Add some checks on "char"-type columns to type_sanity and opr_sanity.

I noticed that the sanity checks in the regression tests omitted to
check a couple of "poor man's enum" columns that you'd reasonably
expect them to check.

There are other "char"-type columns in system catalogs that are not
covered by either type_sanity or opr_sanity, e.g. pg_rewrite.ev_type.
However, those catalogs are not populated with any manually-created
data during bootstrap, so it seems less necessary to check them
this way.