This is the beginning of a collection of SQL-callable functions to
verify the integrity of data files.  For now it only contains code to
verify B-Tree indexes.

This adds two SQL-callable functions, validating B-Tree consistency to
a varying degree.  Check the, extensive, docs for details.

The goal is to later extend the coverage of the module to further
access methods, possibly including the heap.  Once checks for
additional access methods exist, we'll likely add some "dispatch"
functions that cover multiple access methods.

Author: Peter Geoghegan, editorialized by Andres Freund
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund, Tomas Vondra, Thomas Munro,
   Anastasia Lubennikova, Robert Haas, Amit Langote
Discussion: CAM3SWZQzLMhMwmBqjzK+pRKXrNUZ4w90wYMUWfkeV8mZ3Debvw@mail.gmail.com

This module was intended to ease migrations of applications that used
the pre-8.3 version of text search to the in-core version introduced
in that release.  However, since all pre-8.3 releases of the database
have been out of support for more than 5 years at this point, we
expect that few people are depending on it at this point.  If some
people still need it, nothing prevents it from being maintained as a
separate extension, outside of core.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+Tgmob5R8aDHiFRTQsSJbT1oreKg2FOSBrC=2f4tqEH3dOMAg@mail.gmail.com

Module provides new access method. It is actually a simple Bloom filter
implemented as pgsql's index. It could give some benefits on search
with large number of columns.

Module is a single way to test generic WAL interface committed earlier.

Author: Teodor Sigaev, Alexander Korotkov
Reviewers: Aleksander Alekseev, Michael Paquier, Jim Nasby

This lets you examine the visibility map as well as page-level
visibility information.  I initially wrote it as a debugging aid,
but was encouraged to polish it for commit.

Patch by me, reviewed by Masahiko Sawada.

Discussion: 56D77803.6080503@BlueTreble.com

This extension provides detailed logging classes, ability to control
logging at a per-object level, and includes fully-qualified object
names for logged statements (DML and DDL) in independent fields of the
log output.

Authors: Ian Barwick, Abhijit Menon-Sen, David Steele
Reviews by: Robert Haas, Tatsuo Ishii, Sawada Masahiko, Fujii Masao,
Simon Riggs

Discussion with: Josh Berkus, Jaime Casanova, Peter Eisentraut,
David Fetter, Yeb Havinga, Alvaro Herrera, Petr Jelinek, Tom Lane,
MauMau, Bruce Momjian, Jim Nasby, Michael Paquier,
Fabrízio de Royes Mello, Neil Tiffin

This provides a mechanism for specifying conversions between SQL data
types and procedural languages.  As examples, there are transforms
for hstore and ltree for PL/Perl and PL/Python.

reviews by Pavel Stěhule and Andres Freund

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Previously, these functions were created in a schema "binary_upgrade",
which was deleted after pg_upgrade was finished.  Because we don't want
to keep that schema around permanently, move them to pg_catalog but
rename them with a binary_upgrade_... prefix.

The provided functions are only small wrappers around global variables
that were added specifically for pg_upgrade use, so keeping the module
separate does not create any modularity.

The functions still check that they are only called in binary upgrade
mode, so it is not possible to call these during normal operation.

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

This is advance preparation for introducing even more test modules; the
easy solution is to add them to contrib, but that's bloated enough that
it seems a good time to think of something different.

Moved modules are dummy_seclabel, test_shm_mq, test_parser and
worker_spi.

(test_decoding was also a candidate, but there was too much opposition
to moving that one.  We can always reconsider later.)

Allow the contrib/uuid-ossp extension to be built atop any one of these
three popular UUID libraries.  (The extension's name is now arguably a
misnomer, but we'll keep it the same so as not to cause unnecessary
compatibility issues for users.)

We would not normally consider a change like this post-beta1, but the issue
has been forced by our upgrade to autoconf 2.69, whose more rigorous header
checks are causing OSSP's header files to be rejected on some platforms.
It's been foreseen for some time that we'd have to move away from depending
on OSSP UUID due to lack of upstream maintenance, so this is a down payment
on that problem.

While at it, add some simple regression tests, in hopes of catching any
major incompatibilities between the three implementations.

Matteo Beccati, with some further hacking by me

This feature, building on previous commits, allows the write-ahead log
stream to be decoded into a series of logical changes; that is,
inserts, updates, and deletes and the transactions which contain them.
It is capable of handling decoding even across changes to the schema
of the effected tables.  The output format is controlled by a
so-called "output plugin"; an example is included.  To make use of
this in a real replication system, the output plugin will need to be
modified to produce output in the format appropriate to that system,
and to perform filtering.

Currently, information can be extracted from the logical decoding
system only via SQL; future commits will add the ability to stream
changes via walsender.

Andres Freund, with review and other contributions from many other
people, including Álvaro Herrera, Abhijit Menon-Sen, Peter Gheogegan,
Kevin Grittner, Robert Haas, Heikki Linnakangas, Fujii Masao, Abhijit
Menon-Sen, Michael Paquier, Simon Riggs, Craig Ringer, and Steve
Singer.

This code is intended as a demonstration of how the dynamic shared
memory and dynamic background worker facilities can be used to establish
a group of coooperating processes which can coordinate their activities
using the shared memory message queue facility.  By itself, the code
does nothing particularly interesting: it simply allows messages to
be passed through a loop of workers and back to the original process.
But it's a useful unit test, in addition to its demonstration value.

Patch by me.  Review by Álvaro Herrera, Amit Kapila, Jeff Janes,
Gurjeet Singh, and others.

Erik Rijkers

There's still a lot of room for improvement, but it basically works,
and we need this to be present before we can do anything much with the
writable-foreign-tables patch.  So let's commit it and get on with testing.

Shigeru Hanada, reviewed by KaiGai Kohei and Tom Lane

Background workers are postmaster subprocesses that run arbitrary
user-specified code.  They can request shared memory access as well as
backend database connections; or they can just use plain libpq frontend
database connections.

Modules listed in shared_preload_libraries can register background
workers in their _PG_init() function; this is early enough that it's not
necessary to provide an extra GUC option, because the necessary extra
resources can be allocated early on.  Modules can install more than one
bgworker, if necessary.

Care is taken that these extra processes do not interfere with other
postmaster tasks: only one such process is started on each ServerLoop
iteration.  This means a large number of them could be waiting to be
started up and postmaster is still able to quickly service external
connection requests.  Also, shutdown sequence should not be impacted by
a worker process that's reasonably well behaved (i.e. promptly responds
to termination signals.)

The current implementation lets worker processes specify their start
time, i.e. at what point in the server startup process they are to be
started: right after postmaster start (in which case they mustn't ask
for shared memory access), when consistent state has been reached
(useful during recovery in a HOT standby server), or when recovery has
terminated (i.e. when normal backends are allowed).

In case of a bgworker crash, actions to take depend on registration
data: if shared memory was requested, then all other connections are
taken down (as well as other bgworkers), just like it were a regular
backend crashing.  The bgworker itself is restarted, too, within a
configurable timeframe (which can be configured to be never).

More features to add to this framework can be imagined without much
effort, and have been discussed, but this seems good enough as a useful
unit already.

An elementary sample module is supplied.

Author: Álvaro Herrera

This patch is loosely based on prior patches submitted by KaiGai Kohei,
and unsubmitted code by Simon Riggs.

Reviewed by: KaiGai Kohei, Markus Wanner, Andres Freund,
Heikki Linnakangas, Simon Riggs, Amit Kapila

Ants Aasma, Greg Smith

Kevin Grittner, reviewed (in earlier versions) by Álvaro Herrera

Certain subdirectories do not get built if corresponding options are not
selected at configure time.  However, "make distprep" should visit such
directories anyway, so that constructing derived files to be included in
the tarball happens without requiring all configure options to be given
in the tarball build script.  Likewise, it's better if cleanup actions
unconditionally visit all directories (for example, this ensures proper
cleanup if someone has done a manual make in such a subdirectory).

To handle this, set up a convention that subdirectories that are
conditionally included in SUBDIRS should be added to ALWAYS_SUBDIRS
instead when they are excluded.

Back-patch to 9.1, so that plpython's spiexceptions.h will get provided
in 9.1 tarballs.  There don't appear to be any instances where distprep
actions got missed in previous releases, and anyway this fix requires
gmake 3.80 so we don't want to apply it before 9.1.

This is both very useful in its own right, and an important test case
for the core FDW support.

This commit includes a small refactoring of copy.c to expose its option
checking code as a separately callable function.  The original patch
submission duplicated hundreds of lines of that code, which seemed pretty
unmaintainable.

Shigeru Hanada, reviewed by Itagaki Takahiro and Tom Lane

This is still pretty rough - among other things, the documentation
needs work, and the messages need a visit from the style police -
but this gets the basic framework in place.

KaiGai Kohei

Actually rename the program, rather than just claiming we did.  Hook it
into the build system.  Get rid of useless dependency on libpq.  Clean up
#include list and messy whitespace.

KaiGai Kohei, with a few changes by me.

Replace for loops in makefiles with proper dependencies.  Parallel
make can now span across directories.  Also, make -k and make -q work
properly.

GNU make 3.80 or newer is now required.

This is intended as infrastructure to support integration with label-based
mandatory access control systems such as SE-Linux. Further changes (mostly
hooks) will be needed, but this is a big chunk of it.

KaiGai Kohei and Robert Haas

standalone utility for removing files from archive.

(pg_upgrade_support).

on the buildfarm.

strength of database passwords, and create a sample implementation of
such a hook as a new contrib module "passwordcheck".

Laurenz Albe, reviewed by Takahiro Itagaki

Test coverage support now covers the entire source tree, including
contrib, instead of just src/backend.  In a related but independent
development, the commands make coverage and make coverage-html can be run
in any directory.

This turned out to be much easier than feared.  Besides a few ad hoc fixes
to pass the make target down the tree, change all affected makefiles to
list their directories in the SUBDIRS variable, changed from variants like
DIRS and WANTED_DIRS.  MSVC build fix was attempted as well.

Teodor Sigaev and Oleg Bartunov