Fix core dump in jsonb #> operator, and add regression test cases.

jsonb's #> operator segfaulted (dereferencing a null pointer) if the RHS
was a zero-length array, as reported in bug #11207 from Justin Van Winkle.
json's #> operator returns NULL in such cases, so for the moment let's
make jsonb act likewise.

Also add a bunch of regression test queries memorializing the -> and #>
operators' behavior for this and other corner cases.

There is a good argument for changing some of these behaviors, as they
are not very consistent with each other, and throwing an error isn't
necessarily a desirable behavior for operators that are likely to be
used in indexes.  However, everybody can agree that a core dump is the
Wrong Thing, and we need test cases even if we decide to change their
expected output later.