Obtain table locks as soon as practical during pg_dump.

For some reason, when we (I) added table lock acquisition to pg_dump,
we didn't think about making it happen as soon as possible after the
start of the transaction.  What with subsequent additions, there was
actually quite a lot going on before we got around to that; which sort
of defeats the purpose.  Rearrange the order of calls in dumpSchema()
to close the risk window as much as we easily can.  Back-patch to all
supported branches.