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    e6faf910
    Redesign the plancache mechanism for more flexibility and efficiency. · e6faf910
    Tom Lane authored
    Rewrite plancache.c so that a "cached plan" (which is rather a misnomer
    at this point) can support generation of custom, parameter-value-dependent
    plans, and can make an intelligent choice between using custom plans and
    the traditional generic-plan approach.  The specific choice algorithm
    implemented here can probably be improved in future, but this commit is
    all about getting the mechanism in place, not the policy.
    
    In addition, restructure the API to greatly reduce the amount of extraneous
    data copying needed.  The main compromise needed to make that possible was
    to split the initial creation of a CachedPlanSource into two steps.  It's
    worth noting in particular that SPI_saveplan is now deprecated in favor of
    SPI_keepplan, which accomplishes the same end result with zero data
    copying, and no need to then spend even more cycles throwing away the
    original SPIPlan.  The risk of long-term memory leaks while manipulating
    SPIPlans has also been greatly reduced.  Most of this improvement is based
    on use of the recently-added MemoryContextSetParent primitive.
    e6faf910
    History
    Redesign the plancache mechanism for more flexibility and efficiency.
    Tom Lane authored
    Rewrite plancache.c so that a "cached plan" (which is rather a misnomer
    at this point) can support generation of custom, parameter-value-dependent
    plans, and can make an intelligent choice between using custom plans and
    the traditional generic-plan approach.  The specific choice algorithm
    implemented here can probably be improved in future, but this commit is
    all about getting the mechanism in place, not the policy.
    
    In addition, restructure the API to greatly reduce the amount of extraneous
    data copying needed.  The main compromise needed to make that possible was
    to split the initial creation of a CachedPlanSource into two steps.  It's
    worth noting in particular that SPI_saveplan is now deprecated in favor of
    SPI_keepplan, which accomplishes the same end result with zero data
    copying, and no need to then spend even more cycles throwing away the
    original SPIPlan.  The risk of long-term memory leaks while manipulating
    SPIPlans has also been greatly reduced.  Most of this improvement is based
    on use of the recently-added MemoryContextSetParent primitive.
parsenodes.h 87.25 KiB
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * parsenodes.h
 *	  definitions for parse tree nodes
 *
 * Many of the node types used in parsetrees include a "location" field.
 * This is a byte (not character) offset in the original source text, to be
 * used for positioning an error cursor when there is an error related to
 * the node.  Access to the original source text is needed to make use of
 * the location.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2011, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef PARSENODES_H
#define PARSENODES_H

#include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
#include "nodes/primnodes.h"
#include "nodes/value.h"

/* Possible sources of a Query */
typedef enum QuerySource
{
	QSRC_ORIGINAL,				/* original parsetree (explicit query) */
	QSRC_PARSER,				/* added by parse analysis (now unused) */
	QSRC_INSTEAD_RULE,			/* added by unconditional INSTEAD rule */
	QSRC_QUAL_INSTEAD_RULE,		/* added by conditional INSTEAD rule */
	QSRC_NON_INSTEAD_RULE		/* added by non-INSTEAD rule */
} QuerySource;

/* Sort ordering options for ORDER BY and CREATE INDEX */
typedef enum SortByDir
{
	SORTBY_DEFAULT,
	SORTBY_ASC,
	SORTBY_DESC,
	SORTBY_USING				/* not allowed in CREATE INDEX ... */
} SortByDir;

typedef enum SortByNulls
{
	SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT,
	SORTBY_NULLS_FIRST,
	SORTBY_NULLS_LAST
} SortByNulls;

/*
 * Grantable rights are encoded so that we can OR them together in a bitmask.
 * The present representation of AclItem limits us to 16 distinct rights,
 * even though AclMode is defined as uint32.  See utils/acl.h.
 *
 * Caution: changing these codes breaks stored ACLs, hence forces initdb.
 */
typedef uint32 AclMode;			/* a bitmask of privilege bits */

#define ACL_INSERT		(1<<0)	/* for relations */
#define ACL_SELECT		(1<<1)
#define ACL_UPDATE		(1<<2)
#define ACL_DELETE		(1<<3)
#define ACL_TRUNCATE	(1<<4)
#define ACL_REFERENCES	(1<<5)
#define ACL_TRIGGER		(1<<6)
#define ACL_EXECUTE		(1<<7)	/* for functions */
#define ACL_USAGE		(1<<8)	/* for languages, namespaces, FDWs, and
								 * servers */
#define ACL_CREATE		(1<<9)	/* for namespaces and databases */
#define ACL_CREATE_TEMP (1<<10) /* for databases */
#define ACL_CONNECT		(1<<11) /* for databases */
#define N_ACL_RIGHTS	12		/* 1 plus the last 1<<x */
#define ACL_NO_RIGHTS	0
/* Currently, SELECT ... FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE requires UPDATE privileges */
#define ACL_SELECT_FOR_UPDATE	ACL_UPDATE


/*****************************************************************************
 *	Query Tree
 *****************************************************************************/

/*
 * Query -
 *	  Parse analysis turns all statements into a Query tree (via transformStmt)
 *	  for further processing by the rewriter and planner.
 *
 *	  Utility statements (i.e. non-optimizable statements) have the
 *	  utilityStmt field set, and the Query itself is mostly dummy.
 *	  DECLARE CURSOR is a special case: it is represented like a SELECT,
 *	  but the original DeclareCursorStmt is stored in utilityStmt.
 *
 *	  Planning converts a Query tree into a Plan tree headed by a PlannedStmt
 *	  node --- the Query structure is not used by the executor.
 */
typedef struct Query
{
	NodeTag		type;

	CmdType		commandType;	/* select|insert|update|delete|utility */

	QuerySource querySource;	/* where did I come from? */

	bool		canSetTag;		/* do I set the command result tag? */

	Node	   *utilityStmt;	/* non-null if this is DECLARE CURSOR or a
								 * non-optimizable statement */

	int			resultRelation; /* rtable index of target relation for
								 * INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE; 0 for SELECT */

	IntoClause *intoClause;		/* target for SELECT INTO / CREATE TABLE AS */

	bool		hasAggs;		/* has aggregates in tlist or havingQual */
	bool		hasWindowFuncs; /* has window functions in tlist */
	bool		hasSubLinks;	/* has subquery SubLink */
	bool		hasDistinctOn;	/* distinctClause is from DISTINCT ON */
	bool		hasRecursive;	/* WITH RECURSIVE was specified */
	bool		hasModifyingCTE;	/* has INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE in WITH */
	bool		hasForUpdate;	/* FOR UPDATE or FOR SHARE was specified */

	List	   *cteList;		/* WITH list (of CommonTableExpr's) */

	List	   *rtable;			/* list of range table entries */
	FromExpr   *jointree;		/* table join tree (FROM and WHERE clauses) */

	List	   *targetList;		/* target list (of TargetEntry) */

	List	   *returningList;	/* return-values list (of TargetEntry) */

	List	   *groupClause;	/* a list of SortGroupClause's */

	Node	   *havingQual;		/* qualifications applied to groups */

	List	   *windowClause;	/* a list of WindowClause's */

	List	   *distinctClause; /* a list of SortGroupClause's */
	List	   *sortClause;		/* a list of SortGroupClause's */

	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* # of result tuples to skip (int8 expr) */
	Node	   *limitCount;		/* # of result tuples to return (int8 expr) */

	List	   *rowMarks;		/* a list of RowMarkClause's */

	Node	   *setOperations;	/* set-operation tree if this is top level of
								 * a UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT query */

	List	   *constraintDeps; /* a list of pg_constraint OIDs that the query
								 * depends on to be semantically valid */
} Query;


/****************************************************************************
 *	Supporting data structures for Parse Trees
 *
 *	Most of these node types appear in raw parsetrees output by the grammar,
 *	and get transformed to something else by the analyzer.	A few of them
 *	are used as-is in transformed querytrees.
 ****************************************************************************/

/*
 * TypeName - specifies a type in definitions
 *
 * For TypeName structures generated internally, it is often easier to
 * specify the type by OID than by name.  If "names" is NIL then the
 * actual type OID is given by typeOid, otherwise typeOid is unused.
 * Similarly, if "typmods" is NIL then the actual typmod is expected to
 * be prespecified in typemod, otherwise typemod is unused.
 *
 * If pct_type is TRUE, then names is actually a field name and we look up
 * the type of that field.	Otherwise (the normal case), names is a type
 * name possibly qualified with schema and database name.
 */
typedef struct TypeName
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *names;			/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	Oid			typeOid;		/* type identified by OID */
	bool		setof;			/* is a set? */
	bool		pct_type;		/* %TYPE specified? */
	List	   *typmods;		/* type modifier expression(s) */
	int32		typemod;		/* prespecified type modifier */
	List	   *arrayBounds;	/* array bounds */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} TypeName;

/*
 * ColumnRef - specifies a reference to a column, or possibly a whole tuple
 *
 * The "fields" list must be nonempty.	It can contain string Value nodes
 * (representing names) and A_Star nodes (representing occurrence of a '*').
 * Currently, A_Star must appear only as the last list element --- the grammar
 * is responsible for enforcing this!
 *
 * Note: any array subscripting or selection of fields from composite columns
 * is represented by an A_Indirection node above the ColumnRef.  However,
 * for simplicity in the normal case, initial field selection from a table
 * name is represented within ColumnRef and not by adding A_Indirection.
 */
typedef struct ColumnRef
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *fields;			/* field names (Value strings) or A_Star */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} ColumnRef;

/*
 * ParamRef - specifies a $n parameter reference
 */
typedef struct ParamRef
{
	NodeTag		type;
	int			number;			/* the number of the parameter */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} ParamRef;

/*
 * A_Expr - infix, prefix, and postfix expressions
 */
typedef enum A_Expr_Kind
{
	AEXPR_OP,					/* normal operator */
	AEXPR_AND,					/* booleans - name field is unused */
	AEXPR_OR,
	AEXPR_NOT,
	AEXPR_OP_ANY,				/* scalar op ANY (array) */
	AEXPR_OP_ALL,				/* scalar op ALL (array) */
	AEXPR_DISTINCT,				/* IS DISTINCT FROM - name must be "=" */
	AEXPR_NULLIF,				/* NULLIF - name must be "=" */
	AEXPR_OF,					/* IS [NOT] OF - name must be "=" or "<>" */
	AEXPR_IN					/* [NOT] IN - name must be "=" or "<>" */
} A_Expr_Kind;

typedef struct A_Expr
{
	NodeTag		type;
	A_Expr_Kind kind;			/* see above */
	List	   *name;			/* possibly-qualified name of operator */
	Node	   *lexpr;			/* left argument, or NULL if none */
	Node	   *rexpr;			/* right argument, or NULL if none */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} A_Expr;

/*
 * A_Const - a literal constant
 */
typedef struct A_Const
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Value		val;			/* value (includes type info, see value.h) */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} A_Const;

/*
 * TypeCast - a CAST expression
 */
typedef struct TypeCast
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *arg;			/* the expression being casted */
	TypeName   *typeName;		/* the target type */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} TypeCast;

/*
 * CollateClause - a COLLATE expression
 */
typedef struct CollateClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *arg;			/* input expression */
	List	   *collname;		/* possibly-qualified collation name */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} CollateClause;

/*
 * FuncCall - a function or aggregate invocation
 *
 * agg_order (if not NIL) indicates we saw 'foo(... ORDER BY ...)'.
 * agg_star indicates we saw a 'foo(*)' construct, while agg_distinct
 * indicates we saw 'foo(DISTINCT ...)'.  In any of these cases, the
 * construct *must* be an aggregate call.  Otherwise, it might be either an
 * aggregate or some other kind of function.  However, if OVER is present
 * it had better be an aggregate or window function.
 */
typedef struct FuncCall
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *funcname;		/* qualified name of function */
	List	   *args;			/* the arguments (list of exprs) */
	List	   *agg_order;		/* ORDER BY (list of SortBy) */
	bool		agg_star;		/* argument was really '*' */
	bool		agg_distinct;	/* arguments were labeled DISTINCT */
	bool		func_variadic;	/* last argument was labeled VARIADIC */
	struct WindowDef *over;		/* OVER clause, if any */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} FuncCall;

/*
 * A_Star - '*' representing all columns of a table or compound field
 *
 * This can appear within ColumnRef.fields, A_Indirection.indirection, and
 * ResTarget.indirection lists.
 */
typedef struct A_Star
{
	NodeTag		type;
} A_Star;

/*
 * A_Indices - array subscript or slice bounds ([lidx:uidx] or [uidx])
 */
typedef struct A_Indices
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *lidx;			/* NULL if it's a single subscript */
	Node	   *uidx;
} A_Indices;

/*
 * A_Indirection - select a field and/or array element from an expression
 *
 * The indirection list can contain A_Indices nodes (representing
 * subscripting), string Value nodes (representing field selection --- the
 * string value is the name of the field to select), and A_Star nodes
 * (representing selection of all fields of a composite type).
 * For example, a complex selection operation like
 *				(foo).field1[42][7].field2
 * would be represented with a single A_Indirection node having a 4-element
 * indirection list.
 *
 * Currently, A_Star must appear only as the last list element --- the grammar
 * is responsible for enforcing this!
 */
typedef struct A_Indirection
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *arg;			/* the thing being selected from */
	List	   *indirection;	/* subscripts and/or field names and/or * */
} A_Indirection;

/*
 * A_ArrayExpr - an ARRAY[] construct
 */
typedef struct A_ArrayExpr
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *elements;		/* array element expressions */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} A_ArrayExpr;

/*
 * ResTarget -
 *	  result target (used in target list of pre-transformed parse trees)
 *
 * In a SELECT target list, 'name' is the column label from an
 * 'AS ColumnLabel' clause, or NULL if there was none, and 'val' is the
 * value expression itself.  The 'indirection' field is not used.
 *
 * INSERT uses ResTarget in its target-column-names list.  Here, 'name' is
 * the name of the destination column, 'indirection' stores any subscripts
 * attached to the destination, and 'val' is not used.
 *
 * In an UPDATE target list, 'name' is the name of the destination column,
 * 'indirection' stores any subscripts attached to the destination, and
 * 'val' is the expression to assign.
 *
 * See A_Indirection for more info about what can appear in 'indirection'.
 */
typedef struct ResTarget
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* column name or NULL */
	List	   *indirection;	/* subscripts, field names, and '*', or NIL */
	Node	   *val;			/* the value expression to compute or assign */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} ResTarget;

/*
 * SortBy - for ORDER BY clause
 */
typedef struct SortBy
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *node;			/* expression to sort on */
	SortByDir	sortby_dir;		/* ASC/DESC/USING/default */
	SortByNulls sortby_nulls;	/* NULLS FIRST/LAST */
	List	   *useOp;			/* name of op to use, if SORTBY_USING */
	int			location;		/* operator location, or -1 if none/unknown */
} SortBy;

/*
 * WindowDef - raw representation of WINDOW and OVER clauses
 *
 * For entries in a WINDOW list, "name" is the window name being defined.
 * For OVER clauses, we use "name" for the "OVER window" syntax, or "refname"
 * for the "OVER (window)" syntax, which is subtly different --- the latter
 * implies overriding the window frame clause.
 */
typedef struct WindowDef
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* window's own name */
	char	   *refname;		/* referenced window name, if any */
	List	   *partitionClause;	/* PARTITION BY expression list */
	List	   *orderClause;	/* ORDER BY (list of SortBy) */
	int			frameOptions;	/* frame_clause options, see below */
	Node	   *startOffset;	/* expression for starting bound, if any */
	Node	   *endOffset;		/* expression for ending bound, if any */
	int			location;		/* parse location, or -1 if none/unknown */
} WindowDef;

/*
 * frameOptions is an OR of these bits.  The NONDEFAULT and BETWEEN bits are
 * used so that ruleutils.c can tell which properties were specified and
 * which were defaulted; the correct behavioral bits must be set either way.
 * The START_foo and END_foo options must come in pairs of adjacent bits for
 * the convenience of gram.y, even though some of them are useless/invalid.
 * We will need more bits (and fields) to cover the full SQL:2008 option set.
 */
#define FRAMEOPTION_NONDEFAULT					0x00001 /* any specified? */
#define FRAMEOPTION_RANGE						0x00002 /* RANGE behavior */
#define FRAMEOPTION_ROWS						0x00004 /* ROWS behavior */
#define FRAMEOPTION_BETWEEN						0x00008 /* BETWEEN given? */
#define FRAMEOPTION_START_UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING	0x00010 /* start is U. P. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING		0x00020 /* (disallowed) */
#define FRAMEOPTION_START_UNBOUNDED_FOLLOWING	0x00040 /* (disallowed) */
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_UNBOUNDED_FOLLOWING		0x00080 /* end is U. F. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_START_CURRENT_ROW			0x00100 /* start is C. R. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_CURRENT_ROW				0x00200 /* end is C. R. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_START_VALUE_PRECEDING		0x00400 /* start is V. P. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_VALUE_PRECEDING			0x00800 /* end is V. P. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_START_VALUE_FOLLOWING		0x01000 /* start is V. F. */
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_VALUE_FOLLOWING			0x02000 /* end is V. F. */

#define FRAMEOPTION_START_VALUE \
	(FRAMEOPTION_START_VALUE_PRECEDING | FRAMEOPTION_START_VALUE_FOLLOWING)
#define FRAMEOPTION_END_VALUE \
	(FRAMEOPTION_END_VALUE_PRECEDING | FRAMEOPTION_END_VALUE_FOLLOWING)

#define FRAMEOPTION_DEFAULTS \
	(FRAMEOPTION_RANGE | FRAMEOPTION_START_UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING | \
	 FRAMEOPTION_END_CURRENT_ROW)

/*
 * RangeSubselect - subquery appearing in a FROM clause
 */
typedef struct RangeSubselect
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *subquery;		/* the untransformed sub-select clause */
	Alias	   *alias;			/* table alias & optional column aliases */
} RangeSubselect;

/*
 * RangeFunction - function call appearing in a FROM clause
 */
typedef struct RangeFunction
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *funccallnode;	/* untransformed function call tree */
	Alias	   *alias;			/* table alias & optional column aliases */
	List	   *coldeflist;		/* list of ColumnDef nodes to describe result
								 * of function returning RECORD */
} RangeFunction;

/*
 * ColumnDef - column definition (used in various creates)
 *
 * If the column has a default value, we may have the value expression
 * in either "raw" form (an untransformed parse tree) or "cooked" form
 * (a post-parse-analysis, executable expression tree), depending on
 * how this ColumnDef node was created (by parsing, or by inheritance
 * from an existing relation).	We should never have both in the same node!
 *
 * Similarly, we may have a COLLATE specification in either raw form
 * (represented as a CollateClause with arg==NULL) or cooked form
 * (the collation's OID).
 *
 * The constraints list may contain a CONSTR_DEFAULT item in a raw
 * parsetree produced by gram.y, but transformCreateStmt will remove
 * the item and set raw_default instead.  CONSTR_DEFAULT items
 * should not appear in any subsequent processing.
 */
typedef struct ColumnDef
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *colname;		/* name of column */
	TypeName   *typeName;		/* type of column */
	int			inhcount;		/* number of times column is inherited */
	bool		is_local;		/* column has local (non-inherited) def'n */
	bool		is_not_null;	/* NOT NULL constraint specified? */
	bool		is_from_type;	/* column definition came from table type */
	char		storage;		/* attstorage setting, or 0 for default */
	Node	   *raw_default;	/* default value (untransformed parse tree) */
	Node	   *cooked_default; /* default value (transformed expr tree) */
	CollateClause *collClause;	/* untransformed COLLATE spec, if any */
	Oid			collOid;		/* collation OID (InvalidOid if not set) */
	List	   *constraints;	/* other constraints on column */
	List	   *fdwoptions;		/* per-column FDW options */
} ColumnDef;

/*
 * inhRelation - Relation a CREATE TABLE is to inherit attributes of
 */
typedef struct InhRelation
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;
	bits32		options;		/* OR of CreateStmtLikeOption flags */
} InhRelation;

typedef enum CreateStmtLikeOption
{
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_DEFAULTS = 1 << 0,
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_CONSTRAINTS = 1 << 1,
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_INDEXES = 1 << 2,
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_STORAGE = 1 << 3,
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_COMMENTS = 1 << 4,
	CREATE_TABLE_LIKE_ALL = 0x7FFFFFFF
} CreateStmtLikeOption;

/*
 * IndexElem - index parameters (used in CREATE INDEX)
 *
 * For a plain index attribute, 'name' is the name of the table column to
 * index, and 'expr' is NULL.  For an index expression, 'name' is NULL and
 * 'expr' is the expression tree.
 */
typedef struct IndexElem
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* name of attribute to index, or NULL */
	Node	   *expr;			/* expression to index, or NULL */
	char	   *indexcolname;	/* name for index column; NULL = default */
	List	   *collation;		/* name of collation; NIL = default */
	List	   *opclass;		/* name of desired opclass; NIL = default */
	SortByDir	ordering;		/* ASC/DESC/default */
	SortByNulls nulls_ordering; /* FIRST/LAST/default */
} IndexElem;

/*
 * DefElem - a generic "name = value" option definition
 *
 * In some contexts the name can be qualified.	Also, certain SQL commands
 * allow a SET/ADD/DROP action to be attached to option settings, so it's
 * convenient to carry a field for that too.  (Note: currently, it is our
 * practice that the grammar allows namespace and action only in statements
 * where they are relevant; C code can just ignore those fields in other
 * statements.)
 */
typedef enum DefElemAction
{
	DEFELEM_UNSPEC,				/* no action given */
	DEFELEM_SET,
	DEFELEM_ADD,
	DEFELEM_DROP
} DefElemAction;

typedef struct DefElem
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *defnamespace;	/* NULL if unqualified name */
	char	   *defname;
	Node	   *arg;			/* a (Value *) or a (TypeName *) */
	DefElemAction defaction;	/* unspecified action, or SET/ADD/DROP */
} DefElem;

/*
 * LockingClause - raw representation of FOR UPDATE/SHARE options
 *
 * Note: lockedRels == NIL means "all relations in query".	Otherwise it
 * is a list of RangeVar nodes.  (We use RangeVar mainly because it carries
 * a location field --- currently, parse analysis insists on unqualified
 * names in LockingClause.)
 */
typedef struct LockingClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *lockedRels;		/* FOR UPDATE or FOR SHARE relations */
	bool		forUpdate;		/* true = FOR UPDATE, false = FOR SHARE */
	bool		noWait;			/* NOWAIT option */
} LockingClause;

/*
 * XMLSERIALIZE (in raw parse tree only)
 */
typedef struct XmlSerialize
{
	NodeTag		type;
	XmlOptionType xmloption;	/* DOCUMENT or CONTENT */
	Node	   *expr;
	TypeName   *typeName;
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} XmlSerialize;


/****************************************************************************
 *	Nodes for a Query tree
 ****************************************************************************/

/*--------------------
 * RangeTblEntry -
 *	  A range table is a List of RangeTblEntry nodes.
 *
 *	  A range table entry may represent a plain relation, a sub-select in
 *	  FROM, or the result of a JOIN clause.  (Only explicit JOIN syntax
 *	  produces an RTE, not the implicit join resulting from multiple FROM
 *	  items.  This is because we only need the RTE to deal with SQL features
 *	  like outer joins and join-output-column aliasing.)  Other special
 *	  RTE types also exist, as indicated by RTEKind.
 *
 *	  Note that we consider RTE_RELATION to cover anything that has a pg_class
 *	  entry.  relkind distinguishes the sub-cases.
 *
 *	  alias is an Alias node representing the AS alias-clause attached to the
 *	  FROM expression, or NULL if no clause.
 *
 *	  eref is the table reference name and column reference names (either
 *	  real or aliases).  Note that system columns (OID etc) are not included
 *	  in the column list.
 *	  eref->aliasname is required to be present, and should generally be used
 *	  to identify the RTE for error messages etc.
 *
 *	  In RELATION RTEs, the colnames in both alias and eref are indexed by
 *	  physical attribute number; this means there must be colname entries for
 *	  dropped columns.	When building an RTE we insert empty strings ("") for
 *	  dropped columns.	Note however that a stored rule may have nonempty
 *	  colnames for columns dropped since the rule was created (and for that
 *	  matter the colnames might be out of date due to column renamings).
 *	  The same comments apply to FUNCTION RTEs when the function's return type
 *	  is a named composite type.
 *
 *	  In JOIN RTEs, the colnames in both alias and eref are one-to-one with
 *	  joinaliasvars entries.  A JOIN RTE will omit columns of its inputs when
 *	  those columns are known to be dropped at parse time.	Again, however,
 *	  a stored rule might contain entries for columns dropped since the rule
 *	  was created.	(This is only possible for columns not actually referenced
 *	  in the rule.)  When loading a stored rule, we replace the joinaliasvars
 *	  items for any such columns with NULL Consts.	(We can't simply delete
 *	  them from the joinaliasvars list, because that would affect the attnums
 *	  of Vars referencing the rest of the list.)
 *
 *	  inh is TRUE for relation references that should be expanded to include
 *	  inheritance children, if the rel has any.  This *must* be FALSE for
 *	  RTEs other than RTE_RELATION entries.
 *
 *	  inFromCl marks those range variables that are listed in the FROM clause.
 *	  It's false for RTEs that are added to a query behind the scenes, such
 *	  as the NEW and OLD variables for a rule, or the subqueries of a UNION.
 *	  This flag is not used anymore during parsing, since the parser now uses
 *	  a separate "namespace" data structure to control visibility, but it is
 *	  needed by ruleutils.c to determine whether RTEs should be shown in
 *	  decompiled queries.
 *
 *	  requiredPerms and checkAsUser specify run-time access permissions
 *	  checks to be performed at query startup.	The user must have *all*
 *	  of the permissions that are OR'd together in requiredPerms (zero
 *	  indicates no permissions checking).  If checkAsUser is not zero,
 *	  then do the permissions checks using the access rights of that user,
 *	  not the current effective user ID.  (This allows rules to act as
 *	  setuid gateways.)  Permissions checks only apply to RELATION RTEs.
 *
 *	  For SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE permissions, if the user doesn't have
 *	  table-wide permissions then it is sufficient to have the permissions
 *	  on all columns identified in selectedCols (for SELECT) and/or
 *	  modifiedCols (for INSERT/UPDATE; we can tell which from the query type).
 *	  selectedCols and modifiedCols are bitmapsets, which cannot have negative
 *	  integer members, so we subtract FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber from
 *	  column numbers before storing them in these fields.  A whole-row Var
 *	  reference is represented by setting the bit for InvalidAttrNumber.
 *--------------------
 */
typedef enum RTEKind
{
	RTE_RELATION,				/* ordinary relation reference */
	RTE_SUBQUERY,				/* subquery in FROM */
	RTE_JOIN,					/* join */
	RTE_FUNCTION,				/* function in FROM */
	RTE_VALUES,					/* VALUES (<exprlist>), (<exprlist>), ... */
	RTE_CTE						/* common table expr (WITH list element) */
} RTEKind;

typedef struct RangeTblEntry
{
	NodeTag		type;

	RTEKind		rtekind;		/* see above */

	/*
	 * XXX the fields applicable to only some rte kinds should be merged into
	 * a union.  I didn't do this yet because the diffs would impact a lot of
	 * code that is being actively worked on.  FIXME someday.
	 */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a plain relation RTE (else zero):
	 */
	Oid			relid;			/* OID of the relation */
	char		relkind;		/* relation kind (see pg_class.relkind) */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a subquery RTE (else NULL):
	 */
	Query	   *subquery;		/* the sub-query */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a join RTE (else NULL/zero):
	 *
	 * joinaliasvars is a list of Vars or COALESCE expressions corresponding
	 * to the columns of the join result.  An alias Var referencing column K
	 * of the join result can be replaced by the K'th element of joinaliasvars
	 * --- but to simplify the task of reverse-listing aliases correctly, we
	 * do not do that until planning time.	In a Query loaded from a stored
	 * rule, it is also possible for joinaliasvars items to be NULL Consts,
	 * denoting columns dropped since the rule was made.
	 */
	JoinType	jointype;		/* type of join */
	List	   *joinaliasvars;	/* list of alias-var expansions */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a function RTE (else NULL):
	 *
	 * If the function returns RECORD, funccoltypes lists the column types
	 * declared in the RTE's column type specification, funccoltypmods lists
	 * their declared typmods, funccolcollations their collations.	Otherwise,
	 * those fields are NIL.
	 */
	Node	   *funcexpr;		/* expression tree for func call */
	List	   *funccoltypes;	/* OID list of column type OIDs */
	List	   *funccoltypmods; /* integer list of column typmods */
	List	   *funccolcollations;		/* OID list of column collation OIDs */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a values RTE (else NIL):
	 */
	List	   *values_lists;	/* list of expression lists */
	List	   *values_collations;		/* OID list of column collation OIDs */

	/*
	 * Fields valid for a CTE RTE (else NULL/zero):
	 */
	char	   *ctename;		/* name of the WITH list item */
	Index		ctelevelsup;	/* number of query levels up */
	bool		self_reference; /* is this a recursive self-reference? */
	List	   *ctecoltypes;	/* OID list of column type OIDs */
	List	   *ctecoltypmods;	/* integer list of column typmods */
	List	   *ctecolcollations;		/* OID list of column collation OIDs */

	/*
	 * Fields valid in all RTEs:
	 */
	Alias	   *alias;			/* user-written alias clause, if any */
	Alias	   *eref;			/* expanded reference names */
	bool		inh;			/* inheritance requested? */
	bool		inFromCl;		/* present in FROM clause? */
	AclMode		requiredPerms;	/* bitmask of required access permissions */
	Oid			checkAsUser;	/* if valid, check access as this role */
	Bitmapset  *selectedCols;	/* columns needing SELECT permission */
	Bitmapset  *modifiedCols;	/* columns needing INSERT/UPDATE permission */
} RangeTblEntry;

/*
 * SortGroupClause -
 *		representation of ORDER BY, GROUP BY, PARTITION BY,
 *		DISTINCT, DISTINCT ON items
 *
 * You might think that ORDER BY is only interested in defining ordering,
 * and GROUP/DISTINCT are only interested in defining equality.  However,
 * one way to implement grouping is to sort and then apply a "uniq"-like
 * filter.	So it's also interesting to keep track of possible sort operators
 * for GROUP/DISTINCT, and in particular to try to sort for the grouping
 * in a way that will also yield a requested ORDER BY ordering.  So we need
 * to be able to compare ORDER BY and GROUP/DISTINCT lists, which motivates
 * the decision to give them the same representation.
 *
 * tleSortGroupRef must match ressortgroupref of exactly one entry of the
 *		query's targetlist; that is the expression to be sorted or grouped by.
 * eqop is the OID of the equality operator.
 * sortop is the OID of the ordering operator (a "<" or ">" operator),
 *		or InvalidOid if not available.
 * nulls_first means about what you'd expect.  If sortop is InvalidOid
 *		then nulls_first is meaningless and should be set to false.
 * hashable is TRUE if eqop is hashable (note this condition also depends
 *		on the datatype of the input expression).
 *
 * In an ORDER BY item, all fields must be valid.  (The eqop isn't essential
 * here, but it's cheap to get it along with the sortop, and requiring it
 * to be valid eases comparisons to grouping items.)  Note that this isn't
 * actually enough information to determine an ordering: if the sortop is
 * collation-sensitive, a collation OID is needed too.	We don't store the
 * collation in SortGroupClause because it's not available at the time the
 * parser builds the SortGroupClause; instead, consult the exposed collation
 * of the referenced targetlist expression to find out what it is.
 *
 * In a grouping item, eqop must be valid.	If the eqop is a btree equality
 * operator, then sortop should be set to a compatible ordering operator.
 * We prefer to set eqop/sortop/nulls_first to match any ORDER BY item that
 * the query presents for the same tlist item.	If there is none, we just
 * use the default ordering op for the datatype.
 *
 * If the tlist item's type has a hash opclass but no btree opclass, then
 * we will set eqop to the hash equality operator, sortop to InvalidOid,
 * and nulls_first to false.  A grouping item of this kind can only be
 * implemented by hashing, and of course it'll never match an ORDER BY item.
 *
 * The hashable flag is provided since we generally have the requisite
 * information readily available when the SortGroupClause is constructed,
 * and it's relatively expensive to get it again later.  Note there is no
 * need for a "sortable" flag since OidIsValid(sortop) serves the purpose.
 *
 * A query might have both ORDER BY and DISTINCT (or DISTINCT ON) clauses.
 * In SELECT DISTINCT, the distinctClause list is as long or longer than the
 * sortClause list, while in SELECT DISTINCT ON it's typically shorter.
 * The two lists must match up to the end of the shorter one --- the parser
 * rearranges the distinctClause if necessary to make this true.  (This
 * restriction ensures that only one sort step is needed to both satisfy the
 * ORDER BY and set up for the Unique step.  This is semantically necessary
 * for DISTINCT ON, and presents no real drawback for DISTINCT.)
 */
typedef struct SortGroupClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Index		tleSortGroupRef;	/* reference into targetlist */
	Oid			eqop;			/* the equality operator ('=' op) */
	Oid			sortop;			/* the ordering operator ('<' op), or 0 */
	bool		nulls_first;	/* do NULLs come before normal values? */
	bool		hashable;		/* can eqop be implemented by hashing? */
} SortGroupClause;

/*
 * WindowClause -
 *		transformed representation of WINDOW and OVER clauses
 *
 * A parsed Query's windowClause list contains these structs.  "name" is set
 * if the clause originally came from WINDOW, and is NULL if it originally
 * was an OVER clause (but note that we collapse out duplicate OVERs).
 * partitionClause and orderClause are lists of SortGroupClause structs.
 * winref is an ID number referenced by WindowFunc nodes; it must be unique
 * among the members of a Query's windowClause list.
 * When refname isn't null, the partitionClause is always copied from there;
 * the orderClause might or might not be copied (see copiedOrder); the framing
 * options are never copied, per spec.
 */
typedef struct WindowClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* window name (NULL in an OVER clause) */
	char	   *refname;		/* referenced window name, if any */
	List	   *partitionClause;	/* PARTITION BY list */
	List	   *orderClause;	/* ORDER BY list */
	int			frameOptions;	/* frame_clause options, see WindowDef */
	Node	   *startOffset;	/* expression for starting bound, if any */
	Node	   *endOffset;		/* expression for ending bound, if any */
	Index		winref;			/* ID referenced by window functions */
	bool		copiedOrder;	/* did we copy orderClause from refname? */
} WindowClause;

/*
 * RowMarkClause -
 *	   parser output representation of FOR UPDATE/SHARE clauses
 *
 * Query.rowMarks contains a separate RowMarkClause node for each relation
 * identified as a FOR UPDATE/SHARE target.  If FOR UPDATE/SHARE is applied
 * to a subquery, we generate RowMarkClauses for all normal and subquery rels
 * in the subquery, but they are marked pushedDown = true to distinguish them
 * from clauses that were explicitly written at this query level.  Also,
 * Query.hasForUpdate tells whether there were explicit FOR UPDATE/SHARE
 * clauses in the current query level.
 */
typedef struct RowMarkClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Index		rti;			/* range table index of target relation */
	bool		forUpdate;		/* true = FOR UPDATE, false = FOR SHARE */
	bool		noWait;			/* NOWAIT option */
	bool		pushedDown;		/* pushed down from higher query level? */
} RowMarkClause;

/*
 * WithClause -
 *	   representation of WITH clause
 *
 * Note: WithClause does not propagate into the Query representation;
 * but CommonTableExpr does.
 */
typedef struct WithClause
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *ctes;			/* list of CommonTableExprs */
	bool		recursive;		/* true = WITH RECURSIVE */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
} WithClause;

/*
 * CommonTableExpr -
 *	   representation of WITH list element
 *
 * We don't currently support the SEARCH or CYCLE clause.
 */
typedef struct CommonTableExpr
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *ctename;		/* query name (never qualified) */
	List	   *aliascolnames;	/* optional list of column names */
	/* SelectStmt/InsertStmt/etc before parse analysis, Query afterwards: */
	Node	   *ctequery;		/* the CTE's subquery */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */
	/* These fields are set during parse analysis: */
	bool		cterecursive;	/* is this CTE actually recursive? */
	int			cterefcount;	/* number of RTEs referencing this CTE
								 * (excluding internal self-references) */
	List	   *ctecolnames;	/* list of output column names */
	List	   *ctecoltypes;	/* OID list of output column type OIDs */
	List	   *ctecoltypmods;	/* integer list of output column typmods */
	List	   *ctecolcollations;		/* OID list of column collation OIDs */
} CommonTableExpr;

/* Convenience macro to get the output tlist of a CTE's query */
#define GetCTETargetList(cte) \
	(AssertMacro(IsA((cte)->ctequery, Query)), \
	 ((Query *) (cte)->ctequery)->commandType == CMD_SELECT ? \
	 ((Query *) (cte)->ctequery)->targetList : \
	 ((Query *) (cte)->ctequery)->returningList)


/*****************************************************************************
 *		Optimizable Statements
 *****************************************************************************/

/* ----------------------
 *		Insert Statement
 *
 * The source expression is represented by SelectStmt for both the
 * SELECT and VALUES cases.  If selectStmt is NULL, then the query
 * is INSERT ... DEFAULT VALUES.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct InsertStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation to insert into */
	List	   *cols;			/* optional: names of the target columns */
	Node	   *selectStmt;		/* the source SELECT/VALUES, or NULL */
	List	   *returningList;	/* list of expressions to return */
	WithClause *withClause;		/* WITH clause */
} InsertStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Delete Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DeleteStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation to delete from */
	List	   *usingClause;	/* optional using clause for more tables */
	Node	   *whereClause;	/* qualifications */
	List	   *returningList;	/* list of expressions to return */
	WithClause *withClause;		/* WITH clause */
} DeleteStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Update Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct UpdateStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation to update */
	List	   *targetList;		/* the target list (of ResTarget) */
	Node	   *whereClause;	/* qualifications */
	List	   *fromClause;		/* optional from clause for more tables */
	List	   *returningList;	/* list of expressions to return */
	WithClause *withClause;		/* WITH clause */
} UpdateStmt;
/* ----------------------
 *		Select Statement
 *
 * A "simple" SELECT is represented in the output of gram.y by a single
 * SelectStmt node; so is a VALUES construct.  A query containing set
 * operators (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT) is represented by a tree of SelectStmt
 * nodes, in which the leaf nodes are component SELECTs and the internal nodes
 * represent UNION, INTERSECT, or EXCEPT operators.  Using the same node
 * type for both leaf and internal nodes allows gram.y to stick ORDER BY,
 * LIMIT, etc, clause values into a SELECT statement without worrying
 * whether it is a simple or compound SELECT.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum SetOperation
{
	SETOP_NONE = 0,
	SETOP_UNION,
	SETOP_INTERSECT,
	SETOP_EXCEPT
} SetOperation;

typedef struct SelectStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;

	/*
	 * These fields are used only in "leaf" SelectStmts.
	 */
	List	   *distinctClause; /* NULL, list of DISTINCT ON exprs, or
								 * lcons(NIL,NIL) for all (SELECT DISTINCT) */
	IntoClause *intoClause;		/* target for SELECT INTO / CREATE TABLE AS */
	List	   *targetList;		/* the target list (of ResTarget) */
	List	   *fromClause;		/* the FROM clause */
	Node	   *whereClause;	/* WHERE qualification */
	List	   *groupClause;	/* GROUP BY clauses */
	Node	   *havingClause;	/* HAVING conditional-expression */
	List	   *windowClause;	/* WINDOW window_name AS (...), ... */
	WithClause *withClause;		/* WITH clause */

	/*
	 * In a "leaf" node representing a VALUES list, the above fields are all
	 * null, and instead this field is set.  Note that the elements of the
	 * sublists are just expressions, without ResTarget decoration. Also note
	 * that a list element can be DEFAULT (represented as a SetToDefault
	 * node), regardless of the context of the VALUES list. It's up to parse
	 * analysis to reject that where not valid.
	 */
	List	   *valuesLists;	/* untransformed list of expression lists */

	/*
	 * These fields are used in both "leaf" SelectStmts and upper-level
	 * SelectStmts.
	 */
	List	   *sortClause;		/* sort clause (a list of SortBy's) */
	Node	   *limitOffset;	/* # of result tuples to skip */
	Node	   *limitCount;		/* # of result tuples to return */
	List	   *lockingClause;	/* FOR UPDATE (list of LockingClause's) */

	/*
	 * These fields are used only in upper-level SelectStmts.
	 */
	SetOperation op;			/* type of set op */
	bool		all;			/* ALL specified? */
	struct SelectStmt *larg;	/* left child */
	struct SelectStmt *rarg;	/* right child */
	/* Eventually add fields for CORRESPONDING spec here */
} SelectStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		Set Operation node for post-analysis query trees
 *
 * After parse analysis, a SELECT with set operations is represented by a
 * top-level Query node containing the leaf SELECTs as subqueries in its
 * range table.  Its setOperations field shows the tree of set operations,
 * with leaf SelectStmt nodes replaced by RangeTblRef nodes, and internal
 * nodes replaced by SetOperationStmt nodes.  Information about the output
 * column types is added, too.	(Note that the child nodes do not necessarily
 * produce these types directly, but we've checked that their output types
 * can be coerced to the output column type.)  Also, if it's not UNION ALL,
 * information about the types' sort/group semantics is provided in the form
 * of a SortGroupClause list (same representation as, eg, DISTINCT).
 * The resolved common column collations are provided too; but note that if
 * it's not UNION ALL, it's okay for a column to not have a common collation,
 * so a member of the colCollations list could be InvalidOid even though the
 * column has a collatable type.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct SetOperationStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	SetOperation op;			/* type of set op */
	bool		all;			/* ALL specified? */
	Node	   *larg;			/* left child */
	Node	   *rarg;			/* right child */
	/* Eventually add fields for CORRESPONDING spec here */

	/* Fields derived during parse analysis: */
	List	   *colTypes;		/* OID list of output column type OIDs */
	List	   *colTypmods;		/* integer list of output column typmods */
	List	   *colCollations;	/* OID list of output column collation OIDs */
	List	   *groupClauses;	/* a list of SortGroupClause's */
	/* groupClauses is NIL if UNION ALL, but must be set otherwise */
} SetOperationStmt;


/*****************************************************************************
 *		Other Statements (no optimizations required)
 *
 *		These are not touched by parser/analyze.c except to put them into
 *		the utilityStmt field of a Query.  This is eventually passed to
 *		ProcessUtility (by-passing rewriting and planning).  Some of the
 *		statements do need attention from parse analysis, and this is
 *		done by routines in parser/parse_utilcmd.c after ProcessUtility
 *		receives the command for execution.
 *****************************************************************************/

/*
 * When a command can act on several kinds of objects with only one
 * parse structure required, use these constants to designate the
 * object type.  Note that commands typically don't support all the types.
 */

typedef enum ObjectType
{
	OBJECT_AGGREGATE,
	OBJECT_ATTRIBUTE,			/* type's attribute, when distinct from column */
	OBJECT_CAST,
	OBJECT_COLUMN,
	OBJECT_CONSTRAINT,
	OBJECT_COLLATION,
	OBJECT_CONVERSION,
	OBJECT_DATABASE,
	OBJECT_DOMAIN,
	OBJECT_EXTENSION,
	OBJECT_FDW,
	OBJECT_FOREIGN_SERVER,
	OBJECT_FOREIGN_TABLE,
	OBJECT_FUNCTION,
	OBJECT_INDEX,
	OBJECT_LANGUAGE,
	OBJECT_LARGEOBJECT,
	OBJECT_OPCLASS,
	OBJECT_OPERATOR,
	OBJECT_OPFAMILY,
	OBJECT_ROLE,
	OBJECT_RULE,
	OBJECT_SCHEMA,
	OBJECT_SEQUENCE,
	OBJECT_TABLE,
	OBJECT_TABLESPACE,
	OBJECT_TRIGGER,
	OBJECT_TSCONFIGURATION,
	OBJECT_TSDICTIONARY,
	OBJECT_TSPARSER,
	OBJECT_TSTEMPLATE,
	OBJECT_TYPE,
	OBJECT_VIEW
} ObjectType;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Schema Statement
 *
 * NOTE: the schemaElts list contains raw parsetrees for component statements
 * of the schema, such as CREATE TABLE, GRANT, etc.  These are analyzed and
 * executed after the schema itself is created.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateSchemaStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *schemaname;		/* the name of the schema to create */
	char	   *authid;			/* the owner of the created schema */
	List	   *schemaElts;		/* schema components (list of parsenodes) */
} CreateSchemaStmt;

typedef enum DropBehavior
{
	DROP_RESTRICT,				/* drop fails if any dependent objects */
	DROP_CASCADE				/* remove dependent objects too */
} DropBehavior;

/* ----------------------
 *	Alter Table
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterTableStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* table to work on */
	List	   *cmds;			/* list of subcommands */
	ObjectType	relkind;		/* type of object */
} AlterTableStmt;

typedef enum AlterTableType
{
	AT_AddColumn,				/* add column */
	AT_AddColumnRecurse,		/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_AddColumnToView,			/* implicitly via CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW */
	AT_ColumnDefault,			/* alter column default */
	AT_DropNotNull,				/* alter column drop not null */
	AT_SetNotNull,				/* alter column set not null */
	AT_SetStatistics,			/* alter column set statistics */
	AT_SetOptions,				/* alter column set ( options ) */
	AT_ResetOptions,			/* alter column reset ( options ) */
	AT_SetStorage,				/* alter column set storage */
	AT_DropColumn,				/* drop column */
	AT_DropColumnRecurse,		/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_AddIndex,				/* add index */
	AT_ReAddIndex,				/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_AddConstraint,			/* add constraint */
	AT_AddConstraintRecurse,	/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_ValidateConstraint,		/* validate constraint */
	AT_ValidateConstraintRecurse, /* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_ProcessedConstraint,		/* pre-processed add constraint (local in
								 * parser/parse_utilcmd.c) */
	AT_AddIndexConstraint,		/* add constraint using existing index */
	AT_DropConstraint,			/* drop constraint */
	AT_DropConstraintRecurse,	/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_AlterColumnType,			/* alter column type */
	AT_AlterColumnGenericOptions,	/* alter column OPTIONS (...) */
	AT_ChangeOwner,				/* change owner */
	AT_ClusterOn,				/* CLUSTER ON */
	AT_DropCluster,				/* SET WITHOUT CLUSTER */
	AT_AddOids,					/* SET WITH OIDS */
	AT_AddOidsRecurse,			/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
	AT_DropOids,				/* SET WITHOUT OIDS */
	AT_SetTableSpace,			/* SET TABLESPACE */
	AT_SetRelOptions,			/* SET (...) -- AM specific parameters */
	AT_ResetRelOptions,			/* RESET (...) -- AM specific parameters */
	AT_EnableTrig,				/* ENABLE TRIGGER name */
	AT_EnableAlwaysTrig,		/* ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER name */
	AT_EnableReplicaTrig,		/* ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER name */
	AT_DisableTrig,				/* DISABLE TRIGGER name */
	AT_EnableTrigAll,			/* ENABLE TRIGGER ALL */
	AT_DisableTrigAll,			/* DISABLE TRIGGER ALL */
	AT_EnableTrigUser,			/* ENABLE TRIGGER USER */
	AT_DisableTrigUser,			/* DISABLE TRIGGER USER */
	AT_EnableRule,				/* ENABLE RULE name */
	AT_EnableAlwaysRule,		/* ENABLE ALWAYS RULE name */
	AT_EnableReplicaRule,		/* ENABLE REPLICA RULE name */
	AT_DisableRule,				/* DISABLE RULE name */
	AT_AddInherit,				/* INHERIT parent */
	AT_DropInherit,				/* NO INHERIT parent */
	AT_AddOf,					/* OF <type_name> */
	AT_DropOf,					/* NOT OF */
	AT_GenericOptions			/* OPTIONS (...) */
} AlterTableType;

typedef struct AlterTableCmd	/* one subcommand of an ALTER TABLE */
{
	NodeTag		type;
	AlterTableType subtype;		/* Type of table alteration to apply */
	char	   *name;			/* column, constraint, or trigger to act on,
								 * or new owner or tablespace */
	Node	   *def;			/* definition of new column, index,
								 * constraint, or parent table */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE for DROP cases */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} AlterTableCmd;


/* ----------------------
 *	Alter Domain
 *
 * The fields are used in different ways by the different variants of
 * this command.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterDomainStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char		subtype;		/*------------
								 *	T = alter column default
								 *	N = alter column drop not null
								 *	O = alter column set not null
								 *	C = add constraint
								 *	X = drop constraint
								 *------------
								 */
	List	   *typeName;		/* domain to work on */
	char	   *name;			/* column or constraint name to act on */
	Node	   *def;			/* definition of default or constraint */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE for DROP cases */
} AlterDomainStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		Grant|Revoke Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum GrantTargetType
{
	ACL_TARGET_OBJECT,			/* grant on specific named object(s) */
	ACL_TARGET_ALL_IN_SCHEMA,	/* grant on all objects in given schema(s) */
	ACL_TARGET_DEFAULTS			/* ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES */
} GrantTargetType;

typedef enum GrantObjectType
{
	ACL_OBJECT_COLUMN,			/* column */
	ACL_OBJECT_RELATION,		/* table, view */
	ACL_OBJECT_SEQUENCE,		/* sequence */
	ACL_OBJECT_DATABASE,		/* database */
	ACL_OBJECT_FDW,				/* foreign-data wrapper */
	ACL_OBJECT_FOREIGN_SERVER,	/* foreign server */
	ACL_OBJECT_FUNCTION,		/* function */
	ACL_OBJECT_LANGUAGE,		/* procedural language */
	ACL_OBJECT_LARGEOBJECT,		/* largeobject */
	ACL_OBJECT_NAMESPACE,		/* namespace */
	ACL_OBJECT_TABLESPACE		/* tablespace */
} GrantObjectType;

typedef struct GrantStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	bool		is_grant;		/* true = GRANT, false = REVOKE */
	GrantTargetType targtype;	/* type of the grant target */
	GrantObjectType objtype;	/* kind of object being operated on */
	List	   *objects;		/* list of RangeVar nodes, FuncWithArgs nodes,
								 * or plain names (as Value strings) */
	List	   *privileges;		/* list of AccessPriv nodes */
	/* privileges == NIL denotes ALL PRIVILEGES */
	List	   *grantees;		/* list of PrivGrantee nodes */
	bool		grant_option;	/* grant or revoke grant option */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* drop behavior (for REVOKE) */
} GrantStmt;

typedef struct PrivGrantee
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *rolname;		/* if NULL then PUBLIC */
} PrivGrantee;

/*
 * Note: FuncWithArgs carries only the types of the input parameters of the
 * function.  So it is sufficient to identify an existing function, but it
 * is not enough info to define a function nor to call it.
 */
typedef struct FuncWithArgs
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *funcname;		/* qualified name of function */
	List	   *funcargs;		/* list of Typename nodes */
} FuncWithArgs;

/*
 * An access privilege, with optional list of column names
 * priv_name == NULL denotes ALL PRIVILEGES (only used with a column list)
 * cols == NIL denotes "all columns"
 * Note that simple "ALL PRIVILEGES" is represented as a NIL list, not
 * an AccessPriv with both fields null.
 */
typedef struct AccessPriv
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *priv_name;		/* string name of privilege */
	List	   *cols;			/* list of Value strings */
} AccessPriv;

/* ----------------------
 *		Grant/Revoke Role Statement
 *
 * Note: because of the parsing ambiguity with the GRANT <privileges>
 * statement, granted_roles is a list of AccessPriv; the execution code
 * should complain if any column lists appear.	grantee_roles is a list
 * of role names, as Value strings.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct GrantRoleStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *granted_roles;	/* list of roles to be granted/revoked */
	List	   *grantee_roles;	/* list of member roles to add/delete */
	bool		is_grant;		/* true = GRANT, false = REVOKE */
	bool		admin_opt;		/* with admin option */
	char	   *grantor;		/* set grantor to other than current role */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* drop behavior (for REVOKE) */
} GrantRoleStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *	Alter Default Privileges Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterDefaultPrivilegesStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *options;		/* list of DefElem */
	GrantStmt  *action;			/* GRANT/REVOKE action (with objects=NIL) */
} AlterDefaultPrivilegesStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Copy Statement
 *
 * We support "COPY relation FROM file", "COPY relation TO file", and
 * "COPY (query) TO file".	In any given CopyStmt, exactly one of "relation"
 * and "query" must be non-NULL.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CopyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* the relation to copy */
	Node	   *query;			/* the SELECT query to copy */
	List	   *attlist;		/* List of column names (as Strings), or NIL
								 * for all columns */
	bool		is_from;		/* TO or FROM */
	char	   *filename;		/* filename, or NULL for STDIN/STDOUT */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} CopyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 * SET Statement (includes RESET)
 *
 * "SET var TO DEFAULT" and "RESET var" are semantically equivalent, but we
 * preserve the distinction in VariableSetKind for CreateCommandTag().
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum
{
	VAR_SET_VALUE,				/* SET var = value */
	VAR_SET_DEFAULT,			/* SET var TO DEFAULT */
	VAR_SET_CURRENT,			/* SET var FROM CURRENT */
	VAR_SET_MULTI,				/* special case for SET TRANSACTION ... */
	VAR_RESET,					/* RESET var */
	VAR_RESET_ALL				/* RESET ALL */
} VariableSetKind;

typedef struct VariableSetStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	VariableSetKind kind;
	char	   *name;			/* variable to be set */
	List	   *args;			/* List of A_Const nodes */
	bool		is_local;		/* SET LOCAL? */
} VariableSetStmt;

/* ----------------------
 * Show Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct VariableShowStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;
} VariableShowStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Table Statement
 *
 * NOTE: in the raw gram.y output, ColumnDef and Constraint nodes are
 * intermixed in tableElts, and constraints is NIL.  After parse analysis,
 * tableElts contains just ColumnDefs, and constraints contains just
 * Constraint nodes (in fact, only CONSTR_CHECK nodes, in the present
 * implementation).
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation to create */
	List	   *tableElts;		/* column definitions (list of ColumnDef) */
	List	   *inhRelations;	/* relations to inherit from (list of
								 * inhRelation) */
	TypeName   *ofTypename;		/* OF typename */
	List	   *constraints;	/* constraints (list of Constraint nodes) */
	List	   *options;		/* options from WITH clause */
	OnCommitAction oncommit;	/* what do we do at COMMIT? */
	char	   *tablespacename; /* table space to use, or NULL */
	bool		if_not_exists;	/* just do nothing if it already exists? */
} CreateStmt;

/* ----------
 * Definitions for constraints in CreateStmt
 *
 * Note that column defaults are treated as a type of constraint,
 * even though that's a bit odd semantically.
 *
 * For constraints that use expressions (CONSTR_CHECK, CONSTR_DEFAULT)
 * we may have the expression in either "raw" form (an untransformed
 * parse tree) or "cooked" form (the nodeToString representation of
 * an executable expression tree), depending on how this Constraint
 * node was created (by parsing, or by inheritance from an existing
 * relation).  We should never have both in the same node!
 *
 * FKCONSTR_ACTION_xxx values are stored into pg_constraint.confupdtype
 * and pg_constraint.confdeltype columns; FKCONSTR_MATCH_xxx values are
 * stored into pg_constraint.confmatchtype.  Changing the code values may
 * require an initdb!
 *
 * If skip_validation is true then we skip checking that the existing rows
 * in the table satisfy the constraint, and just install the catalog entries
 * for the constraint.  A new FK constraint is marked as valid iff
 * initially_valid is true.  (Usually skip_validation and initially_valid
 * are inverses, but we can set both true if the table is known empty.)
 *
 * Constraint attributes (DEFERRABLE etc) are initially represented as
 * separate Constraint nodes for simplicity of parsing.  parse_utilcmd.c makes
 * a pass through the constraints list to insert the info into the appropriate
 * Constraint node.
 * ----------
 */

typedef enum ConstrType			/* types of constraints */
{
	CONSTR_NULL,				/* not SQL92, but a lot of people expect it */
	CONSTR_NOTNULL,
	CONSTR_DEFAULT,
	CONSTR_CHECK,
	CONSTR_PRIMARY,
	CONSTR_UNIQUE,
	CONSTR_EXCLUSION,
	CONSTR_FOREIGN,
	CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRABLE,		/* attributes for previous constraint node */
	CONSTR_ATTR_NOT_DEFERRABLE,
	CONSTR_ATTR_DEFERRED,
	CONSTR_ATTR_IMMEDIATE
} ConstrType;

/* Foreign key action codes */
#define FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION	'a'
#define FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT	'r'
#define FKCONSTR_ACTION_CASCADE		'c'
#define FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETNULL		'n'
#define FKCONSTR_ACTION_SETDEFAULT	'd'

/* Foreign key matchtype codes */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL			'f'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL		'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_UNSPECIFIED	'u'

typedef struct Constraint
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ConstrType	contype;		/* see above */

	/* Fields used for most/all constraint types: */
	char	   *conname;		/* Constraint name, or NULL if unnamed */
	bool		deferrable;		/* DEFERRABLE? */
	bool		initdeferred;	/* INITIALLY DEFERRED? */
	int			location;		/* token location, or -1 if unknown */

	/* Fields used for constraints with expressions (CHECK and DEFAULT): */
	Node	   *raw_expr;		/* expr, as untransformed parse tree */
	char	   *cooked_expr;	/* expr, as nodeToString representation */

	/* Fields used for unique constraints (UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY): */
	List	   *keys;			/* String nodes naming referenced column(s) */

	/* Fields used for EXCLUSION constraints: */
	List	   *exclusions;		/* list of (IndexElem, operator name) pairs */

	/* Fields used for index constraints (UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, EXCLUSION): */
	List	   *options;		/* options from WITH clause */
	char	   *indexname;		/* existing index to use; otherwise NULL */
	char	   *indexspace;		/* index tablespace; NULL for default */
	/* These could be, but currently are not, used for UNIQUE/PKEY: */
	char	   *access_method;	/* index access method; NULL for default */
	Node	   *where_clause;	/* partial index predicate */

	/* Fields used for FOREIGN KEY constraints: */
	RangeVar   *pktable;		/* Primary key table */
	List	   *fk_attrs;		/* Attributes of foreign key */
	List	   *pk_attrs;		/* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
	char		fk_matchtype;	/* FULL, PARTIAL, UNSPECIFIED */
	char		fk_upd_action;	/* ON UPDATE action */
	char		fk_del_action;	/* ON DELETE action */

	/* Fields used for constraints that allow a NOT VALID specification */
	bool		skip_validation;	/* skip validation of existing rows? */
	bool		initially_valid;	/* mark the new constraint as valid? */
} Constraint;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Drop Table Space Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateTableSpaceStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *tablespacename;
	char	   *owner;
	char	   *location;
} CreateTableSpaceStmt;

typedef struct DropTableSpaceStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *tablespacename;
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} DropTableSpaceStmt;

typedef struct AlterTableSpaceOptionsStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *tablespacename;
	List	   *options;
	bool		isReset;
} AlterTableSpaceOptionsStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Alter Extension Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateExtensionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *extname;
	bool		if_not_exists;	/* just do nothing if it already exists? */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} CreateExtensionStmt;

/* Only used for ALTER EXTENSION UPDATE; later might need an action field */
typedef struct AlterExtensionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *extname;
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} AlterExtensionStmt;

typedef struct AlterExtensionContentsStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *extname;		/* Extension's name */
	int			action;			/* +1 = add object, -1 = drop object */
	ObjectType	objtype;		/* Object's type */
	List	   *objname;		/* Qualified name of the object */
	List	   *objargs;		/* Arguments if needed (eg, for functions) */
} AlterExtensionContentsStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Drop FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateFdwStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *fdwname;		/* foreign-data wrapper name */
	List	   *func_options;	/* HANDLER/VALIDATOR options */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to FDW */
} CreateFdwStmt;

typedef struct AlterFdwStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *fdwname;		/* foreign-data wrapper name */
	List	   *func_options;	/* HANDLER/VALIDATOR options */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to FDW */
} AlterFdwStmt;

typedef struct DropFdwStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *fdwname;		/* foreign-data wrapper name */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* don't complain if missing */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* drop behavior - cascade/restrict */
} DropFdwStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Drop FOREIGN SERVER Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateForeignServerStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	char	   *servertype;		/* optional server type */
	char	   *version;		/* optional server version */
	char	   *fdwname;		/* FDW name */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to server */
} CreateForeignServerStmt;

typedef struct AlterForeignServerStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	char	   *version;		/* optional server version */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to server */
	bool		has_version;	/* version specified */
} AlterForeignServerStmt;

typedef struct DropForeignServerStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* ignore missing servers */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* drop behavior - cascade/restrict */
} DropForeignServerStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create FOREIGN TABLE Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateForeignTableStmt
{
	CreateStmt	base;
	char	   *servername;
	List	   *options;
} CreateForeignTableStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Drop USER MAPPING Statements
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateUserMappingStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *username;		/* username or PUBLIC/CURRENT_USER */
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to server */
} CreateUserMappingStmt;

typedef struct AlterUserMappingStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *username;		/* username or PUBLIC/CURRENT_USER */
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	List	   *options;		/* generic options to server */
} AlterUserMappingStmt;

typedef struct DropUserMappingStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *username;		/* username or PUBLIC/CURRENT_USER */
	char	   *servername;		/* server name */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* ignore missing mappings */
} DropUserMappingStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create TRIGGER Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateTrigStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *trigname;		/* TRIGGER's name */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation trigger is on */
	List	   *funcname;		/* qual. name of function to call */
	List	   *args;			/* list of (T_String) Values or NIL */
	bool		row;			/* ROW/STATEMENT */
	/* timing uses the TRIGGER_TYPE bits defined in catalog/pg_trigger.h */
	int16		timing;			/* BEFORE, AFTER, or INSTEAD */
	/* events uses the TRIGGER_TYPE bits defined in catalog/pg_trigger.h */
	int16		events;			/* "OR" of INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/TRUNCATE */
	List	   *columns;		/* column names, or NIL for all columns */
	Node	   *whenClause;		/* qual expression, or NULL if none */
	bool		isconstraint;	/* This is a constraint trigger */
	/* The remaining fields are only used for constraint triggers */
	bool		deferrable;		/* [NOT] DEFERRABLE */
	bool		initdeferred;	/* INITIALLY {DEFERRED|IMMEDIATE} */
	RangeVar   *constrrel;		/* opposite relation, if RI trigger */
} CreateTrigStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create/Drop PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE Statements
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreatePLangStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	bool		replace;		/* T => replace if already exists */
	char	   *plname;			/* PL name */
	List	   *plhandler;		/* PL call handler function (qual. name) */
	List	   *plinline;		/* optional inline function (qual. name) */
	List	   *plvalidator;	/* optional validator function (qual. name) */
	bool		pltrusted;		/* PL is trusted */
} CreatePLangStmt;

typedef struct DropPLangStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *plname;			/* PL name */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} DropPLangStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *	Create/Alter/Drop Role Statements
 *
 * Note: these node types are also used for the backwards-compatible
 * Create/Alter/Drop User/Group statements.  In the ALTER and DROP cases
 * there's really no need to distinguish what the original spelling was,
 * but for CREATE we mark the type because the defaults vary.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum RoleStmtType
{
	ROLESTMT_ROLE,
	ROLESTMT_USER,
	ROLESTMT_GROUP
} RoleStmtType;

typedef struct CreateRoleStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RoleStmtType stmt_type;		/* ROLE/USER/GROUP */
	char	   *role;			/* role name */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} CreateRoleStmt;

typedef struct AlterRoleStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *role;			/* role name */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
	int			action;			/* +1 = add members, -1 = drop members */
} AlterRoleStmt;

typedef struct AlterRoleSetStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *role;			/* role name */
	char	   *database;		/* database name, or NULL */
	VariableSetStmt *setstmt;	/* SET or RESET subcommand */
} AlterRoleSetStmt;

typedef struct DropRoleStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *roles;			/* List of roles to remove */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if a role is missing? */
} DropRoleStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		{Create|Alter} SEQUENCE Statement
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct CreateSeqStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *sequence;		/* the sequence to create */
	List	   *options;
	Oid			ownerId;		/* ID of owner, or InvalidOid for default */
} CreateSeqStmt;

typedef struct AlterSeqStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *sequence;		/* the sequence to alter */
	List	   *options;
} AlterSeqStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create {Aggregate|Operator|Type} Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DefineStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	kind;			/* aggregate, operator, type */
	bool		oldstyle;		/* hack to signal old CREATE AGG syntax */
	List	   *defnames;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	List	   *args;			/* a list of TypeName (if needed) */
	List	   *definition;		/* a list of DefElem */
} DefineStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Domain Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateDomainStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *domainname;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	TypeName   *typeName;		/* the base type */
	CollateClause *collClause;	/* untransformed COLLATE spec, if any */
	List	   *constraints;	/* constraints (list of Constraint nodes) */
} CreateDomainStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Operator Class Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateOpClassStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *opclassname;	/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	List	   *opfamilyname;	/* qualified name (ditto); NIL if omitted */
	char	   *amname;			/* name of index AM opclass is for */
	TypeName   *datatype;		/* datatype of indexed column */
	List	   *items;			/* List of CreateOpClassItem nodes */
	bool		isDefault;		/* Should be marked as default for type? */
} CreateOpClassStmt;

#define OPCLASS_ITEM_OPERATOR		1
#define OPCLASS_ITEM_FUNCTION		2
#define OPCLASS_ITEM_STORAGETYPE	3

typedef struct CreateOpClassItem
{
	NodeTag		type;
	int			itemtype;		/* see codes above */
	/* fields used for an operator or function item: */
	List	   *name;			/* operator or function name */
	List	   *args;			/* argument types */
	int			number;			/* strategy num or support proc num */
	List	   *order_family;	/* only used for ordering operators */
	List	   *class_args;		/* only used for functions */
	/* fields used for a storagetype item: */
	TypeName   *storedtype;		/* datatype stored in index */
} CreateOpClassItem;
/* ----------------------
 *		Create Operator Family Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateOpFamilyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *opfamilyname;	/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	char	   *amname;			/* name of index AM opfamily is for */
} CreateOpFamilyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Alter Operator Family Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterOpFamilyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *opfamilyname;	/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	char	   *amname;			/* name of index AM opfamily is for */
	bool		isDrop;			/* ADD or DROP the items? */
	List	   *items;			/* List of CreateOpClassItem nodes */
} AlterOpFamilyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Drop Table|Sequence|View|Index|Type|Domain|Conversion|Schema Statement
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct DropStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *objects;		/* list of sublists of names (as Values) */
	ObjectType	removeType;		/* object type */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if object is missing? */
} DropStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Drop Rule|Trigger Statement
 *
 * In general this may be used for dropping any property of a relation;
 * for example, someday soon we may have DROP ATTRIBUTE.
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct DropPropertyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* owning relation */
	char	   *property;		/* name of rule, trigger, etc */
	ObjectType	removeType;		/* OBJECT_RULE or OBJECT_TRIGGER */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} DropPropertyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *				Truncate Table Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct TruncateStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *relations;		/* relations (RangeVars) to be truncated */
	bool		restart_seqs;	/* restart owned sequences? */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
} TruncateStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *				Comment On Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CommentStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	objtype;		/* Object's type */
	List	   *objname;		/* Qualified name of the object */
	List	   *objargs;		/* Arguments if needed (eg, for functions) */
	char	   *comment;		/* Comment to insert, or NULL to remove */
} CommentStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *				SECURITY LABEL Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct SecLabelStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	objtype;		/* Object's type */
	List	   *objname;		/* Qualified name of the object */
	List	   *objargs;		/* Arguments if needed (eg, for functions) */
	char	   *provider;		/* Label provider (or NULL) */
	char	   *label;			/* New security label to be assigned */
} SecLabelStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Declare Cursor Statement
 *
 * Note: the "query" field of DeclareCursorStmt is only used in the raw grammar
 * output.	After parse analysis it's set to null, and the Query points to the
 * DeclareCursorStmt, not vice versa.
 * ----------------------
 */
#define CURSOR_OPT_BINARY		0x0001	/* BINARY */
#define CURSOR_OPT_SCROLL		0x0002	/* SCROLL explicitly given */
#define CURSOR_OPT_NO_SCROLL	0x0004	/* NO SCROLL explicitly given */
#define CURSOR_OPT_INSENSITIVE	0x0008	/* INSENSITIVE */
#define CURSOR_OPT_HOLD			0x0010	/* WITH HOLD */
/* these planner-control flags do not correspond to any SQL grammar: */
#define CURSOR_OPT_FAST_PLAN	0x0020	/* prefer fast-start plan */
#define CURSOR_OPT_GENERIC_PLAN	0x0040	/* force use of generic plan */
#define CURSOR_OPT_CUSTOM_PLAN	0x0080	/* force use of custom plan */

typedef struct DeclareCursorStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *portalname;		/* name of the portal (cursor) */
	int			options;		/* bitmask of options (see above) */
	Node	   *query;			/* the raw SELECT query */
} DeclareCursorStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Close Portal Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ClosePortalStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *portalname;		/* name of the portal (cursor) */
	/* NULL means CLOSE ALL */
} ClosePortalStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Fetch Statement (also Move)
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum FetchDirection
{
	/* for these, howMany is how many rows to fetch; FETCH_ALL means ALL */
	FETCH_FORWARD,
	FETCH_BACKWARD,
	/* for these, howMany indicates a position; only one row is fetched */
	FETCH_ABSOLUTE,
	FETCH_RELATIVE
} FetchDirection;

#define FETCH_ALL	LONG_MAX

typedef struct FetchStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	FetchDirection direction;	/* see above */
	long		howMany;		/* number of rows, or position argument */
	char	   *portalname;		/* name of portal (cursor) */
	bool		ismove;			/* TRUE if MOVE */
} FetchStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Index Statement
 *
 * This represents creation of an index and/or an associated constraint.
 * If indexOid isn't InvalidOid, we are not creating an index, just a
 * UNIQUE/PKEY constraint using an existing index.	isconstraint must always
 * be true in this case, and the fields describing the index properties are
 * empty.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct IndexStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *idxname;		/* name of new index, or NULL for default */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation to build index on */
	char	   *accessMethod;	/* name of access method (eg. btree) */
	char	   *tableSpace;		/* tablespace, or NULL for default */
	List	   *indexParams;	/* a list of IndexElem */
	List	   *options;		/* options from WITH clause */
	Node	   *whereClause;	/* qualification (partial-index predicate) */
	List	   *excludeOpNames; /* exclusion operator names, or NIL if none */
	Oid			indexOid;		/* OID of an existing index, if any */
	Oid			oldNode;		/* relfilenode of my former self */
	bool		unique;			/* is index unique? */
	bool		primary;		/* is index on primary key? */
	bool		isconstraint;	/* is it from a CONSTRAINT clause? */
	bool		deferrable;		/* is the constraint DEFERRABLE? */
	bool		initdeferred;	/* is the constraint INITIALLY DEFERRED? */
	bool		concurrent;		/* should this be a concurrent index build? */
} IndexStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Function Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateFunctionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	bool		replace;		/* T => replace if already exists */
	List	   *funcname;		/* qualified name of function to create */
	List	   *parameters;		/* a list of FunctionParameter */
	TypeName   *returnType;		/* the return type */
	List	   *options;		/* a list of DefElem */
	List	   *withClause;		/* a list of DefElem */
} CreateFunctionStmt;

typedef enum FunctionParameterMode
{
	/* the assigned enum values appear in pg_proc, don't change 'em! */
	FUNC_PARAM_IN = 'i',		/* input only */
	FUNC_PARAM_OUT = 'o',		/* output only */
	FUNC_PARAM_INOUT = 'b',		/* both */
	FUNC_PARAM_VARIADIC = 'v',	/* variadic (always input) */
	FUNC_PARAM_TABLE = 't'		/* table function output column */
} FunctionParameterMode;

typedef struct FunctionParameter
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* parameter name, or NULL if not given */
	TypeName   *argType;		/* TypeName for parameter type */
	FunctionParameterMode mode; /* IN/OUT/etc */
	Node	   *defexpr;		/* raw default expr, or NULL if not given */
} FunctionParameter;

typedef struct AlterFunctionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	FuncWithArgs *func;			/* name and args of function */
	List	   *actions;		/* list of DefElem */
} AlterFunctionStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Drop {Function|Aggregate|Operator} Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct RemoveFuncStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	kind;			/* function, aggregate, operator */
	List	   *name;			/* qualified name of object to drop */
	List	   *args;			/* types of the arguments */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} RemoveFuncStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		DO Statement
 *
 * DoStmt is the raw parser output, InlineCodeBlock is the execution-time API
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DoStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *args;			/* List of DefElem nodes */
} DoStmt;

typedef struct InlineCodeBlock
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *source_text;	/* source text of anonymous code block */
	Oid			langOid;		/* OID of selected language */
	bool		langIsTrusted;	/* trusted property of the language */
} InlineCodeBlock;

/* ----------------------
 *		Drop Operator Class Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct RemoveOpClassStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *opclassname;	/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	char	   *amname;			/* name of index AM opclass is for */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} RemoveOpClassStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Drop Operator Family Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct RemoveOpFamilyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *opfamilyname;	/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	char	   *amname;			/* name of index AM opfamily is for */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} RemoveOpFamilyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Alter Object Rename Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct RenameStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	renameType;		/* OBJECT_TABLE, OBJECT_COLUMN, etc */
	ObjectType	relationType;	/* if column name, associated relation type */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* in case it's a table */
	List	   *object;			/* in case it's some other object */
	List	   *objarg;			/* argument types, if applicable */
	char	   *subname;		/* name of contained object (column, rule,
								 * trigger, etc) */
	char	   *newname;		/* the new name */
	DropBehavior behavior;		/* RESTRICT or CASCADE behavior */
} RenameStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		ALTER object SET SCHEMA Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterObjectSchemaStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType objectType;		/* OBJECT_TABLE, OBJECT_TYPE, etc */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* in case it's a table */
	List	   *object;			/* in case it's some other object */
	List	   *objarg;			/* argument types, if applicable */
	char	   *addname;		/* additional name if needed */
	char	   *newschema;		/* the new schema */
} AlterObjectSchemaStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Alter Object Owner Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterOwnerStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType objectType;		/* OBJECT_TABLE, OBJECT_TYPE, etc */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* in case it's a table */
	List	   *object;			/* in case it's some other object */
	List	   *objarg;			/* argument types, if applicable */
	char	   *addname;		/* additional name if needed */
	char	   *newowner;		/* the new owner */
} AlterOwnerStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		Create Rule Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct RuleStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation the rule is for */
	char	   *rulename;		/* name of the rule */
	Node	   *whereClause;	/* qualifications */
	CmdType		event;			/* SELECT, INSERT, etc */
	bool		instead;		/* is a 'do instead'? */
	List	   *actions;		/* the action statements */
	bool		replace;		/* OR REPLACE */
} RuleStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Notify Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct NotifyStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *conditionname;	/* condition name to notify */
	char	   *payload;		/* the payload string, or NULL if none */
} NotifyStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Listen Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ListenStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *conditionname;	/* condition name to listen on */
} ListenStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Unlisten Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct UnlistenStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *conditionname;	/* name to unlisten on, or NULL for all */
} UnlistenStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		{Begin|Commit|Rollback} Transaction Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum TransactionStmtKind
{
	TRANS_STMT_BEGIN,
	TRANS_STMT_START,			/* semantically identical to BEGIN */
	TRANS_STMT_COMMIT,
	TRANS_STMT_ROLLBACK,
	TRANS_STMT_SAVEPOINT,
	TRANS_STMT_RELEASE,
	TRANS_STMT_ROLLBACK_TO,
	TRANS_STMT_PREPARE,
	TRANS_STMT_COMMIT_PREPARED,
	TRANS_STMT_ROLLBACK_PREPARED
} TransactionStmtKind;

typedef struct TransactionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	TransactionStmtKind kind;	/* see above */
	List	   *options;		/* for BEGIN/START and savepoint commands */
	char	   *gid;			/* for two-phase-commit related commands */
} TransactionStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Type Statement, composite types
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CompositeTypeStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *typevar;		/* the composite type to be created */
	List	   *coldeflist;		/* list of ColumnDef nodes */
} CompositeTypeStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create Type Statement, enum types
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateEnumStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *typeName;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	List	   *vals;			/* enum values (list of Value strings) */
} CreateEnumStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Alter Type Statement, enum types
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterEnumStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *typeName;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	char	   *newVal;			/* new enum value's name */
	char	   *newValNeighbor; /* neighboring enum value, if specified */
	bool		newValIsAfter;	/* place new enum value after neighbor? */
} AlterEnumStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Create View Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ViewStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *view;			/* the view to be created */
	List	   *aliases;		/* target column names */
	Node	   *query;			/* the SELECT query */
	bool		replace;		/* replace an existing view? */
} ViewStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Load Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct LoadStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *filename;		/* file to load */
} LoadStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Createdb Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreatedbStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *dbname;			/* name of database to create */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} CreatedbStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *	Alter Database
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct AlterDatabaseStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *dbname;			/* name of database to alter */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} AlterDatabaseStmt;

typedef struct AlterDatabaseSetStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *dbname;			/* database name */
	VariableSetStmt *setstmt;	/* SET or RESET subcommand */
} AlterDatabaseSetStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Dropdb Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DropdbStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *dbname;			/* database to drop */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if db is missing? */
} DropdbStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Cluster Statement (support pbrown's cluster index implementation)
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ClusterStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* relation being indexed, or NULL if all */
	char	   *indexname;		/* original index defined */
	bool		verbose;		/* print progress info */
} ClusterStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Vacuum and Analyze Statements
 *
 * Even though these are nominally two statements, it's convenient to use
 * just one node type for both.  Note that at least one of VACOPT_VACUUM
 * and VACOPT_ANALYZE must be set in options.  VACOPT_FREEZE is an internal
 * convenience for the grammar and is not examined at runtime --- the
 * freeze_min_age and freeze_table_age fields are what matter.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef enum VacuumOption
{
	VACOPT_VACUUM = 1 << 0,		/* do VACUUM */
	VACOPT_ANALYZE = 1 << 1,	/* do ANALYZE */
	VACOPT_VERBOSE = 1 << 2,	/* print progress info */
	VACOPT_FREEZE = 1 << 3,		/* FREEZE option */
	VACOPT_FULL = 1 << 4,		/* FULL (non-concurrent) vacuum */
	VACOPT_NOWAIT = 1 << 5		/* don't wait to get lock (autovacuum only) */
} VacuumOption;

typedef struct VacuumStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	int			options;		/* OR of VacuumOption flags */
	int			freeze_min_age; /* min freeze age, or -1 to use default */
	int			freeze_table_age;		/* age at which to scan whole table */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* single table to process, or NULL */
	List	   *va_cols;		/* list of column names, or NIL for all */
} VacuumStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		Explain Statement
 *
 * The "query" field is either a raw parse tree (SelectStmt, InsertStmt, etc)
 * or a Query node if parse analysis has been done.  Note that rewriting and
 * planning of the query are always postponed until execution of EXPLAIN.
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ExplainStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	Node	   *query;			/* the query (see comments above) */
	List	   *options;		/* list of DefElem nodes */
} ExplainStmt;

/* ----------------------
 * Checkpoint Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CheckPointStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
} CheckPointStmt;

/* ----------------------
 * Discard Statement
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef enum DiscardMode
{
	DISCARD_ALL,
	DISCARD_PLANS,
	DISCARD_TEMP
} DiscardMode;

typedef struct DiscardStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	DiscardMode target;
} DiscardStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		LOCK Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct LockStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *relations;		/* relations to lock */
	int			mode;			/* lock mode */
	bool		nowait;			/* no wait mode */
} LockStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		SET CONSTRAINTS Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ConstraintsSetStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *constraints;	/* List of names as RangeVars */
	bool		deferred;
} ConstraintsSetStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *		REINDEX Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct ReindexStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	ObjectType	kind;			/* OBJECT_INDEX, OBJECT_TABLE, OBJECT_DATABASE */
	RangeVar   *relation;		/* Table or index to reindex */
	const char *name;			/* name of database to reindex */
	bool		do_system;		/* include system tables in database case */
	bool		do_user;		/* include user tables in database case */
} ReindexStmt;
/* ----------------------
 *		CREATE CONVERSION Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateConversionStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *conversion_name;	/* Name of the conversion */
	char	   *for_encoding_name;		/* source encoding name */
	char	   *to_encoding_name;		/* destination encoding name */
	List	   *func_name;		/* qualified conversion function name */
	bool		def;			/* is this a default conversion? */
} CreateConversionStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *	CREATE CAST Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct CreateCastStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	TypeName   *sourcetype;
	TypeName   *targettype;
	FuncWithArgs *func;
	CoercionContext context;
	bool		inout;
} CreateCastStmt;

/* ----------------------
 *	DROP CAST Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DropCastStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	TypeName   *sourcetype;
	TypeName   *targettype;
	DropBehavior behavior;
	bool		missing_ok;		/* skip error if missing? */
} DropCastStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		PREPARE Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct PrepareStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* Name of plan, arbitrary */
	List	   *argtypes;		/* Types of parameters (List of TypeName) */
	Node	   *query;			/* The query itself (as a raw parsetree) */
} PrepareStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		EXECUTE Statement
 * ----------------------
 */

typedef struct ExecuteStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* The name of the plan to execute */
	IntoClause *into;			/* Optional table to store results in */
	List	   *params;			/* Values to assign to parameters */
} ExecuteStmt;


/* ----------------------
 *		DEALLOCATE Statement
 * ----------------------
 */
typedef struct DeallocateStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	char	   *name;			/* The name of the plan to remove */
	/* NULL means DEALLOCATE ALL */
} DeallocateStmt;

/*
 *		DROP OWNED statement
 */
typedef struct DropOwnedStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *roles;
	DropBehavior behavior;
} DropOwnedStmt;

/*
 *		REASSIGN OWNED statement
 */
typedef struct ReassignOwnedStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *roles;
	char	   *newrole;
} ReassignOwnedStmt;

/*
 * TS Dictionary stmts: DefineStmt, RenameStmt and DropStmt are default
 */
typedef struct AlterTSDictionaryStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *dictname;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */
	List	   *options;		/* List of DefElem nodes */
} AlterTSDictionaryStmt;

/*
 * TS Configuration stmts: DefineStmt, RenameStmt and DropStmt are default
 */
typedef struct AlterTSConfigurationStmt
{
	NodeTag		type;
	List	   *cfgname;		/* qualified name (list of Value strings) */

	/*
	 * dicts will be non-NIL if ADD/ALTER MAPPING was specified. If dicts is
	 * NIL, but tokentype isn't, DROP MAPPING was specified.
	 */
	List	   *tokentype;		/* list of Value strings */
	List	   *dicts;			/* list of list of Value strings */
	bool		override;		/* if true - remove old variant */
	bool		replace;		/* if true - replace dictionary by another */
	bool		missing_ok;		/* for DROP - skip error if missing? */
} AlterTSConfigurationStmt;

#endif   /* PARSENODES_H */