From 8bcb31ad5a7b3f4a0a6e4fbd8cbc1a7a8dde423d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2017 14:41:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Sync pg_ctl documentation and usage message with reality.
Commit 05cd12ed5 ("pg_ctl: Change default to wait for all actions")
was a tad sloppy about updating the documentation to match. The
documentation was also sorely in need of a copy-editing pass, having
been adjusted at different times by different people who took little
care to maintain consistency of style.
---
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml | 205 ++++++++++++++++---------------
src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c | 29 ++---
2 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
index 176dfaf98a3..71e52c4c355 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
@@ -23,19 +23,19 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>init[db]</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>initdb-options</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>start</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-l</option> <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-l</option> <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-p</option> <replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-c</option></arg>
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>stop</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-m</option>
<group choice="plain">
@@ -55,16 +52,15 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<arg choice="plain"><option>i[mmediate]</option></arg>
</group>
</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>restart</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-c</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-m</option>
<group choice="plain">
<arg choice="plain"><option>s[mart]</option></arg>
@@ -72,14 +68,18 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<arg choice="plain"><option>i[mmediate]</option></arg>
</group>
</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-o</option> <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-c</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>reload</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>promote</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
@@ -104,19 +104,22 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>process_id</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
+ <para>On Microsoft Windows, also:</para>
+
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>pg_ctl</command>
<arg choice="plain"><option>register</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-N</option> <replaceable>servicename</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-P</option> <replaceable>password</replaceable></arg>
- <arg choice="opt"><option>-D</option> <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-S</option>
<group choice="plain">
<arg choice="plain"><option>a[uto]</option></arg>
<arg choice="plain"><option>d[emand]</option></arg>
</group>
</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt"><option>-e</option> <replaceable>source</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-W</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-t</option> <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice="opt"><option>-s</option></arg>
@@ -147,14 +150,14 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para>
The <option>init</option> or <option>initdb</option> mode creates a new
- <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster. A database
- cluster is a collection of databases that are managed by a single
+ <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster, that is,
+ a collection of databases that will be managed by a single
server instance. This mode invokes the <command>initdb</command>
command. See <xref linkend="app-initdb"> for details.
</para>
<para>
- In <option>start</option> mode, a new server is launched. The
+ <option>start</option> mode launches a new server. The
server is started in the background, and its standard input is attached
to <filename>/dev/null</filename> (or <literal>nul</> on Windows).
On Unix-like systems, by default, the server's standard output and
@@ -172,8 +175,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para>
<para>
- In <option>stop</option> mode, the server that is running in
- the specified data directory is shut down. Three different
+ <option>stop</option> mode shuts down the server that is running in
+ the specified data directory. Three different
shutdown methods can be selected with the <option>-m</option>
option. <quote>Smart</quote> mode waits for all active
clients to disconnect and any online backup to finish.
@@ -183,60 +186,63 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
will terminate an online backup in progress. All active transactions are
rolled back and clients are forcibly disconnected, then the
server is shut down. <quote>Immediate</quote> mode will abort
- all server processes immediately, without a clean shutdown.
- This will lead to a crash-recovery run on the next restart.
+ all server processes immediately, without a clean shutdown. This choice
+ will lead to a crash-recovery cycle during the next server start.
</para>
<para>
<option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed
by a start. This allows changing the <command>postgres</command>
- command-line options. <option>restart</option> might fail if
- relative paths specified were specified on the command-line during
- server start.
+ command-line options, or changing configuration-file options that
+ cannot be changed without restarting the server.
+ If relative paths were used on the command line during server
+ start, <option>restart</option> might fail unless
+ <application>pg_ctl</application> is executed in the same current
+ directory as it was during server start.
</para>
<para>
<option>reload</option> mode simply sends the
- <command>postgres</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
+ <command>postgres</command> server process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
signal, causing it to reread its configuration files
(<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>,
- <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing of
- configuration-file options that do not require a complete restart
+ <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing
+ configuration-file options that do not require a full server restart
to take effect.
</para>
<para>
<option>status</option> mode checks whether a server is running in
- the specified data directory. If it is, the <acronym>PID</acronym>
- and the command line options that were used to invoke it are
- displayed. If the server is not running, the process returns an
- exit status of 3. If an accessible data directory is not specified,
- the process returns an exit status of 4.
+ the specified data directory. If it is, the server's <acronym>PID</acronym>
+ and the command line options that were used to invoke it are displayed.
+ If the server is not running, <application>pg_ctl</application> returns
+ an exit status of 3. If an accessible data directory is not
+ specified, <application>pg_ctl</application> returns an exit status of 4.
</para>
<para>
- In <option>promote</option> mode, the standby server that is
- running in the specified data directory is commanded to exit
- recovery and begin read-write operations.
+ <option>promote</option> mode commands the standby server that is
+ running in the specified data directory to end standby mode
+ and begin read-write operations.
</para>
<para>
- <option>kill</option> mode allows you to send a signal to a specified
- process. This is particularly valuable for <productname>Microsoft Windows</>
- which does not have a <application>kill</> command. Use
- <literal>--help</> to see a list of supported signal names.
+ <option>kill</option> mode sends a signal to a specified process.
+ This is primarily valuable on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>
+ which does not have a built-in <application>kill</> command. Use
+ <literal>--help</> to see a list of supported signal names.
</para>
<para>
- <option>register</option> mode allows you to register a system service
- on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. The <option>-S</option> option
- allows selection of service start type, either <quote>auto</quote> (start
- service automatically on system startup) or <quote>demand</quote> (start
- service on demand).
+ <option>register</option> mode registers the <productname>PostgreSQL</>
+ server as a system service on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>.
+ The <option>-S</option> option allows selection of service start type,
+ either <quote>auto</quote> (start service automatically on system startup)
+ or <quote>demand</quote> (start service on demand).
</para>
<para>
- <option>unregister</option> mode allows you to unregister a system service
+ <option>unregister</option> mode unregisters a system service
on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. This undoes the effects of the
<option>register</option> command.
</para>
@@ -249,7 +255,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-c</option></term>
- <term><option>--core-file</option></term>
+ <term><option>--core-files</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Attempt to allow server crashes to produce core files, on platforms
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the file system location of the database configuration files. If
- this is omitted, the environment variable
+ this option is omitted, the environment variable
<envar>PGDATA</envar> is used.
</para>
</listitem>
@@ -294,7 +300,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
Specifies the shutdown mode. <replaceable>mode</replaceable>
can be <literal>smart</literal>, <literal>fast</literal>, or
<literal>immediate</literal>, or the first letter of one of
- these three. If this is omitted, <literal>fast</literal> is used.
+ these three. If this option is omitted, <literal>fast</literal> is
+ the default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -305,12 +312,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies options to be passed directly to the
- <command>postgres</command> command; multiple
- option invocations are appended.
+ <command>postgres</command> command.
+ <option>-o</> can be specified multiple times, with all the given
+ options being passed through.
</para>
<para>
- The options should usually be surrounded by single or double
- quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
+ The <replaceable>options</> should usually be surrounded by single or
+ double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -322,10 +330,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para>
Specifies options to be passed directly to the
<command>initdb</command> command.
+ <option>-o</> can be specified multiple times, with all the given
+ options being passed through.
</para>
<para>
- The options should usually be surrounded by single or double
- quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
+ The <replaceable>options</> should usually be surrounded by single or
+ double quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -361,14 +371,14 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-t</option></term>
- <term><option>--timeout</option></term>
+ <term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></option></term>
+ <term><option>--timeout=<replaceable class="parameter">seconds</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- The maximum number of seconds to wait when waiting for an operation
- to complete (see option <option>-w</option>). Defaults to the value of the
- <envar>PGCTLTIMEOUT</> environment variable or, if not set, to 60
- seconds.
+ Specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait when waiting for an
+ operation to complete (see option <option>-w</option>). Defaults to
+ the value of the <envar>PGCTLTIMEOUT</> environment variable or, if
+ not set, to 60 seconds.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -388,7 +398,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--wait</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Wait for an operation to complete. This is supported for the
+ Wait for the operation to complete. This is supported for the
modes <literal>start</literal>, <literal>stop</literal>,
<literal>restart</literal>, <literal>promote</literal>,
and <literal>register</literal>, and is the default for those modes.
@@ -399,7 +409,6 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
attempts to connect to the server.
When waiting for shutdown, <command>pg_ctl</command> waits for
the server to remove its <acronym>PID</acronym> file.
- This option allows the entry of an <acronym>SSL</> passphrase on startup.
<command>pg_ctl</command> returns an exit code based on the
success of the startup or shutdown.
</para>
@@ -411,8 +420,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--no-wait</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Do not wait for an operation to complete. This is the opposite of the
- option <option>-w</option>.
+ Do not wait for the operation to complete. This is the opposite of
+ the option <option>-w</option>.
</para>
<para>
@@ -441,6 +450,11 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
+ <para>
+ If an option is specified that is valid, but not relevant to the selected
+ operating mode, <application>pg_ctl</application> ignores it.
+ </para>
+
<refsect2 id="app-pg-ctl-windows-options">
<title>Options for Windows</title>
@@ -452,11 +466,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
Name of the event source for <application>pg_ctl</application> to use
for logging to the event log when running as a Windows service. The
default is <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>. Note that this only controls
- the logging from <application>pg_ctl</application> itself; once
+ messages sent from <application>pg_ctl</application> itself; once
started, the server will use the event source specified
- by <xref linkend="guc-event-source">. Should the server fail during
- early startup, it might also log using the default event
- source <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>.
+ by its <xref linkend="guc-event-source"> parameter. Should the server
+ fail very early in startup, before that parameter has been set,
+ it might also log using the default event
+ source name <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -465,8 +480,9 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">servicename</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Name of the system service to register. The name will be used
+ Name of the system service to register. This name will be used
as both the service name and the display name.
+ The default is <literal>PostgreSQL</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -475,7 +491,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Password for the user to start the service.
+ Password for the user to run the service as.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -484,10 +500,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">start-type</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- Start type of the system service to register. start-type can
+ Start type of the system service. <replaceable>start-type</> can
be <literal>auto</literal>, or <literal>demand</literal>, or
- the first letter of one of these two. If this is omitted,
- <literal>auto</literal> is used.
+ the first letter of one of these two. If this option is omitted,
+ <literal>auto</literal> is the default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -496,7 +512,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- User name for the user to start the service. For domain users, use the
+ User name for the user to run the service as. For domain users, use the
format <literal>DOMAIN\username</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
@@ -534,12 +550,22 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</variablelist>
+ <para>
+ Most <command>pg_ctl</command> modes require knowing the data directory
+ location; therefore, the <option>-D</> option is required
+ unless <envar>PGDATA</envar> is set.
+ </para>
+
<para>
<command>pg_ctl</command>, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</>
utilities,
also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</>
(see <xref linkend="libpq-envars">).
- For additional server variables, see <xref linkend="app-postgres">.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For additional variables that affect the server,
+ see <xref linkend="app-postgres">.
</para>
</refsect1>
@@ -553,9 +579,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem>
<para>
- The existence of this file in the data directory is used to help
- <application>pg_ctl</application> determine if the server is
- currently running.
+ <application>pg_ctl</application> examines this file in the data
+ directory to determine whether the server is currently running.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -584,13 +609,6 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-3">
<title>Starting the Server</title>
- <para>
- To start the server:
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl start</userinput>
-</screen>
- </para>
-
<para>
To start the server, waiting until the server is
accepting connections:
@@ -626,24 +644,17 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para>
Restarting the server is almost equivalent to stopping the
- server and starting it again,
- except that <command>pg_ctl</command> saves and reuses the command line options that
- were passed to the previously running instance. To restart
- the server in the simplest form, use:
-<screen>
-<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl restart</userinput>
-</screen>
- </para>
-
- <para>
- To restart the server,
- waiting for it to shut down and restart:
+ server and starting it again, except that by default,
+ <command>pg_ctl</command> saves and reuses the command line options that
+ were passed to the previously-running instance. To restart
+ the server using the same options as before, use:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl restart</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
+ But if <option>-o</> is specified, that replaces any previous options.
To restart using port 5433, disabling <function>fsync</> upon restart:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" restart</userinput>
@@ -663,7 +674,7 @@ pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 13718)
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/usr/local/pgsql/data" "-p" "5433" "-B" "128"
</computeroutput>
</screen>
- This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode.
+ The second line is the command that would be invoked in restart mode.
</para>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index c63819b88b4..f34dd28c6e2 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
@@ -1932,18 +1932,19 @@ do_help(void)
{
printf(_("%s is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.\n\n"), progname);
printf(_("Usage:\n"));
- printf(_(" %s init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o \"OPTIONS\"]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o \"OPTIONS\"]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]\n"
- " [-o \"OPTIONS\"]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s status [-D DATADIR]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s promote [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s]\n"), progname);
- printf(_(" %s kill SIGNALNAME PID\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o OPTIONS]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s start [-D DATADIR] [-l FILENAME] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s]\n"
+ " [-o OPTIONS] [-p PATH] [-c]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s stop [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s restart [-D DATADIR] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s]\n"
+ " [-o OPTIONS] [-c]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s status [-D DATADIR]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s promote [-D DATADIR] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s kill SIGNALNAME PID\n"), progname);
#ifdef WIN32
- printf(_(" %s register [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]\n"
- " [-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o \"OPTIONS\"]\n"), progname);
+ printf(_(" %s register [-D DATADIR] [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD]\n"
+ " [-S START-TYPE] [-e SOURCE] [-W] [-t SECS] [-s] [-o OPTIONS]\n"), progname);
printf(_(" %s unregister [-N SERVICENAME]\n"), progname);
#endif
@@ -1958,7 +1959,6 @@ do_help(void)
printf(_(" -w, --wait wait until operation completes (default)\n"));
printf(_(" -W, --no-wait do not wait until operation completes\n"));
printf(_(" -?, --help show this help, then exit\n"));
- printf(_("(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)\n\n"));
printf(_("If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.\n"));
printf(_("\nOptions for start or restart:\n"));
@@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ do_help(void)
printf(_("\nShutdown modes are:\n"));
printf(_(" smart quit after all clients have disconnected\n"));
- printf(_(" fast quit directly, with proper shutdown\n"));
+ printf(_(" fast quit directly, with proper shutdown (default)\n"));
printf(_(" immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart\n"));
printf(_("\nAllowed signal names for kill:\n"));
@@ -2242,7 +2242,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
/* process command-line options */
while (optind < argc)
{
- while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "cD:e:l:m:N:o:p:P:sS:t:U:wW", long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "cD:e:l:m:N:o:p:P:sS:t:U:wW",
+ long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
{
switch (c)
{
--
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