Check for stack overrun in standard_ProcessUtility().

ProcessUtility can recurse, and indeed can be driven to infinite
recursion, so it ought to have a check_stack_depth() call.  This
covers the reported bug (portal trying to execute itself) and a bunch
of other cases that could perhaps arise somewhere.

Per bug #15428 from Malthe Borch.  Back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15428-b3c2915ec470b033@postgresql.org