Move synchronous_standbys_defined updates from WAL writer to BG writer.

This is advantageous because the BG writer is alive until much later in
the shutdown sequence than WAL writer; we want to make sure that it's
possible to shut off synchronous replication during a smart shutdown,
else it might not be possible to complete the shutdown at all.

Per very reasonable gripes from Fujii Masao and Simon Riggs.