diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml
index b3ecda5f25dfdfab174312aa42230f4a179e842a..bb318c5fc53af3728f0b0f5bf0ad009f36a750f4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/array.sgml
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ SELECT f1[1][-2][3] AS e1, f1[1][-1][5] AS e2
If the value written for an element is <literal>NULL</> (in any case
variant), the element is taken to be NULL. The presence of any quotes
or backslashes disables this and allows the literal string value
- <quote>NULL</> to be entered. Also, for backwards compatibility with
+ <quote>NULL</> to be entered. Also, for backward compatibility with
pre-8.2 versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</>, the <xref
linkend="guc-array-nulls"> configuration parameter can be turned
<literal>off</> to suppress recognition of <literal>NULL</> as a NULL.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 0c682c833b265b252dbb2ec454812da0a09768a4..a4c1e84ad8af511a35b2ee1cc96d71a1145e126a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -5357,7 +5357,7 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
null values to be entered. However, <productname>PostgreSQL</> versions
before 8.2 did not support null values in arrays, and therefore would
treat <literal>NULL</> as specifying a normal array element with
- the string value <quote>NULL</>. For backwards compatibility with
+ the string value <quote>NULL</>. For backward compatibility with
applications that require the old behavior, this variable can be
turned <literal>off</>.
</para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index da45970d4767c2c97b9ad1eebc97620b22d33512..8b5c3c51aec755777dd60977eed6cde13dff2a84 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -9695,7 +9695,7 @@ nextval('foo') <lineannotation>searches search path for <literal>fo
Before <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1, the arguments of the
sequence functions were of type <type>text</>, not <type>regclass</>, and
the above-described conversion from a text string to an OID value would
- happen at run time during each call. For backwards compatibility, this
+ happen at run time during each call. For backward compatibility, this
facility still exists, but internally it is now handled as an implicit
coercion from <type>text</> to <type>regclass</> before the function is
invoked.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
index 59b4011b3f6c317608df77864eeb669af9cf7178..195d83ba68c9d29db43d140f0dd6905d25b40e7c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml
@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ char *PQport(const PGconn *conn);
Returns the debug <acronym>TTY</acronym> of the connection.
(This is obsolete, since the server no longer pays attention
to the <acronym>TTY</acronym> setting, but the function remains
- for backwards compatibility.)
+ for backward compatibility.)
<synopsis>
char *PQtty(const PGconn *conn);
@@ -6933,7 +6933,7 @@ ldap://ldap.acme.com/cn=dbserver,cn=hosts?pgconnectinfo?base?(objectclass=*)
The default value for <literal>sslmode</> is <literal>prefer</>. As is shown
in the table, this makes no sense from a security point of view, and it only
promises performance overhead if possible. It is only provided as the default
- for backwards compatibility, and is not recommended in secure deployments.
+ for backward compatibility, and is not recommended in secure deployments.
</para>
</sect2>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/lobj.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/lobj.sgml
index 0e6b7058353845c3c5b778c00d1b048c7f20e9db..291409fde0b4bc3dd393701faeb165912f095a23 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/lobj.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/lobj.sgml
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Oid lo_creat(PGconn *conn, int mode);
<replaceable class="parameter">mode</replaceable> is unused and
ignored as of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 8.1; however, for
- backwards compatibility with earlier releases it is best to
+ backward compatibility with earlier releases it is best to
set it to <symbol>INV_READ</symbol>, <symbol>INV_WRITE</symbol>,
or <symbol>INV_READ</symbol> <literal>|</> <symbol>INV_WRITE</symbol>.
(These symbolic constants are defined
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/plperl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/plperl.sgml
index 16984aab6340f41a26fb535a513f8b9d97e12fcc..0aab10bbd6dd8cc4decbad61e0202d86db08e43a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/plperl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/plperl.sgml
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ select returns_array();
<para>
Perl passes <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> arrays as a blessed
PostgreSQL::InServer::ARRAY object. This object may be treated as an array
- reference or a string, allowing for backwards compatibility with Perl
+ reference or a string, allowing for backward compatibility with Perl
code written for <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> versions below 9.1 to
run. For example:
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
index 1a3ebc650d94258cbe5b83bef1b6d044fc26c529..d96ff77a046a83cf33eba71791c4ea30573bbcc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/user-manag.sgml
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ RESET ROLE;
roles being used as SQL roles the <literal>INHERIT</> attribute, while
giving roles being used as SQL users the <literal>NOINHERIT</> attribute.
However, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> defaults to giving all roles
- the <literal>INHERIT</> attribute, for backwards compatibility with pre-8.1
+ the <literal>INHERIT</> attribute, for backward compatibility with pre-8.1
releases in which users always had use of permissions granted to groups
they were members of.
</para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
index 1a35014170b15be4cdcab1cb3539d9fa39393c9a..c8d8999659ad4ea5e1848af133d1566a3f3f9376 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
@@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION test(int, int) RETURNS int
The <quote>body</quote> of the function definition
specifies the C-language name of the function, which need not be the
same as the name being declared for SQL use.
- (For reasons of backwards compatibility, an empty body
+ (For reasons of backward compatibility, an empty body
is accepted as meaning that the C-language function name is the
same as the SQL name.)
</para>
@@ -2701,7 +2701,7 @@ typedef struct
/*
* OPTIONAL pointer to result slot
*
- * This is obsolete and only present for backwards compatibility, viz,
+ * This is obsolete and only present for backward compatibility, viz,
* user-defined SRFs that use the deprecated TupleDescGetSlot().
*/
TupleTableSlot *slot;