createas.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * createas.c
 *	  Execution of CREATE TABLE ... AS, a/k/a SELECT INTO
 *	  Since CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW shares syntax and most behaviors,
 *	  implement that here, too.
 *
 * We implement this by diverting the query's normal output to a
 * specialized DestReceiver type.
 *
 * Formerly, this command was implemented as a variant of SELECT, which led
 * to assorted legacy behaviors that we still try to preserve, notably that
 * we must return a tuples-processed count in the completionTag.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2013, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/commands/createas.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/reloptions.h"
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/toasting.h"
#include "commands/createas.h"
#include "commands/matview.h"
#include "commands/prepare.h"
#include "commands/tablecmds.h"
#include "commands/view.h"
#include "parser/analyze.h"
#include "parser/parse_clause.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
#include "storage/smgr.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"


typedef struct
{
	DestReceiver pub;			/* publicly-known function pointers */
	IntoClause *into;			/* target relation specification */
	Query		*viewParse;		/* the query which defines/populates data */
	/* These fields are filled by intorel_startup: */
	Relation	rel;			/* relation to write to */
	CommandId	output_cid;		/* cmin to insert in output tuples */
	int			hi_options;		/* heap_insert performance options */
	BulkInsertState bistate;	/* bulk insert state */
} DR_intorel;

static void intorel_startup(DestReceiver *self, int operation, TupleDesc typeinfo);
static void intorel_receive(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self);
static void intorel_shutdown(DestReceiver *self);
static void intorel_destroy(DestReceiver *self);


/*
 * Common setup needed by both normal execution and EXPLAIN ANALYZE.
 */
Query *
SetupForCreateTableAs(Query *query, IntoClause *into, const char *queryString,
					   ParamListInfo params, DestReceiver *dest)
{
	List       *rewritten;
	Query	   *viewParse = NULL;

	Assert(query->commandType == CMD_SELECT);

	if (into->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
		viewParse = (Query *) parse_analyze((Node *) copyObject(query),
											queryString, NULL, 0)->utilityStmt;

	/*
	 * Parse analysis was done already, but we still have to run the rule
	 * rewriter.  We do not do AcquireRewriteLocks: we assume the query either
	 * came straight from the parser, or suitable locks were acquired by
	 * plancache.c.
	 *
	 * Because the rewriter and planner tend to scribble on the input, we make
	 * a preliminary copy of the source querytree.	This prevents problems in
	 * the case that CTAS is in a portal or plpgsql function and is executed
	 * repeatedly.	(See also the same hack in EXPLAIN and PREPARE.)
	 */
	rewritten = QueryRewrite((Query *) copyObject(query));

	/* SELECT should never rewrite to more or less than one SELECT query */
	if (list_length(rewritten) != 1)
		elog(ERROR, "unexpected rewrite result for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT");
	query = (Query *) linitial(rewritten);

	Assert(query->commandType == CMD_SELECT);

	/* Save the query after rewrite but before planning. */
	((DR_intorel *) dest)->viewParse = viewParse;
	((DR_intorel *) dest)->into = into;

	if (into->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
	{
		/*
		 * A materialized view would either need to save parameters for use in
		 * maintaining or loading the data or prohibit them entirely. The
		 * latter seems safer and more sane.
		 */
		if (params != NULL && params->numParams > 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("materialized views may not be defined using bound parameters")));
	}

	return query;
}

/*
 * ExecCreateTableAs -- execute a CREATE TABLE AS command
 */
void
ExecCreateTableAs(CreateTableAsStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
				  ParamListInfo params, char *completionTag)
{
	Query	   *query = (Query *) stmt->query;
	IntoClause *into = stmt->into;
	DestReceiver *dest;
	PlannedStmt *plan;
	QueryDesc  *queryDesc;
	ScanDirection dir;

	/*
	 * Create the tuple receiver object and insert info it will need
	 */
	dest = CreateIntoRelDestReceiver(into);

	/*
	 * The contained Query could be a SELECT, or an EXECUTE utility command.
	 * If the latter, we just pass it off to ExecuteQuery.
	 */
	Assert(IsA(query, Query));
	if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
		IsA(query->utilityStmt, ExecuteStmt))
	{
		ExecuteStmt *estmt = (ExecuteStmt *) query->utilityStmt;

		ExecuteQuery(estmt, into, queryString, params, dest, completionTag);

		return;
	}

	query = SetupForCreateTableAs(query, into, queryString, params, dest);

	/* plan the query */
	plan = pg_plan_query(query, 0, params);

	/*
	 * Use a snapshot with an updated command ID to ensure this query sees
	 * results of any previously executed queries.	(This could only matter if
	 * the planner executed an allegedly-stable function that changed the
	 * database contents, but let's do it anyway to be parallel to the EXPLAIN
	 * code path.)
	 */
	PushCopiedSnapshot(GetActiveSnapshot());
	UpdateActiveSnapshotCommandId();

	/* Create a QueryDesc, redirecting output to our tuple receiver */
	queryDesc = CreateQueryDesc(plan, queryString,
								GetActiveSnapshot(), InvalidSnapshot,
								dest, params, 0);

	/* call ExecutorStart to prepare the plan for execution */
	ExecutorStart(queryDesc, GetIntoRelEFlags(into));

	/*
	 * Normally, we run the plan to completion; but if skipData is specified,
	 * just do tuple receiver startup and shutdown.
	 */
	if (into->skipData)
		dir = NoMovementScanDirection;
	else
		dir = ForwardScanDirection;

	/* run the plan */
	ExecutorRun(queryDesc, dir, 0L);

	/* save the rowcount if we're given a completionTag to fill */
	if (completionTag)
		snprintf(completionTag, COMPLETION_TAG_BUFSIZE,
				 "SELECT %u", queryDesc->estate->es_processed);

	/* and clean up */
	ExecutorFinish(queryDesc);
	ExecutorEnd(queryDesc);

	FreeQueryDesc(queryDesc);

	PopActiveSnapshot();
}

/*
 * GetIntoRelEFlags --- compute executor flags needed for CREATE TABLE AS
 *
 * This is exported because EXPLAIN and PREPARE need it too.  (Note: those
 * callers still need to deal explicitly with the skipData flag; since they
 * use different methods for suppressing execution, it doesn't seem worth
 * trying to encapsulate that part.)
 */
int
GetIntoRelEFlags(IntoClause *intoClause)
{
	int		flags;
	/*
	 * We need to tell the executor whether it has to produce OIDs or not,
	 * because it doesn't have enough information to do so itself (since we
	 * can't build the target relation until after ExecutorStart).
	 */
	if (interpretOidsOption(intoClause->options, intoClause->relkind))
		flags = EXEC_FLAG_WITH_OIDS;
	else
		flags = EXEC_FLAG_WITHOUT_OIDS;

	Assert(intoClause->relkind != RELKIND_MATVIEW ||
		   (flags & (EXEC_FLAG_WITH_OIDS | EXEC_FLAG_WITHOUT_OIDS)) ==
		   EXEC_FLAG_WITHOUT_OIDS);

	if (intoClause->skipData)
		flags |= EXEC_FLAG_WITH_NO_DATA;

	return flags;
}

/*
 * CreateIntoRelDestReceiver -- create a suitable DestReceiver object
 *
 * intoClause will be NULL if called from CreateDestReceiver(), in which
 * case it has to be provided later.  However, it is convenient to allow
 * self->into to be filled in immediately for other callers.
 */
DestReceiver *
CreateIntoRelDestReceiver(IntoClause *intoClause)
{
	DR_intorel *self = (DR_intorel *) palloc0(sizeof(DR_intorel));

	self->pub.receiveSlot = intorel_receive;
	self->pub.rStartup = intorel_startup;
	self->pub.rShutdown = intorel_shutdown;
	self->pub.rDestroy = intorel_destroy;
	self->pub.mydest = DestIntoRel;
	self->into = intoClause;
	/* other private fields will be set during intorel_startup */

	return (DestReceiver *) self;
}

/*
 * intorel_startup --- executor startup
 */
static void
intorel_startup(DestReceiver *self, int operation, TupleDesc typeinfo)
{
	DR_intorel *myState = (DR_intorel *) self;
	IntoClause *into = myState->into;
	CreateStmt *create;
	Oid			intoRelationId;
	Relation	intoRelationDesc;
	RangeTblEntry *rte;
	Datum		toast_options;
	ListCell   *lc;
	int			attnum;
	static char *validnsps[] = HEAP_RELOPT_NAMESPACES;

	Assert(into != NULL);		/* else somebody forgot to set it */

	/*
	 * Create the target relation by faking up a CREATE TABLE parsetree and
	 * passing it to DefineRelation.
	 */
	create = makeNode(CreateStmt);
	create->relation = into->rel;
	create->tableElts = NIL;	/* will fill below */
	create->inhRelations = NIL;
	create->ofTypename = NULL;
	create->constraints = NIL;
	create->options = into->options;
	create->oncommit = into->onCommit;
	create->tablespacename = into->tableSpaceName;
	create->if_not_exists = false;

	/*
	 * Build column definitions using "pre-cooked" type and collation info. If
	 * a column name list was specified in CREATE TABLE AS, override the
	 * column names derived from the query.  (Too few column names are OK, too
	 * many are not.)
	 */
	lc = list_head(into->colNames);
	for (attnum = 0; attnum < typeinfo->natts; attnum++)
	{
		Form_pg_attribute attribute = typeinfo->attrs[attnum];
		ColumnDef  *col = makeNode(ColumnDef);
		TypeName   *coltype = makeNode(TypeName);

		if (lc)
		{
			col->colname = strVal(lfirst(lc));
			lc = lnext(lc);
		}
		else
			col->colname = NameStr(attribute->attname);
		col->typeName = coltype;
		col->inhcount = 0;
		col->is_local = true;
		col->is_not_null = false;
		col->is_from_type = false;
		col->storage = 0;
		col->raw_default = NULL;
		col->cooked_default = NULL;
		col->collClause = NULL;
		col->collOid = attribute->attcollation;
		col->constraints = NIL;
		col->fdwoptions = NIL;

		coltype->names = NIL;
		coltype->typeOid = attribute->atttypid;
		coltype->setof = false;
		coltype->pct_type = false;
		coltype->typmods = NIL;
		coltype->typemod = attribute->atttypmod;
		coltype->arrayBounds = NIL;
		coltype->location = -1;

		/*
		 * It's possible that the column is of a collatable type but the
		 * collation could not be resolved, so double-check.  (We must check
		 * this here because DefineRelation would adopt the type's default
		 * collation rather than complaining.)
		 */
		if (!OidIsValid(col->collOid) &&
			type_is_collatable(coltype->typeOid))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_COLLATION),
					 errmsg("no collation was derived for column \"%s\" with collatable type %s",
							col->colname, format_type_be(coltype->typeOid)),
					 errhint("Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.")));

		create->tableElts = lappend(create->tableElts, col);
	}

	if (lc != NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 errmsg("too many column names are specified")));

	/*
	 * Enforce validations needed for materialized views only.
	 */
	if (into->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
	{
		/*
		* Prohibit a data-modifying CTE in the query used to create a
		* materialized view. It's not sufficiently clear what the user would
		* want to happen if the MV is refreshed or incrementally maintained.
		*/
		if (myState->viewParse->hasModifyingCTE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("materialized views must not use data-modifying statements in WITH")));

		/*
		 * Check whether any temporary database objects are used in the
		 * creation query. It would be hard to refresh data or incrementally
		 * maintain it if a source disappeared.
		 */
		if (isQueryUsingTempRelation(myState->viewParse))
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("materialized views must not use temporary tables or views")));
	}

	/*
	 * Actually create the target table
	 */
	intoRelationId = DefineRelation(create, into->relkind, InvalidOid);

	/*
	 * If necessary, create a TOAST table for the target table.  Note that
	 * AlterTableCreateToastTable ends with CommandCounterIncrement(), so that
	 * the TOAST table will be visible for insertion.
	 */
	CommandCounterIncrement();

	/* parse and validate reloptions for the toast table */
	toast_options = transformRelOptions((Datum) 0,
										create->options,
										"toast",
										validnsps,
										true, false);

	(void) heap_reloptions(RELKIND_TOASTVALUE, toast_options, true);

	AlterTableCreateToastTable(intoRelationId, toast_options);

	/* Create the "view" part of a materialized view. */
	if (into->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW)
	{
		StoreViewQuery(intoRelationId, myState->viewParse, false);
		CommandCounterIncrement();
	}

	/*
	 * Finally we can open the target table
	 */
	intoRelationDesc = heap_open(intoRelationId, AccessExclusiveLock);

	if (into->relkind == RELKIND_MATVIEW && !into->skipData)
		/* Make sure the heap looks good even if no rows are written. */
		SetMatViewToPopulated(intoRelationDesc);

	/*
	 * Check INSERT permission on the constructed table.
	 *
	 * XXX: It would arguably make sense to skip this check if into->skipData
	 * is true.
	 */
	rte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
	rte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte->relid = intoRelationId;
	rte->relkind = into->relkind;
	rte->isResultRel = true;
	rte->requiredPerms = ACL_INSERT;

	for (attnum = 1; attnum <= intoRelationDesc->rd_att->natts; attnum++)
		rte->modifiedCols = bms_add_member(rte->modifiedCols,
								attnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);

	ExecCheckRTPerms(list_make1(rte), true);

	/*
	 * Fill private fields of myState for use by later routines
	 */
	myState->rel = intoRelationDesc;
	myState->output_cid = GetCurrentCommandId(true);

	/*
	 * We can skip WAL-logging the insertions, unless PITR or streaming
	 * replication is in use. We can skip the FSM in any case.
	 */
	myState->hi_options = HEAP_INSERT_SKIP_FSM |
		(XLogIsNeeded() ? 0 : HEAP_INSERT_SKIP_WAL);
	myState->bistate = GetBulkInsertState();

	/* Not using WAL requires smgr_targblock be initially invalid */
	Assert(RelationGetTargetBlock(intoRelationDesc) == InvalidBlockNumber);
}

/*
 * intorel_receive --- receive one tuple
 */
static void
intorel_receive(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
{
	DR_intorel *myState = (DR_intorel *) self;
	HeapTuple	tuple;

	/*
	 * get the heap tuple out of the tuple table slot, making sure we have a
	 * writable copy
	 */
	tuple = ExecMaterializeSlot(slot);

	/*
	 * force assignment of new OID (see comments in ExecInsert)
	 */
	if (myState->rel->rd_rel->relhasoids)
		HeapTupleSetOid(tuple, InvalidOid);

	heap_insert(myState->rel,
				tuple,
				myState->output_cid,
				myState->hi_options,
				myState->bistate);

	/* We know this is a newly created relation, so there are no indexes */
}

/*
 * intorel_shutdown --- executor end
 */
static void
intorel_shutdown(DestReceiver *self)
{
	DR_intorel *myState = (DR_intorel *) self;

	FreeBulkInsertState(myState->bistate);

	/* If we skipped using WAL, must heap_sync before commit */
	if (myState->hi_options & HEAP_INSERT_SKIP_WAL)
		heap_sync(myState->rel);

	/* close rel, but keep lock until commit */
	heap_close(myState->rel, NoLock);
	myState->rel = NULL;
}

/*
 * intorel_destroy --- release DestReceiver object
 */
static void
intorel_destroy(DestReceiver *self)
{
	pfree(self);
}