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23 results

describe.c

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  • describe.c 83.80 KiB
    /*
     * psql - the PostgreSQL interactive terminal
     *
     * Support for the various \d ("describe") commands.  Note that the current
     * expectation is that all functions in this file will succeed when working
     * with servers of versions 7.4 and up.  It's okay to omit irrelevant
     * information for an old server, but not to fail outright.
     *
     * Copyright (c) 2000-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
     *
     * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c,v 1.204 2009/04/02 15:15:32 momjian Exp $
     */
    #include "postgres_fe.h"
    
    #include <ctype.h>
    
    #include "common.h"
    #include "describe.h"
    #include "dumputils.h"
    #include "mbprint.h"
    #include "print.h"
    #include "settings.h"
    #include "variables.h"
    
    
    static bool describeOneTableDetails(const char *schemaname,
    						const char *relationname,
    						const char *oid,
    						bool verbose);
    static void add_tablespace_footer(printTableContent *const cont, char relkind,
    						Oid tablespace, const bool newline);
    static void add_role_attribute(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *const str);
    static bool listTSParsersVerbose(const char *pattern);
    static bool describeOneTSParser(const char *oid, const char *nspname,
    					const char *prsname);
    static bool listTSConfigsVerbose(const char *pattern);
    static bool describeOneTSConfig(const char *oid, const char *nspname,
    					const char *cfgname,
    					const char *pnspname, const char *prsname);
    static void printACLColumn(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *colname);
    
    
    /*----------------
     * Handlers for various slash commands displaying some sort of list
     * of things in the database.
     *
     * Note: try to format the queries to look nice in -E output.
     *----------------
     */
    
    
    /* \da
     * Takes an optional regexp to select particular aggregates
     */
    bool
    describeAggregates(const char *pattern, bool verbose, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  p.proname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.format_type(p.prorettype, NULL) AS \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Result data type"));
    
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80200)
    	    appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  CASE WHEN p.pronargs = 0\n"
    					  "    THEN CAST('*' AS pg_catalog.text)\n"
    					  "    ELSE\n"
    					  "    pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
    					  "      SELECT\n"
    					  "        pg_catalog.format_type(p.proargtypes[s.i], NULL)\n"
    					  "      FROM\n"
    					  "        pg_catalog.generate_series(0, pg_catalog.array_upper(p.proargtypes, 1)) AS s(i)\n"
    					  "    ), ', ')\n"
    					  "  END AS \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Argument data types"));
    	else
    	    appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  pg_catalog.format_type(p.proargtypes[0], NULL) AS \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Argument data types"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    				 "  pg_catalog.obj_description(p.oid, 'pg_proc') as \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc p\n"
    	   "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.pronamespace\n"
    					  "WHERE p.proisagg\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.proname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_function_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2, 4;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of aggregate functions");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /* \db
     * Takes an optional regexp to select particular tablespaces
     */
    bool
    describeTablespaces(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80000)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support tablespaces.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT spcname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(spcowner) AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  spclocation AS \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"),
    					  gettext_noop("Location"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ",\n  ");
    		printACLColumn(&buf, "spcacl");
    	}
    
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
                              ",\n  pg_catalog.shobj_description(oid, 'pg_tablespace') AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  NULL, "spcname", NULL,
    						  NULL);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of tablespaces");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /* \df
     * Takes an optional regexp to select particular functions
     */
    bool
    describeFunctions(const char *pattern, bool verbose, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  p.proname as \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"));
    
        if (pset.sversion >= 80400)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_function_result(p.oid) as \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_function_arguments(p.oid) as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Result data type"),
    						  gettext_noop("Argument data types"));
        else if (pset.sversion >= 80100)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  CASE WHEN p.proretset THEN 'SETOF ' ELSE '' END ||\n"
    				  "  pg_catalog.format_type(p.prorettype, NULL) as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  CASE WHEN proallargtypes IS NOT NULL THEN\n"
    					  "    pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
    					  "      SELECT\n"
    					  "        CASE\n"
    					  "          WHEN p.proargmodes[s.i] = 'i' THEN ''\n"
    					  "          WHEN p.proargmodes[s.i] = 'o' THEN 'OUT '\n"
    					  "          WHEN p.proargmodes[s.i] = 'b' THEN 'INOUT '\n"
    					  "          WHEN p.proargmodes[s.i] = 'v' THEN 'VARIADIC '\n"
    					  "        END ||\n"
    					  "        CASE\n"
    			 "          WHEN COALESCE(p.proargnames[s.i], '') = '' THEN ''\n"
    					  "          ELSE p.proargnames[s.i] || ' ' \n"
    					  "        END ||\n"
    			  "        pg_catalog.format_type(p.proallargtypes[s.i], NULL)\n"
    					  "      FROM\n"
    					  "        pg_catalog.generate_series(1, pg_catalog.array_upper(p.proallargtypes, 1)) AS s(i)\n"
    					  "    ), ', ')\n"
    					  "  ELSE\n"
    					  "    pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
    					  "      SELECT\n"
    					  "        CASE\n"
    		   "          WHEN COALESCE(p.proargnames[s.i+1], '') = '' THEN ''\n"
    					  "          ELSE p.proargnames[s.i+1] || ' '\n"
    					  "          END ||\n"
    				 "        pg_catalog.format_type(p.proargtypes[s.i], NULL)\n"
    					  "      FROM\n"
    					  "        pg_catalog.generate_series(0, pg_catalog.array_upper(p.proargtypes, 1)) AS s(i)\n"
    					  "    ), ', ')\n"
    					  "  END AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Result data type"),
    						  gettext_noop("Argument data types"));
    	else
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  CASE WHEN p.proretset THEN 'SETOF ' ELSE '' END ||\n"
    				  "  pg_catalog.format_type(p.prorettype, NULL) as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.oidvectortypes(p.proargtypes) as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Result data type"),
    						  gettext_noop("Argument data types"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n CASE\n"
    						  "  WHEN p.provolatile = 'i' THEN 'immutable'\n"
    						  "  WHEN p.provolatile = 's' THEN 'stable'\n"
    						  "  WHEN p.provolatile = 'v' THEN 'volatile'\n"
    						  "END as \"%s\""
    						  ",\n  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(p.proowner) as \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  l.lanname as \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  p.prosrc as \"%s\",\n"
    				  "  pg_catalog.obj_description(p.oid, 'pg_proc') as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Volatility"),
    						  gettext_noop("Owner"),
    						  gettext_noop("Language"),
    						  gettext_noop("Source code"),
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_proc p"
    					  "\n     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.pronamespace\n");
    
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_language l ON l.oid = p.prolang\n");
    
    	/*
    	 * we skip in/out funcs by excluding functions that take or return cstring
    	 */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    		   "WHERE p.prorettype <> 'pg_catalog.cstring'::pg_catalog.regtype\n"
    					  "      AND p.proargtypes[0] IS DISTINCT FROM 'pg_catalog.cstring'::pg_catalog.regtype\n"
    					  "      AND NOT p.proisagg\n");
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.proname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_function_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2, 4;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of functions");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    
    /*
     * \dT
     * describe types
     */
    bool
    describeTypes(const char *pattern, bool verbose, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.format_type(t.oid, NULL) AS \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"));
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "  t.typname AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  CASE WHEN t.typrelid != 0\n"
    						  "      THEN CAST('tuple' AS pg_catalog.text)\n"
    						  "    WHEN t.typlen < 0\n"
    						  "      THEN CAST('var' AS pg_catalog.text)\n"
    						  "    ELSE CAST(t.typlen AS pg_catalog.text)\n"
    						  "  END AS \"%s\",\n",
    						  gettext_noop("Internal name"),
    						  gettext_noop("Size"));
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80300)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "  pg_catalog.array_to_string(\n"
    						  "      ARRAY(\n"
    						  "		     SELECT e.enumlabel\n"
    						  "          FROM pg_catalog.pg_enum e\n"
    						  "          WHERE e.enumtypid = t.oid\n"
    						  "          ORDER BY e.oid\n"
    						  "      ),\n"
    						  "      E'\\n'\n"
    						  "  ) AS \"%s\",\n",
    						  gettext_noop("Elements"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  pg_catalog.obj_description(t.oid, 'pg_type') as \"%s\"\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t\n"
    	 "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace\n");
    
    	/*
    	 * do not include complex types (typrelid!=0) unless they are standalone
    	 * composite types
    	 */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "WHERE (t.typrelid = 0 ");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "OR (SELECT c.relkind = 'c' FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c "
    					  "WHERE c.oid = t.typrelid))\n");
    	/*
    	 * do not include array types (before 8.3 we have to use the assumption
    	 * that their names start with underscore)
    	 */
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80300)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "  AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_type el WHERE el.oid = t.typelem AND el.typarray = t.oid)\n");
    	else
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "  AND t.typname !~ '^_'\n");
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	/* Match name pattern against either internal or external name */
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "t.typname",
    						  "pg_catalog.format_type(t.oid, NULL)",
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(t.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of data types");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /* \do
     */
    bool
    describeOperators(const char *pattern, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  o.oprname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  CASE WHEN o.oprkind='l' THEN NULL ELSE pg_catalog.format_type(o.oprleft, NULL) END AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  CASE WHEN o.oprkind='r' THEN NULL ELSE pg_catalog.format_type(o.oprright, NULL) END AS \"%s\",\n"
    				   "  pg_catalog.format_type(o.oprresult, NULL) AS \"%s\",\n"
    			 "  coalesce(pg_catalog.obj_description(o.oid, 'pg_operator'),\n"
    	"           pg_catalog.obj_description(o.oprcode, 'pg_proc')) AS \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator o\n"
    	  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = o.oprnamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Left arg type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Right arg type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Result type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      WHERE n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, !showSystem && !pattern, true,
    						  "n.nspname", "o.oprname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_operator_is_visible(o.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 4;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of operators");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * listAllDbs
     *
     * for \l, \list, and -l switch
     */
    bool
    listAllDbs(bool verbose)
    {
    	PGresult   *res;
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT d.datname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(d.datdba) as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(d.encoding) as \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"),
    					  gettext_noop("Encoding"));
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80400)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "       d.datcollate as \"%s\",\n"
    						  "       d.datctype as \"%s\",\n",
    						  gettext_noop("Collation"),
    						  gettext_noop("Ctype"));
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "       ");
    	printACLColumn(&buf, "d.datacl");
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n       CASE WHEN pg_catalog.has_database_privilege(d.datname, 'CONNECT')\n"
    						  "            THEN pg_catalog.pg_size_pretty(pg_catalog.pg_database_size(d.datname))\n"
    						  "            ELSE 'No Access'\n"
    						  "       END as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Size"));
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80000)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n       t.spcname as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Tablespace"));
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    		    appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n       pg_catalog.shobj_description(d.oid, 'pg_database') as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_database d\n");
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80000)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    		   "  JOIN pg_catalog.pg_tablespace t on d.dattablespace = t.oid\n");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of databases");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * List Tables' Grant/Revoke Permissions
     * \z (now also \dp -- perhaps more mnemonic)
     */
    bool
    permissionsList(const char *pattern)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {false, false, true, false, false};
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	/*
    	 * we ignore indexes and toast tables since they have no meaningful rights
    	 */
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  c.relname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN '%s' WHEN 'v' THEN '%s' WHEN 'S' THEN '%s' END as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  ",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("table"), gettext_noop("view"), gettext_noop("sequence"),
    					  gettext_noop("Type"));
    
    	printACLColumn(&buf, "c.relacl");
    
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80400)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n  pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
    						  "    SELECT attname || E':\\n  ' || pg_catalog.array_to_string(attacl, E'\\n  ')\n"
    						  "    FROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a\n"
    						  "    WHERE attrelid = c.oid AND NOT attisdropped AND attacl IS NOT NULL\n"
    						  "  ), E'\\n') AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Column access privileges"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_class c\n"
    	   "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n"
    					  "WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'S')\n");
    
    	/*
    	 * Unless a schema pattern is specified, we suppress system and temp
    	 * tables, since they normally aren't very interesting from a permissions
    	 * point of view.  You can see 'em by explicit request though, eg with \z
    	 * pg_catalog.*
    	 */
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.relname", NULL,
    			"n.nspname !~ '^pg_' AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	if (!res)
    	{
    		termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Access privileges"));
    	myopt.title = buf.data;
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    
    /*
     * Get object comments
     *
     * \dd [foo]
     *
     * Note: This only lists things that actually have a description. For complete
     * lists of things, there are other \d? commands.
     */
    bool
    objectDescription(const char *pattern, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {false, false, true, false};
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT DISTINCT tt.nspname AS \"%s\", tt.name AS \"%s\", tt.object AS \"%s\", d.description AS \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM (\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Object"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	/* Aggregate descriptions */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "  SELECT p.oid as oid, p.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(p.proname AS pg_catalog.text) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc p\n"
    	 "       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.pronamespace\n"
    					  "  WHERE p.proisagg\n",
    					  gettext_noop("aggregate"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.proname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_function_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	/* Function descriptions (except in/outs for datatypes) */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT p.oid as oid, p.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(p.proname AS pg_catalog.text) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_proc p\n"
    	 "       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.pronamespace\n"
    
    		 "  WHERE p.prorettype <> 'pg_catalog.cstring'::pg_catalog.regtype\n"
    					  "      AND (p.proargtypes[0] IS NULL\n"
    					  "      OR   p.proargtypes[0] <> 'pg_catalog.cstring'::pg_catalog.regtype)\n"
    					  "      AND NOT p.proisagg\n",
    					  gettext_noop("function"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.proname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_function_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	/* Operator descriptions (only if operator has its own comment) */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT o.oid as oid, o.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(o.oprname AS pg_catalog.text) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_operator o\n"
    	"       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = o.oprnamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("operator"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      WHERE n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
     
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, !showSystem && !pattern, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "o.oprname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_operator_is_visible(o.oid)");
    
    	/* Type description */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT t.oid as oid, t.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.format_type(t.oid, NULL) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t\n"
    	"       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("data type"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      WHERE n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, !showSystem && !pattern, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "pg_catalog.format_type(t.oid, NULL)",
    						  NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(t.oid)");
    
    	/* Relation (tables, views, indexes, sequences) descriptions */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT c.oid as oid, c.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(c.relname AS pg_catalog.text) as name,\n"
    					  "  CAST(\n"
    					  "    CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN '%s' WHEN 'v' THEN '%s' WHEN 'i' THEN '%s' WHEN 'S' THEN '%s' END"
    					  "  AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c\n"
    	 "       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n"
    					  "  WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'v', 'i', 'S')\n",
    					  gettext_noop("table"),
    					  gettext_noop("view"),
    					  gettext_noop("index"),
    					  gettext_noop("sequence"));
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.relname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	/* Rule description (ignore rules for views) */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT r.oid as oid, r.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(r.rulename AS pg_catalog.text) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_rewrite r\n"
    				  "       JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c ON c.oid = r.ev_class\n"
    	 "       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n"
    					  "  WHERE r.rulename != '_RETURN'\n",
    					  gettext_noop("rule"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	/* XXX not sure what to do about visibility rule here? */
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "r.rulename", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	/* Trigger description */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "UNION ALL\n"
    					  "  SELECT t.oid as oid, t.tableoid as tableoid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname as nspname,\n"
    					  "  CAST(t.tgname AS pg_catalog.text) as name,"
    					  "  CAST('%s' AS pg_catalog.text) as object\n"
    					  "  FROM pg_catalog.pg_trigger t\n"
    				   "       JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c ON c.oid = t.tgrelid\n"
    	"       LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("trigger"));
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      WHERE n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	/* XXX not sure what to do about visibility rule here? */
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, !showSystem && !pattern, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "t.tgname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  ") AS tt\n"
    					  "  JOIN pg_catalog.pg_description d ON (tt.oid = d.objoid AND tt.tableoid = d.classoid AND d.objsubid = 0)\n");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("Object descriptions");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * describeTableDetails (for \d)
     *
     * This routine finds the tables to be displayed, and calls
     * describeOneTableDetails for each one.
     *
     * verbose: if true, this is \d+
     */
    bool
    describeTableDetails(const char *pattern, bool verbose, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	int			i;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT c.oid,\n"
    					  "  n.nspname,\n"
    					  "  c.relname\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c\n"
    	 "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace\n");
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      WHERE n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, !showSystem && !pattern, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.relname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 2, 3;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	if (PQntuples(res) == 0)
    	{
    		if (!pset.quiet)
    			fprintf(stderr, _("Did not find any relation named \"%s\".\n"),
    					pattern);
    		PQclear(res);
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
    	{
    		const char *oid;
    		const char *nspname;
    		const char *relname;
    
    		oid = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
    		nspname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
    		relname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
    
    		if (!describeOneTableDetails(nspname, relname, oid, verbose))
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    		if (cancel_pressed)
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    	}
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * describeOneTableDetails (for \d)
     *
     * Unfortunately, the information presented here is so complicated that it
     * cannot be done in a single query. So we have to assemble the printed table
     * by hand and pass it to the underlying printTable() function.
     */
    static bool
    describeOneTableDetails(const char *schemaname,
    						const char *relationname,
    						const char *oid,
    						bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res = NULL;
    	printTableOpt myopt = pset.popt.topt;
    	printTableContent cont;
    	bool printTableInitialized = false;
    	int			i;
    	char	   *view_def = NULL;
    	char	   *headers[6];
    	char	  **seq_values = NULL;
    	char	  **modifiers = NULL;
    	char	  **ptr;
    	PQExpBufferData title;
    	PQExpBufferData tmpbuf;
    	int			cols = 0;
    	int			numrows = 0;
    	struct
    	{
    		int16		checks;
    		char		relkind;
    		bool		hasindex;
    		bool		hasrules;
    		bool		hastriggers;
    		bool		hasoids;
    		Oid			tablespace;
    		char	   *reloptions;
    	}			tableinfo;
    	bool		show_modifiers = false;
    	bool		retval;
    
    	retval = false;
    
    	/* This output looks confusing in expanded mode. */
    	myopt.expanded = false;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	initPQExpBuffer(&title);
    	initPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf);
    
    	/* Get general table info */
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80400)
    	{
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT c.relchecks, c.relkind, c.relhasindex, c.relhasrules, "
    						  "c.relhastriggers, c.relhasoids, "
    						  "%s, c.reltablespace\n"
    						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c\n "
    						  "LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class tc ON (c.reltoastrelid = tc.oid)\n"
    						  "WHERE c.oid = '%s'\n",
    						  (verbose ?
    						  "pg_catalog.array_to_string(c.reloptions || "
    						  "array(select 'toast.' || x from pg_catalog.unnest(tc.reloptions) x), ', ')\n"
    						  : "''"),
    						  oid);
    	}
    	else if (pset.sversion >= 80200)
    	{
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT relchecks, relkind, relhasindex, relhasrules, "
    						  "reltriggers <> 0, relhasoids, "
    						  "%s, reltablespace\n"
    						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_class WHERE oid = '%s'",
    						  (verbose ?
    						   "pg_catalog.array_to_string(reloptions, E', ')" : ",''"),
    						  oid);
    	}
    	else if (pset.sversion >= 80000)
    	{
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT relchecks, relkind, relhasindex, relhasrules, "
    						  "reltriggers <> 0, relhasoids, "
    						  "'', reltablespace\n"
    						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_class WHERE oid = '%s'",
    						  oid);
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT relchecks, relkind, relhasindex, relhasrules, "
    						  "reltriggers <> 0, relhasoids, "
    						  "'', ''\n"
    						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_class WHERE oid = '%s'",
    						  oid);
    	}
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	if (!res)
    		goto error_return;
    
    	/* Did we get anything? */
    	if (PQntuples(res) == 0)
    	{
    		if (!pset.quiet)
    			fprintf(stderr, _("Did not find any relation with OID %s.\n"),
    					oid);
    		goto error_return;
    	}
    
    	tableinfo.checks = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
    	tableinfo.relkind = *(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 1));
    	tableinfo.hasindex = strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 2), "t") == 0;
    	tableinfo.hasrules = strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 3), "t") == 0;
    	tableinfo.hastriggers = strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 4), "t") == 0;
    	tableinfo.hasoids = strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 5), "t") == 0;
    	tableinfo.reloptions = pset.sversion >= 80200 ?
    							strdup(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 6)) : 0;
    	tableinfo.tablespace = (pset.sversion >= 80000) ?
    								atooid(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 7)) : 0;
    	PQclear(res);
    	res = NULL;
    	
    	/*
    	 * If it's a sequence, fetch its values and store into an
    	 * array that will be used later.
    	 */
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'S')
    	{
    		PGresult   *result;
    		
    #define SEQ_NUM_COLS 10
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT sequence_name, last_value,\n"
    						  "       start_value, increment_by,\n"
    						  "       max_value, min_value, cache_value,\n"
    						  "       log_cnt, is_cycled, is_called\n"
    						  "FROM %s",
    						  fmtId(schemaname));
    		/* must be separate because fmtId isn't reentrant */
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ".%s", fmtId(relationname));
    		
    		result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    		if (!result)
    			goto error_return;
    		
    		seq_values = pg_malloc_zero((SEQ_NUM_COLS+1) * sizeof(*seq_values));
    		
    		for (i = 0; i < SEQ_NUM_COLS; i++) 
    			seq_values[i] = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(result, 0, i));
    		
    		PQclear(result);
    	}
    
    	/* Get column info (index requires additional checks) */
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "SELECT a.attname,");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\n  pg_catalog.format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),"
    					  "\n  (SELECT substring(pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid) for 128)"
    					  "\n   FROM pg_catalog.pg_attrdef d"
    					  "\n   WHERE d.adrelid = a.attrelid AND d.adnum = a.attnum AND a.atthasdef),"
    					  "\n  a.attnotnull, a.attnum");
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ", a.attstorage, pg_catalog.col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum)");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_attribute a");
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'i')
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ", pg_catalog.pg_index i");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nWHERE a.attrelid = '%s' AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped", oid);
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'i')
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " AND a.attrelid = i.indexrelid");
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nORDER BY a.attnum");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	if (!res)
    		goto error_return;
    	numrows = PQntuples(res);
    
    	/* Make title */
    	switch (tableinfo.relkind)
    	{
    		case 'r':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Table \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 'v':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("View \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 'S':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Sequence \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 'i':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Index \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 's':
    			/* not used as of 8.2, but keep it for backwards compatibility */
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Special relation \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 't':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("TOAST table \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		case 'c':
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Composite type \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    		default:
    			/* untranslated unknown relkind */
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&title, "?%c? \"%s.%s\"",
    							  tableinfo.relkind, schemaname, relationname);
    			break;
    	}
    
    	/* Set the number of columns, and their names */
    	cols += 2;
    	headers[0] = gettext_noop("Column");
    	headers[1] = gettext_noop("Type");
    
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'r' || tableinfo.relkind == 'v')
    	{
    		show_modifiers = true;
    		headers[cols++] = gettext_noop("Modifiers");
    		modifiers = pg_malloc_zero((numrows + 1) * sizeof(*modifiers));
    	}
    
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'S')
    		headers[cols++] = gettext_noop("Value");
    		
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		headers[cols++] = gettext_noop("Storage");
    		headers[cols++] = gettext_noop("Description");
    	}
    	
    	printTableInit(&cont, &myopt, title.data, cols, numrows);
    	printTableInitialized = true;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < cols; i++)
    		printTableAddHeader(&cont, headers[i], true, 'l');
    
    	/* Check if table is a view */
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'v')
    	{
    		PGresult   *result;
    
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_viewdef('%s'::pg_catalog.oid, true)",
    						  oid);
    		result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    		if (!result)
    			goto error_return;
    
    		if (PQntuples(result) > 0)
    			view_def = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(result, 0, 0));
    
    		PQclear(result);
    	}
    
    	/* Generate table cells to be printed */
    	for (i = 0; i < numrows; i++)
    	{
    		/* Column */
    		printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 0), false);
    
    		/* Type */
    		printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 1), false);
    
    		/* Modifiers: not null and default */
    		if (show_modifiers)
    		{
    			resetPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf);
    			if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 3), "t") == 0)
    				appendPQExpBufferStr(&tmpbuf, _("not null"));
    
    			/* handle "default" here */
    			/* (note: above we cut off the 'default' string at 128) */
    			if (strlen(PQgetvalue(res, i, 2)) != 0)
    			{
    				if (tmpbuf.len > 0)
    					appendPQExpBufferStr(&tmpbuf, " ");
    				/* translator: default values of column definitions */
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _("default %s"),
    								  PQgetvalue(res, i, 2));
    			}
    
    			modifiers[i] = pg_strdup(tmpbuf.data);
    			printTableAddCell(&cont, modifiers[i], false);
    		}
    
    		/* Value: for sequences only */
    		if (tableinfo.relkind == 'S')
    			printTableAddCell(&cont, seq_values[i], false);
    
    		/* Storage and Description */
    		if (verbose)
    		{
    			char *storage = PQgetvalue(res, i, 5);
    
    			/* these strings are literal in our syntax, so not translated. */
    			printTableAddCell(&cont, (storage[0]=='p' ? "plain" :
    									  (storage[0]=='m' ? "main" :
    									   (storage[0]=='x' ? "extended" :
    										(storage[0]=='e' ? "external" :
    										 "???")))),
    							  false);
    			printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 6), false);
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* Make footers */
    	if (tableinfo.relkind == 'i')
    	{
    		/* Footer information about an index */
    		PGresult   *result;
    
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT i.indisunique, i.indisprimary, i.indisclustered, ");
    		if (pset.sversion >= 80200)
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "i.indisvalid, ");
    		else
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "true as indisvalid, ");
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "a.amname, c2.relname,\n"
    					"  pg_catalog.pg_get_expr(i.indpred, i.indrelid, true)\n"
    						  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_index i, pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_class c2, pg_catalog.pg_am a\n"
    		  "WHERE i.indexrelid = c.oid AND c.oid = '%s' AND c.relam = a.oid\n"
    						  "AND i.indrelid = c2.oid",
    						  oid);
    
    		result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    		if (!result)
    			goto error_return;
    		else if (PQntuples(result) != 1)
    		{
    			PQclear(result);
    			goto error_return;
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			char	   *indisunique = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 0);
    			char	   *indisprimary = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 1);
    			char	   *indisclustered = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 2);
    			char	   *indisvalid = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 3);
    			char	   *indamname = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 4);
    			char	   *indtable = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 5);
    			char	   *indpred = PQgetvalue(result, 0, 6);
    
    			if (strcmp(indisprimary, "t") == 0)
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _("primary key, "));
    			else if (strcmp(indisunique, "t") == 0)
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _("unique, "));
    			else
    				resetPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf);
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, "%s, ", indamname);
    
    			/* we assume here that index and table are in same schema */
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _("for table \"%s.%s\""),
    							  schemaname, indtable);
    
    			if (strlen(indpred))
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _(", predicate (%s)"), indpred);
    
    			if (strcmp(indisclustered, "t") == 0)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _(", clustered"));
    
    			if (strcmp(indisvalid, "t") != 0)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf, _(", invalid"));
    
    			printTableAddFooter(&cont, tmpbuf.data);
    			add_tablespace_footer(&cont, tableinfo.relkind,
    								  tableinfo.tablespace, true);
    		}
    
    		PQclear(result);
    	}
    	else if (view_def)
    	{
    		PGresult   *result = NULL;
    
    		/* Footer information about a view */
    		printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("View definition:"));
    		printTableAddFooter(&cont, view_def);
    
    		/* print rules */
    		if (tableinfo.hasrules)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT r.rulename, trim(trailing ';' from pg_catalog.pg_get_ruledef(r.oid, true))\n"
    							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_rewrite r\n"
    			"WHERE r.ev_class = '%s' AND r.rulename != '_RETURN' ORDER BY 1",
    							  oid);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    
    			if (PQntuples(result) > 0)
    			{
    				printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("Rules:"));
    				for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(result); i++)
    				{
    					const char *ruledef;
    
    					/* Everything after "CREATE RULE" is echoed verbatim */
    					ruledef = PQgetvalue(result, i, 1);
    					ruledef += 12;
    
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, " %s", ruledef);
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    	}
    	else if (tableinfo.relkind == 'r')
    	{
    		/* Footer information about a table */
    		PGresult   *result = NULL;
    		int			tuples = 0;
    
    		/* print indexes */
    		if (tableinfo.hasindex)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT c2.relname, i.indisprimary, i.indisunique, i.indisclustered, ");
                if (pset.sversion >= 80200)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "i.indisvalid, ");
                else
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "true as indisvalid, ");
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "pg_catalog.pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid, 0, true)");
                if (pset.sversion >= 80000)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ", c2.reltablespace");
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_class c2, pg_catalog.pg_index i\n"
    							  "WHERE c.oid = '%s' AND c.oid = i.indrelid AND i.indexrelid = c2.oid\n"
    			  "ORDER BY i.indisprimary DESC, i.indisunique DESC, c2.relname",
    							  oid);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("Indexes:"));
    				for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    				{
    					const char *indexdef;
    					const char *usingpos;
    
    					/* untranslated index name */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    \"%s\"",
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
    
    					/* Label as primary key or unique (but not both) */
    					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    									  strcmp(PQgetvalue(result, i, 1), "t") == 0
    									  ? " PRIMARY KEY," :
    									  (strcmp(PQgetvalue(result, i, 2), "t") == 0
    									   ? " UNIQUE,"
    									   : ""));
    					/* Everything after "USING" is echoed verbatim */
    					indexdef = PQgetvalue(result, i, 5);
    					usingpos = strstr(indexdef, " USING ");
    					if (usingpos)
    						indexdef = usingpos + 7;
    
    					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " %s", indexdef);
    
    					if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(result, i, 3), "t") == 0)
    						appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " CLUSTER");
    
    					if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(result, i, 4), "t") != 0)
    						appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, " INVALID");
    
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    
    					/* Print tablespace of the index on the same line */
    					if (pset.sversion >= 80000)
    					    add_tablespace_footer(&cont, 'i',
    											  atooid(PQgetvalue(result, i, 6)),
    											  false);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print table (and column) check constraints */
    		if (tableinfo.checks)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT r.conname, "
    							  "pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true)\n"
    							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r\n"
    					"WHERE r.conrelid = '%s' AND r.contype = 'c'\nORDER BY 1",
    							  oid);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("Check constraints:"));
    				for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    				{
    					/* untranslated contraint name and def */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    \"%s\" %s",
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 1));
    
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print foreign-key constraints (there are none if no triggers) */
    		if (tableinfo.hastriggers)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT conname,\n"
    				   "  pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) as condef\n"
    							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r\n"
    					"WHERE r.conrelid = '%s' AND r.contype = 'f' ORDER BY 1",
    							  oid);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("Foreign-key constraints:"));
    				for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    				{
    					/* untranslated constraint name and def */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    \"%s\" %s",
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 1));
    
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print incoming foreign-key references (none if no triggers) */
    		if (tableinfo.hastriggers)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT conname, conrelid::pg_catalog.regclass,\n"
    							  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(c.oid, true) as condef\n"
    							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint c\n"
    							  "WHERE c.confrelid = '%s' AND c.contype = 'f' ORDER BY 1",
    							  oid);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				printTableAddFooter(&cont, _("Referenced by:"));
    				for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    				{
    					/* translator: the first %s is a FK name, the following are
    					 * a table name and the FK definition */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("  \"%s\" IN %s %s"),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 0),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 1),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, i, 2));
    
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print rules */
    		if (tableinfo.hasrules)
    		{
    			if (pset.sversion >= 80300)
    			{
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    								  "SELECT r.rulename, trim(trailing ';' from pg_catalog.pg_get_ruledef(r.oid, true)), "
    								  "ev_enabled\n"
    								  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_rewrite r\n"
    								  "WHERE r.ev_class = '%s' ORDER BY 1",
    								  oid);
    			}
    			else
    			{
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    								  "SELECT r.rulename, trim(trailing ';' from pg_catalog.pg_get_ruledef(r.oid, true)), "
    								  "'O'::char AS ev_enabled\n"
    								  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_rewrite r\n"
    								  "WHERE r.ev_class = '%s' ORDER BY 1",
    								  oid);
    			}
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				bool		have_heading;
    				int			category;
    
    				for (category = 0; category < 4; category++)
    				{
    					have_heading = false;
    
    					for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    					{
    						const char *ruledef;
    						bool		list_rule = false;
    
    						switch (category)
    						{
    							case 0:
    								if (*PQgetvalue(result, i, 2) == 'O')
    									list_rule = true;
    								break;
    							case 1:
    								if (*PQgetvalue(result, i, 2) == 'D')
    									list_rule = true;
    								break;
    							case 2:
    								if (*PQgetvalue(result, i, 2) == 'A')
    									list_rule = true;
    								break;
    							case 3:
    								if (*PQgetvalue(result, i, 2) == 'R')
    									list_rule = true;
    								break;
    						}
    						if (!list_rule)
    							continue;
    
    						if (!have_heading)
    						{
    							switch (category)
    							{
    								case 0:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Rules:"));
    									break;
    								case 1:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Disabled rules:"));
    									break;
    								case 2:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Rules firing always:"));
    									break;
    								case 3:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Rules firing on replica only:"));
    									break;
    							}
    							printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    							have_heading = true;
    						}
    
    						/* Everything after "CREATE RULE" is echoed verbatim */
    						ruledef = PQgetvalue(result, i, 1);
    						ruledef += 12;
    						printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    %s", ruledef);
    						printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print triggers (but ignore foreign-key triggers) */
    		if (tableinfo.hastriggers)
    		{
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT t.tgname, "
    							  "pg_catalog.pg_get_triggerdef(t.oid), "
    							  "t.tgenabled\n"
    							  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_trigger t\n"
    							  "WHERE t.tgrelid = '%s' AND ",
    							  oid);
    			if (pset.sversion >= 80300)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "t.tgconstraint = 0");
    			else
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    								  "(NOT tgisconstraint "
    								  " OR NOT EXISTS"
    								  "  (SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.pg_depend d "
    								  "   JOIN pg_catalog.pg_constraint c ON (d.refclassid = c.tableoid AND d.refobjid = c.oid) "
    								  "   WHERE d.classid = t.tableoid AND d.objid = t.oid AND d.deptype = 'i' AND c.contype = 'f'))");
    			appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nORDER BY 1");
    
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				goto error_return;
    			else
    				tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    			if (tuples > 0)
    			{
    				bool		have_heading;
    				int			category;
    
    				/*
    				 * split the output into 4 different categories. Enabled triggers,
    				 * disabled triggers and the two special ALWAYS and REPLICA
    				 * configurations.
    				 */
    				for (category = 0; category < 4; category++)
    				{
    					have_heading = false;
    					for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    					{
    						bool		list_trigger;
    						const char *tgdef;
    						const char *usingpos;
    						const char *tgenabled;
    
    						/* Check if this trigger falls into the current category */
    						tgenabled = PQgetvalue(result, i, 2);
    						list_trigger = false;
    						switch (category)
    						{
    							case 0:
    								if (*tgenabled == 'O' || *tgenabled == 't')
    									list_trigger = true;
    								break;
    							case 1:
    								if (*tgenabled == 'D' || *tgenabled == 'f')
    									list_trigger = true;
    								break;
    							case 2:
    								if (*tgenabled == 'A')
    									list_trigger = true;
    								break;
    							case 3:
    								if (*tgenabled == 'R')
    									list_trigger = true;
    								break;
    						}
    						if (list_trigger == false)
    							continue;
    
    						/* Print the category heading once */
    						if (have_heading == false)
    						{
    							switch (category)
    							{
    								case 0:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Triggers:"));
    									break;
    								case 1:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Disabled triggers:"));
    									break;
    								case 2:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Triggers firing always:"));
    									break;
    								case 3:
    									printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Triggers firing on replica only:"));
    									break;
    
    							}
    							printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    							have_heading = true;
    						}
    
    						/* Everything after "TRIGGER" is echoed verbatim */
    						tgdef = PQgetvalue(result, i, 1);
    						usingpos = strstr(tgdef, " TRIGGER ");
    						if (usingpos)
    							tgdef = usingpos + 9;
    
    						printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "    %s", tgdef);
    						printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    		}
    
    		/* print inherited tables */
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "SELECT c.oid::pg_catalog.regclass FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_inherits i WHERE c.oid=i.inhparent AND i.inhrelid = '%s' ORDER BY inhseqno", oid);
    
    		result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    		if (!result)
    			goto error_return;
    		else
    			tuples = PQntuples(result);
    
    		for (i = 0; i < tuples; i++)
    		{
    			const char *s = _("Inherits");
    
    			if (i == 0)
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%s: %s", s, PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
    			else
    				printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%*s  %s", (int) strlen(s), "", PQgetvalue(result, i, 0));
    			if (i < tuples - 1)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ",");
    
    			printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    		}
    		PQclear(result);
    
    		if (verbose)
    		{
    			const char *s = _("Has OIDs");
    
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%s: %s", s,
    							  (tableinfo.hasoids ? _("yes") : _("no")));
    			printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    
    			/* print reloptions */
    			if (pset.sversion >= 80200)
    			{
    				if (tableinfo.reloptions && tableinfo.reloptions[0] != '\0')
    				{
    					const char *t = _("Options");
    
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%s: %s", t,
    									  tableinfo.reloptions);
    					printTableAddFooter(&cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		add_tablespace_footer(&cont, tableinfo.relkind, tableinfo.tablespace,
    							  true);
    	}
    
    	printTable(&cont, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    	printTableCleanup(&cont);
    
    	retval = true;
    
    error_return:
    
    	/* clean up */
    	if (printTableInitialized)
    		printTableCleanup(&cont);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&title);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&tmpbuf);
    	
    	if (seq_values)
    	{
    		for (ptr = seq_values; *ptr; ptr++)
    			free(*ptr);
    		free(seq_values);
    	}
        
    	if (modifiers)
    	{
    		for (ptr = modifiers; *ptr; ptr++)
    			free(*ptr);
    		free(modifiers);
    	}
    
    	if (view_def)
    		free(view_def);
    
    	if (res)
    		PQclear(res);
    
    	return retval;
    }
    
    /*
     * Add a tablespace description to a footer.  If 'newline' is true, it is added
     * in a new line; otherwise it's appended to the current value of the last
     * footer.
     */
    static void
    add_tablespace_footer(printTableContent *const cont, char relkind,
    					  Oid tablespace, const bool newline)
    {
    	/* relkinds for which we support tablespaces */
    	if (relkind == 'r' || relkind == 'i')
    	{
    		/*
    		 * We ignore the database default tablespace so that users not using
    		 * tablespaces don't need to know about them.  This case also covers
    		 * pre-8.0 servers, for which tablespace will always be 0.
    		 */
    		if (tablespace != 0)
    		{
    			PGresult   *result = NULL;
    			PQExpBufferData buf;
    
    			initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    			printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    							  "SELECT spcname FROM pg_catalog.pg_tablespace\n"
    							  "WHERE oid = '%u'", tablespace);
    			result = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    			if (!result)
    				return;
    			/* Should always be the case, but.... */
    			if (PQntuples(result) > 0)
    			{
    				if (newline)
    				{
    					/* Add the tablespace as a new footer */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("Tablespace: \"%s\""),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, 0, 0));
    					printTableAddFooter(cont, buf.data);
    				}
    				else
    				{
    					/* Append the tablespace to the latest footer */
    					printfPQExpBuffer(&buf, "%s", cont->footer->data);
    					/* translator: before this string there's an index
    					 * description like '"foo_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)' */
    					appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, _(", tablespace \"%s\""),
    									  PQgetvalue(result, 0, 0));
    					printTableSetFooter(cont, buf.data);
    				}
    			}
    			PQclear(result);
    			termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     * \du or \dg
     *
     * Describes roles.  Any schema portion of the pattern is ignored.
     */
    bool
    describeRoles(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printTableContent cont;
    	printTableOpt myopt = pset.popt.topt;
    	int			ncols = 3;
    	int			nrows = 0;
    	int			i;
    	int			conns;
    	const char	align = 'l';
    	char	  **attr;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80100)
    	{
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					     "SELECT r.rolname, r.rolsuper, r.rolinherit,\n"
    						 "  r.rolcreaterole, r.rolcreatedb, r.rolcanlogin,\n"
    						 "  r.rolconnlimit,\n"
    					     "  ARRAY(SELECT b.rolname\n"
    					     "        FROM pg_catalog.pg_auth_members m\n"
    					     "        JOIN pg_catalog.pg_roles b ON (m.roleid = b.oid)\n"
    					     "        WHERE m.member = r.oid) as memberof");
    
    		if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    		{
    			appendPQExpBufferStr(&buf, "\n, pg_catalog.shobj_description(r.oid, 'pg_authid') AS description");
    			ncols++;
    		}
    
    		appendPQExpBufferStr(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_roles r\n");
    
    		processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    							  NULL, "r.rolname", NULL, NULL);
        }
        else
        {
    	    printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT u.usename AS rolname,\n"
    					  "  u.usesuper AS rolsuper,\n"
    					  "  true AS rolinherit, false AS rolcreaterole,\n"
    					  "  u.usecreatedb AS rolcreatedb, true AS rolcanlogin,\n"
    					  "  -1 AS rolconnlimit,\n"
    					  "  ARRAY(SELECT g.groname FROM pg_catalog.pg_group g WHERE u.usesysid = ANY(g.grolist)) as memberof"
    					  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_user u\n");
    
    		processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    							  NULL, "u.usename", NULL, NULL);
        }
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	nrows = PQntuples(res);
    	attr = pg_malloc_zero((nrows + 1) * sizeof(*attr));
    
    	printTableInit(&cont, &myopt, _("List of roles"), ncols, nrows);
    
    	printTableAddHeader(&cont, gettext_noop("Role name"), true, align);
    	printTableAddHeader(&cont, gettext_noop("Attributes"), true, align);
    	printTableAddHeader(&cont, gettext_noop("Member of"), true, align);
    
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    		printTableAddHeader(&cont, gettext_noop("Description"), true, align);
    
    	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
    	{
    		printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 0), false);
    
    		resetPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 1), "t") == 0)
    			add_role_attribute(&buf, _("Superuser"));
    
    		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 2), "t") != 0)
    			add_role_attribute(&buf, _("No inheritance"));
    
    		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 3), "t") == 0)
    			add_role_attribute(&buf, _("Create role"));
    
    		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 4), "t") == 0)
    			add_role_attribute(&buf, _("Create DB"));
    
    		if (strcmp(PQgetvalue(res, i, 5), "t") != 0)
    			add_role_attribute(&buf, _("Cannot login"));
    
    		conns = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, i, 6));
    		if (conns >= 0)
    		{
    			if (buf.len > 0)
    				appendPQExpBufferStr(&buf, "\n");
    
    			if (conns == 0)
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, _("No connections"));
    			else
    				appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ngettext("1 connection", "%d connections", conns), conns);
    		}
    
    		attr[i] = pg_strdup(buf.data);
    
    		printTableAddCell(&cont, attr[i], false);
    
    		printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 7), false);
    
    		if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80200)
    			printTableAddCell(&cont, PQgetvalue(res, i, 8), false);
    	}
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printTable(&cont, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    	printTableCleanup(&cont);
    
    	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
    		free(attr[i]);
    	free(attr);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    void
    add_role_attribute(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *const str)
    {
    	if (buf->len > 0)
    		appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, "\n");
    
    	appendPQExpBufferStr(buf, str);
    }
    
    
    /*
     * listTables()
     *
     * handler for \d, \dt, etc.
     *
     * tabtypes is an array of characters, specifying what info is desired:
     * t - tables
     * i - indexes
     * v - views
     * s - sequences
     * S - system tables (pg_catalog)
     * (any order of the above is fine)
     */
    bool
    listTables(const char *tabtypes, const char *pattern, bool verbose, bool showSystem)
    {
    	bool		showTables = strchr(tabtypes, 't') != NULL;
    	bool		showIndexes = strchr(tabtypes, 'i') != NULL;
    	bool		showViews = strchr(tabtypes, 'v') != NULL;
    	bool		showSeq = strchr(tabtypes, 's') != NULL;
    
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {false, false, true, false, false, false, false};
    
    	if (!(showTables || showIndexes || showViews || showSeq))
    		showTables = showViews = showSeq = true;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	/*
    	 * Note: as of Pg 8.2, we no longer use relkind 's', but we keep it here
    	 * for backwards compatibility.
    	 */
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  c.relname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN '%s' WHEN 'v' THEN '%s' WHEN 'i' THEN '%s' WHEN 'S' THEN '%s' WHEN 's' THEN '%s' END as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(c.relowner) as \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("table"),
    					  gettext_noop("view"),
    					  gettext_noop("index"),
    					  gettext_noop("sequence"),
    					  gettext_noop("special"),
    					  gettext_noop("Type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"));
    
    	if (showIndexes)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n c2.relname as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Table"));
    
    	if (verbose && pset.sversion >= 80100)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n  pg_catalog.pg_size_pretty(pg_catalog.pg_relation_size(c.oid)) as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Size"));
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			  ",\n  pg_catalog.obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_class') as \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_class c"
    	 "\n     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace");
    	if (showIndexes)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			 "\n     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid"
    		   "\n     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c2 ON i.indrelid = c2.oid");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nWHERE c.relkind IN (");
    	if (showTables)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "'r',");
    	if (showViews)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "'v',");
    	if (showIndexes)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "'i',");
    	if (showSeq)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "'S',");
    	if (showSystem || pattern)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "'s',");	/* was RELKIND_SPECIAL in <= 8.1 */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "''");		/* dummy */
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ")\n");
    
    	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
    		/* Exclude system and pg_toast objects, but show temp tables */
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "  AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n"
    						  "  AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.relname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1,2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	if (PQntuples(res) == 0 && !pset.quiet)
    	{
    		if (pattern)
    			fprintf(pset.queryFout, _("No matching relations found.\n"));
    		else
    			fprintf(pset.queryFout, _("No relations found.\n"));
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    		myopt.title = _("List of relations");
    		myopt.translate_header = true;
    		myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    		printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    	}
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dD
     *
     * Describes domains.
     */
    bool
    listDomains(const char *pattern, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       t.typname as \"%s\",\n"
    	 "       pg_catalog.format_type(t.typbasetype, t.typtypmod) as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       CASE WHEN t.typnotnull AND t.typdefault IS NOT NULL THEN 'not null default '||t.typdefault\n"
    	"            WHEN t.typnotnull AND t.typdefault IS NULL THEN 'not null'\n"
    					  "            WHEN NOT t.typnotnull AND t.typdefault IS NOT NULL THEN 'default '||t.typdefault\n"
    					  "            ELSE ''\n"
    					  "       END as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       pg_catalog.array_to_string(ARRAY(\n"
    					  "         SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r WHERE t.oid = r.contypid\n"
    					  "       ), ' ') as \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_type t\n"
    	   "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace\n"
    					  "WHERE t.typtype = 'd'\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Modifier"),
    					  gettext_noop("Check"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "  AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "t.typname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(t.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of domains");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * \dc
     *
     * Describes conversions.
     */
    bool
    listConversions(const char *pattern, bool showSystem)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {false, false, false, false, true};
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       c.conname AS \"%s\",\n"
    	   "       pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(c.conforencoding) AS \"%s\",\n"
    		"       pg_catalog.pg_encoding_to_char(c.contoencoding) AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       CASE WHEN c.condefault THEN '%s'\n"
    					  "       ELSE '%s' END AS \"%s\"\n"
    			   "FROM pg_catalog.pg_conversion c, pg_catalog.pg_namespace n\n"
    					  "WHERE n.oid = c.connamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Source"),
    					  gettext_noop("Destination"),
    					  gettext_noop("yes"), gettext_noop("no"),
    					  gettext_noop("Default?"));
    
     	if (!showSystem && !pattern)
     		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "      AND n.nspname <> 'pg_catalog'\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.conname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_conversion_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of conversions");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * \dC
     *
     * Describes casts.
     */
    bool
    listCasts(const char *pattern)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {false, false, false, true};
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	/*
    	 * We need a left join to pg_proc for binary casts; the others are just
    	 * paranoia.  Also note that we don't attempt to localize '(binary
    	 * coercible)', because there's too much risk of gettext translating a
    	 * function name that happens to match some string in the PO database.
    	 */
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			   "SELECT pg_catalog.format_type(castsource, NULL) AS \"%s\",\n"
    			   "       pg_catalog.format_type(casttarget, NULL) AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       CASE WHEN castfunc = 0 THEN '(binary coercible)'\n"
    					  "            ELSE p.proname\n"
    					  "       END as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "       CASE WHEN c.castcontext = 'e' THEN '%s'\n"
    					  "            WHEN c.castcontext = 'a' THEN '%s'\n"
    					  "            ELSE '%s'\n"
    					  "       END as \"%s\"\n"
    				 "FROM pg_catalog.pg_cast c LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_proc p\n"
    					  "     ON c.castfunc = p.oid\n"
    					  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_type ts\n"
    					  "     ON c.castsource = ts.oid\n"
    					  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace ns\n"
    					  "     ON ns.oid = ts.typnamespace\n"
    					  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_type tt\n"
    					  "     ON c.casttarget = tt.oid\n"
    					  "     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace nt\n"
    					  "     ON nt.oid = tt.typnamespace\n"
    					  "WHERE (true",
    					  gettext_noop("Source type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Target type"),
    					  gettext_noop("Function"),
    					  gettext_noop("no"), gettext_noop("in assignment"), gettext_noop("yes"),
    					  gettext_noop("Implicit?"));
    
    	/*
    	 * Match name pattern against either internal or external name of either
    	 * castsource or casttarget
    	 */
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "ns.nspname", "ts.typname",
    						  "pg_catalog.format_type(ts.oid, NULL)",
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(ts.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ") OR (true");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "nt.nspname", "tt.typname",
    						  "pg_catalog.format_type(tt.oid, NULL)",
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_type_is_visible(tt.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ")\nORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of casts");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * \dn
     *
     * Describes schemas (namespaces)
     */
    bool
    listSchemas(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT n.nspname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(n.nspowner) AS \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ",\n  ");
    		printACLColumn(&buf, "n.nspacl");
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			",\n  pg_catalog.obj_description(n.oid, 'pg_namespace') AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    	}
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_namespace n\n"
    					  "WHERE	(n.nspname !~ '^pg_temp_' OR\n"
    		   "		 n.nspname = (pg_catalog.current_schemas(true))[1])\n");		/* temp schema is first */
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  NULL, "n.nspname", NULL,
    						  NULL);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of schemas");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dFp
     * list text search parsers
     */
    bool
    listTSParsers(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80300)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	if (verbose)
    		return listTSParsersVerbose(pattern);
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT \n"
    					  "  n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  p.prsname as \"%s\",\n"
    			"  pg_catalog.obj_description(p.oid, 'pg_ts_parser') as \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    		   "LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.prsnamespace\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description")
    		);
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.prsname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of text search parsers");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * full description of parsers
     */
    static bool
    listTSParsersVerbose(const char *pattern)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	int			i;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT p.oid, \n"
    					  "  n.nspname, \n"
    					  "  p.prsname \n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p\n"
    			"LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = p.prsnamespace\n"
    		);
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "p.prsname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser_is_visible(p.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	if (PQntuples(res) == 0)
    	{
    		if (!pset.quiet)
    			fprintf(stderr, _("Did not find any text search parser named \"%s\".\n"),
    					pattern);
    		PQclear(res);
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
    	{
    		const char *oid;
    		const char *nspname = NULL;
    		const char *prsname;
    
    		oid = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
    		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, 1))
    			nspname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
    		prsname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
    
    		if (!describeOneTSParser(oid, nspname, prsname))
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    
    		if (cancel_pressed)
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    	}
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    static bool
    describeOneTSParser(const char *oid, const char *nspname, const char *prsname)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	char		title[1024];
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    	static const bool translate_columns[] = {true, false, false};
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT '%s' AS \"%s\", \n"
    					  "   p.prsstart::pg_catalog.regproc AS \"%s\", \n"
    		  "   pg_catalog.obj_description(p.prsstart, 'pg_proc') as \"%s\" \n"
    					  " FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    					  " WHERE p.oid = '%s' \n"
    					  "UNION ALL \n"
    					  "SELECT '%s', \n"
    					  "   p.prstoken::pg_catalog.regproc, \n"
    					"   pg_catalog.obj_description(p.prstoken, 'pg_proc') \n"
    					  " FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    					  " WHERE p.oid = '%s' \n"
    					  "UNION ALL \n"
    					  "SELECT '%s', \n"
    					  "   p.prsend::pg_catalog.regproc, \n"
    					  "   pg_catalog.obj_description(p.prsend, 'pg_proc') \n"
    					  " FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    					  " WHERE p.oid = '%s' \n"
    					  "UNION ALL \n"
    					  "SELECT '%s', \n"
    					  "   p.prsheadline::pg_catalog.regproc, \n"
    				 "   pg_catalog.obj_description(p.prsheadline, 'pg_proc') \n"
    					  " FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    					  " WHERE p.oid = '%s' \n"
    					  "UNION ALL \n"
    					  "SELECT '%s', \n"
    					  "   p.prslextype::pg_catalog.regproc, \n"
    				  "   pg_catalog.obj_description(p.prslextype, 'pg_proc') \n"
    					  " FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    					  " WHERE p.oid = '%s' \n",
    					  gettext_noop("Start parse"),
    					  gettext_noop("Method"),
    					  gettext_noop("Function"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description"),
    					  oid,
    					  gettext_noop("Get next token"),
    					  oid,
    					  gettext_noop("End parse"),
    					  oid,
    					  gettext_noop("Get headline"),
    					  oid,
    					  gettext_noop("Get token types"),
    					  oid);
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	if (nspname)
    		sprintf(title, _("Text search parser \"%s.%s\""), nspname, prsname);
    	else
    		sprintf(title, _("Text search parser \"%s\""), prsname);
    	myopt.title = title;
    	myopt.footers = NULL;
    	myopt.default_footer = false;
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = translate_columns;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT t.alias as \"%s\", \n"
    					  "  t.description as \"%s\" \n"
    			  "FROM pg_catalog.ts_token_type( '%s'::pg_catalog.oid ) as t \n"
    					  "ORDER BY 1;",
    					  gettext_noop("Token name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description"),
    					  oid);
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	if (nspname)
    		sprintf(title, _("Token types for parser \"%s.%s\""), nspname, prsname);
    	else
    		sprintf(title, _("Token types for parser \"%s\""), prsname);
    	myopt.title = title;
    	myopt.footers = NULL;
    	myopt.default_footer = true;
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    	myopt.translate_columns = NULL;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dFd
     * list text search dictionaries
     */
    bool
    listTSDictionaries(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80300)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT \n"
    					  "  n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  d.dictname as \"%s\",\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "  ( SELECT COALESCE(nt.nspname, '(null)')::pg_catalog.text || '.' || t.tmplname FROM \n"
    						  "    pg_catalog.pg_ts_template t \n"
    						  "			 LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace nt ON nt.oid = t.tmplnamespace \n"
    						  "			 WHERE d.dicttemplate = t.oid ) AS  \"%s\", \n"
    						  "  d.dictinitoption as \"%s\", \n",
    						  gettext_noop("Template"),
    						  gettext_noop("Init options"));
    	}
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			 "  pg_catalog.obj_description(d.oid, 'pg_ts_dict') as \"%s\"\n",
    					  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_dict d\n"
    		 "LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = d.dictnamespace\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "d.dictname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_dict_is_visible(d.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of text search dictionaries");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dFt
     * list text search templates
     */
    bool
    listTSTemplates(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80300)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	if (verbose)
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT \n"
    						  "  n.nspname AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  t.tmplname AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  t.tmplinit::pg_catalog.regproc AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  t.tmpllexize::pg_catalog.regproc AS \"%s\",\n"
    		 "  pg_catalog.obj_description(t.oid, 'pg_ts_template') AS \"%s\"\n",
    						  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    						  gettext_noop("Name"),
    						  gettext_noop("Init"),
    						  gettext_noop("Lexize"),
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    	else
    		printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  "SELECT \n"
    						  "  n.nspname AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  t.tmplname AS \"%s\",\n"
    		 "  pg_catalog.obj_description(t.oid, 'pg_ts_template') AS \"%s\"\n",
    						  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    						  gettext_noop("Name"),
    						  gettext_noop("Description"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_template t\n"
    		 "LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.tmplnamespace\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "t.tmplname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_template_is_visible(t.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of text search templates");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dF
     * list text search configurations
     */
    bool
    listTSConfigs(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80300)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support full text search.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	if (verbose)
    		return listTSConfigsVerbose(pattern);
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT \n"
    					  "   n.nspname as \"%s\",\n"
    					  "   c.cfgname as \"%s\",\n"
    		   "   pg_catalog.obj_description(c.oid, 'pg_ts_config') as \"%s\"\n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_config c\n"
    		  "LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.cfgnamespace \n",
    					  gettext_noop("Schema"),
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Description")
    		);
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.cfgname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_config_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of text search configurations");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    static bool
    listTSConfigsVerbose(const char *pattern)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	int			i;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT c.oid, c.cfgname,\n"
    					  "   n.nspname, \n"
    					  "   p.prsname, \n"
    					  "   np.nspname as pnspname \n"
    					  "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_config c \n"
    	   "   LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.cfgnamespace, \n"
    					  " pg_catalog.pg_ts_parser p \n"
    	  "   LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace np ON np.oid = p.prsnamespace \n"
    					  "WHERE  p.oid = c.cfgparser\n"
    		);
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, true, false,
    						  "n.nspname", "c.cfgname", NULL,
    						  "pg_catalog.pg_ts_config_is_visible(c.oid)");
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 3, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	if (PQntuples(res) == 0)
    	{
    		if (!pset.quiet)
    			fprintf(stderr, _("Did not find any text search configuration named \"%s\".\n"),
    					pattern);
    		PQclear(res);
    		return false;
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
    	{
    		const char *oid;
    		const char *cfgname;
    		const char *nspname = NULL;
    		const char *prsname;
    		const char *pnspname = NULL;
    
    		oid = PQgetvalue(res, i, 0);
    		cfgname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 1);
    		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, 2))
    			nspname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 2);
    		prsname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 3);
    		if (!PQgetisnull(res, i, 4))
    			pnspname = PQgetvalue(res, i, 4);
    
    		if (!describeOneTSConfig(oid, nspname, cfgname, pnspname, prsname))
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    
    		if (cancel_pressed)
    		{
    			PQclear(res);
    			return false;
    		}
    	}
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    static bool
    describeOneTSConfig(const char *oid, const char *nspname, const char *cfgname,
    					const char *pnspname, const char *prsname)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf,
    				title;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT \n"
    					  "  ( SELECT t.alias FROM \n"
    					  "    pg_catalog.ts_token_type(c.cfgparser) AS t \n"
    					  "    WHERE t.tokid = m.maptokentype ) AS \"%s\", \n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.btrim( \n"
    				  "    ARRAY( SELECT mm.mapdict::pg_catalog.regdictionary \n"
    					  "           FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_config_map AS mm \n"
    					  "           WHERE mm.mapcfg = m.mapcfg AND mm.maptokentype = m.maptokentype \n"
    					  "           ORDER BY mapcfg, maptokentype, mapseqno \n"
    					  "    ) :: pg_catalog.text , \n"
    					  "  '{}') AS \"%s\" \n"
    	 "FROM pg_catalog.pg_ts_config AS c, pg_catalog.pg_ts_config_map AS m \n"
    					  "WHERE c.oid = '%s' AND m.mapcfg = c.oid \n"
    					  "GROUP BY m.mapcfg, m.maptokentype, c.cfgparser \n"
    					  "ORDER BY 1",
    					  gettext_noop("Token"),
    					  gettext_noop("Dictionaries"),
    					  oid);
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&title);
    
    	if (nspname)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Text search configuration \"%s.%s\""),
    						  nspname, cfgname);
    	else
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&title, _("Text search configuration \"%s\""),
    						  cfgname);
    
    	if (pnspname)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&title, _("\nParser: \"%s.%s\""),
    						  pnspname, prsname);
    	else
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&title, _("\nParser: \"%s\""),
    						  prsname);
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = title.data;
    	myopt.footers = NULL;
    	myopt.default_footer = false;
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	termPQExpBuffer(&title);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * \dew
     *
     * Describes foreign-data wrappers
     */
    bool
    listForeignDataWrappers(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80400)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign-data wrappers.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT fdwname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(fdwowner) AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  fdwvalidator::pg_catalog.regproc AS \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"),
    					  gettext_noop("Validator"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ",\n  ");
    		printACLColumn(&buf, "fdwacl");
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n  fdwoptions AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Options"));
    	}
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_foreign_data_wrapper\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  NULL, "fdwname", NULL, NULL);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of foreign-data wrappers");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * \des
     *
     * Describes foreign servers.
     */
    bool
    listForeignServers(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80400)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support foreign servers.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT s.srvname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(s.srvowner) AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  f.fdwname AS \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Name"),
    					  gettext_noop("Owner"),
    					  gettext_noop("Foreign-data wrapper"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    	{
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, ",\n  ");
    		printACLColumn(&buf, "s.srvacl");
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n"
    						  "  s.srvtype AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  s.srvversion AS \"%s\",\n"
    						  "  s.srvoptions AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Type"),
    						  gettext_noop("Version"),
    						  gettext_noop("Options"));
    	}
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    			  		  "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_foreign_server s\n"
    					  "     JOIN pg_catalog.pg_foreign_data_wrapper f ON f.oid=s.srvfdw\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  NULL, "s.srvname", NULL, NULL);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of foreign servers");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * \deu
     *
     * Describes user mappings.
     */
    bool
    listUserMappings(const char *pattern, bool verbose)
    {
    	PQExpBufferData buf;
    	PGresult   *res;
    	printQueryOpt myopt = pset.popt;
    
    	if (pset.sversion < 80400)
    	{
    		fprintf(stderr, _("The server (version %d.%d) does not support user mappings.\n"),
    				pset.sversion / 10000, (pset.sversion / 100) % 100);
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	initPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	printfPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    					  "SELECT um.srvname AS \"%s\",\n"
    					  "  um.usename AS \"%s\"",
    					  gettext_noop("Server"),
    					  gettext_noop("User name"));
    
    	if (verbose)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(&buf,
    						  ",\n  um.umoptions AS \"%s\"",
    						  gettext_noop("Options"));
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "\nFROM pg_catalog.pg_user_mappings um\n");
    
    	processSQLNamePattern(pset.db, &buf, pattern, false, false,
    						  NULL, "um.srvname", "um.usename", NULL);
    
    	appendPQExpBuffer(&buf, "ORDER BY 1, 2;");
    
    	res = PSQLexec(buf.data, false);
    	termPQExpBuffer(&buf);
    	if (!res)
    		return false;
    
    	myopt.nullPrint = NULL;
    	myopt.title = _("List of user mappings");
    	myopt.translate_header = true;
    
    	printQuery(res, &myopt, pset.queryFout, pset.logfile);
    
    	PQclear(res);
    	return true;
    }
    
    /*
     * printACLColumn
     *
     * Helper function for consistently formatting ACL (privilege) columns.
     * The proper targetlist entry is appended to buf.  Note lack of any
     * whitespace or comma decoration.
     */
    static void
    printACLColumn(PQExpBuffer buf, const char *colname)
    {
    	if (pset.sversion >= 80100)
    		appendPQExpBuffer(buf,
    						  "pg_catalog.array_to_string(%s, E'\\n') AS \"%s\"",
    						  colname, gettext_noop("Access privileges"));
    	else
    		appendPQExpBuffer(buf,
    						  "pg_catalog.array_to_string(%s, '\\n') AS \"%s\"",
    						  colname, gettext_noop("Access privileges"));
    }