Improve handling of INT_MIN / -1 and related cases.

Some platforms throw an exception for this division, rather than returning
a necessarily-overflowed result.  Since we were testing for overflow after
the fact, an exception isn't nice.  We can avoid the problem by treating
division by -1 as negation.

Add some regression tests so that we'll find out if any compilers try to
optimize away the overflow check conditions.

Back-patch of commit 1f7cb5c3.

Per discussion with Xi Wang, though this is different from the patch he
submitted.