussion, the time has come to do this.  The handwriting has been
on the wall at least since 9.0 that this would happen someday, whenever
it got to be too much of a burden to support the float-timestamp option.
The triggering factor now is the discovery that there are multiple bugs
in the code that attempts to implement use of integer timestamps in the
replication protocol even when the server is built for float timestamps.
The internal float timestamps leak into the protocol fields in places.
While we could fix the identified bugs, there's a very high risk of
introducing more.  Trying to build a wall that would positively prevent
mixing integer and float timestamps is more complexity than we want to
undertake to maintain a long-deprecated option.  The fact that these
bugs weren't found through testing also indicates a lack of interest
in float timestamps.

This commit disables configure's --disable-integer-datetimes switch
(it'll still accept --enable-integer-datetimes, though), removes direct
references to USE_INTEGER_DATETIMES, and removes discussion of float
timestamps from the user documentation.  A considerable amount of code is
rendered dead by this, but removing that will occur as separate mop-up.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/26788.1487455319@sss.pgh.pa.us