diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
index b64aa0111385c60c0a0390ecd272147b4c93ec66..71c9ec1ce7b8e5e2c51988ce2adcfa32f01c89d3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!--
-$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml,v 1.69 2003/06/22 22:04:54 tgl Exp $
+$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/xfunc.sgml,v 1.70 2003/07/25 20:17:49 tgl Exp $
 -->
 
  <sect1 id="xfunc">
@@ -2162,7 +2162,6 @@ CREATE FUNCTION test(int, int) RETURNS int
 #include "postgres.h"
 #include "executor/spi.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
-#include "utils/elog.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "access/heapam.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
index 8c0df3dfc2ca8a835ca930615bbbe18e31885c8f..2ebc0a949ba402d2ba0f51d2cb8f8e36968eb337 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c,v 1.104 2003/06/22 22:04:54 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c,v 1.105 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -158,8 +158,7 @@ GetCCHashEqFuncs(Oid keytype, PGFunction *hashfunc, RegProcedure *eqfunc)
 			*eqfunc = F_OIDVECTOREQ;
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(FATAL, "GetCCHashEqFuncs: type %u unsupported as catcache key",
-				 keytype);
+			elog(FATAL, "type %u not supported as catcache key", keytype);
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ CatalogCacheComputeHashValue(CatCache *cache, int nkeys, ScanKey cur_skey)
 											   cur_skey[0].sk_argument));
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(FATAL, "CCComputeHashValue: %d nkeys", nkeys);
+			elog(FATAL, "wrong number of hash keys: %d", nkeys);
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -267,8 +266,7 @@ CatalogCacheComputeTupleHashValue(CatCache *cache, HeapTuple tuple)
 			Assert(!isNull);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(FATAL, "CCComputeTupleHashValue: %d cc_nkeys",
-				 cache->cc_nkeys);
+			elog(FATAL, "wrong number of hash keys: %d", cache->cc_nkeys);
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -291,14 +289,14 @@ CatCachePrintStats(void)
 	long		cc_lsearches = 0;
 	long		cc_lhits = 0;
 
-	elog(DEBUG2, "Catcache stats dump: %d/%d tuples in catcaches",
+	elog(DEBUG2, "catcache stats dump: %d/%d tuples in catcaches",
 		 CacheHdr->ch_ntup, CacheHdr->ch_maxtup);
 
 	for (cache = CacheHdr->ch_caches; cache; cache = cache->cc_next)
 	{
 		if (cache->cc_ntup == 0 && cache->cc_searches == 0)
 			continue;			/* don't print unused caches */
-		elog(DEBUG2, "Catcache %s/%s: %d tup, %ld srch, %ld+%ld=%ld hits, %ld+%ld=%ld loads, %ld invals, %ld discards, %ld lsrch, %ld lhits",
+		elog(DEBUG2, "catcache %s/%s: %d tup, %ld srch, %ld+%ld=%ld hits, %ld+%ld=%ld loads, %ld invals, %ld discards, %ld lsrch, %ld lhits",
 			 cache->cc_relname,
 			 cache->cc_indname,
 			 cache->cc_ntup,
@@ -322,7 +320,7 @@ CatCachePrintStats(void)
 		cc_lsearches += cache->cc_lsearches;
 		cc_lhits += cache->cc_lhits;
 	}
-	elog(DEBUG2, "Catcache totals: %d tup, %ld srch, %ld+%ld=%ld hits, %ld+%ld=%ld loads, %ld invals, %ld discards, %ld lsrch, %ld lhits",
+	elog(DEBUG2, "catcache totals: %d tup, %ld srch, %ld+%ld=%ld hits, %ld+%ld=%ld loads, %ld invals, %ld discards, %ld lsrch, %ld lhits",
 		 CacheHdr->ch_ntup,
 		 cc_searches,
 		 cc_hits,
@@ -557,7 +555,7 @@ AtEOXact_CatCache(bool isCommit)
 			if (cl->refcount != 0)
 			{
 				if (isCommit)
-					elog(WARNING, "Cache reference leak: cache %s (%d), list %p has count %d",
+					elog(WARNING, "cache reference leak: cache %s (%d), list %p has count %d",
 						 ccp->cc_relname, ccp->id, cl, cl->refcount);
 				cl->refcount = 0;
 			}
@@ -580,7 +578,7 @@ AtEOXact_CatCache(bool isCommit)
 		if (ct->refcount != 0)
 		{
 			if (isCommit)
-				elog(WARNING, "Cache reference leak: cache %s (%d), tuple %u has count %d",
+				elog(WARNING, "cache reference leak: cache %s (%d), tuple %u has count %d",
 					 ct->my_cache->cc_relname, ct->my_cache->id,
 					 HeapTupleGetOid(&ct->tuple),
 					 ct->refcount);
@@ -947,7 +945,7 @@ CatalogCacheInitializeCache(CatCache *cache)
 		else
 		{
 			if (cache->cc_key[i] != ObjectIdAttributeNumber)
-				elog(FATAL, "CatalogCacheInit: only sys attr supported is OID");
+				elog(FATAL, "only sys attr supported in caches is OID");
 			keytype = OIDOID;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c
index 6aa5ab62f250fc24f74e28d36ab31964a89b4ea1..080338a77be08112e315b270e54e044208da346e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c,v 1.55 2002/09/04 20:31:29 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c,v 1.56 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -450,8 +450,7 @@ LocalExecuteInvalidationMessage(SharedInvalidationMessage *msg)
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		elog(FATAL, "ExecuteInvalidationMessage: bogus message id %d",
-			 msg->id);
+		elog(FATAL, "unrecognized SI message id: %d", msg->id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -705,7 +704,7 @@ CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(int cacheid,
 							  Datum arg)
 {
 	if (cache_callback_count >= MAX_CACHE_CALLBACKS)
-		elog(FATAL, "Out of cache_callback_list slots");
+		elog(FATAL, "out of cache_callback_list slots");
 
 	cache_callback_list[cache_callback_count].id = cacheid;
 	cache_callback_list[cache_callback_count].function = func;
@@ -728,7 +727,7 @@ CacheRegisterRelcacheCallback(CacheCallbackFunction func,
 							  Datum arg)
 {
 	if (cache_callback_count >= MAX_CACHE_CALLBACKS)
-		elog(FATAL, "Out of cache_callback_list slots");
+		elog(FATAL, "out of cache_callback_list slots");
 
 	cache_callback_list[cache_callback_count].id = SHAREDINVALRELCACHE_ID;
 	cache_callback_list[cache_callback_count].function = func;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c
index 879d2ba57a719ad094600fd9028b93ea7b0f97e9..e2a5a02af7902ac8c64de4de23e7687ef11f7876 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c,v 1.101 2003/07/01 19:10:53 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c,v 1.102 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  Eventually, the index information should go through here, too.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ op_requires_recheck(Oid opno, Oid opclass)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(opclass),
 						0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "op_requires_recheck: op %u is not a member of opclass %u",
+		elog(ERROR, "operator %u is not a member of opclass %u",
 			 opno, opclass);
 	amop_tup = (Form_pg_amop) GETSTRUCT(tp);
 
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ op_mergejoin_crossops(Oid opno, Oid *ltop, Oid *gtop,
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(opno),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))	/* shouldn't happen */
-		elog(ERROR, "op_mergejoin_crossops: operator %u not found", opno);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opno);
 	optup = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(tp);
 	*ltop = optup->oprltcmpop;
 	*gtop = optup->oprgtcmpop;
@@ -495,14 +495,14 @@ op_mergejoin_crossops(Oid opno, Oid *ltop, Oid *gtop,
 
 	/* Check < op provided */
 	if (!OidIsValid(*ltop))
-		elog(ERROR, "op_mergejoin_crossops: mergejoin operator %u has no matching < operator",
+		elog(ERROR, "mergejoin operator %u has no matching < operator",
 			 opno);
 	if (ltproc)
 		*ltproc = get_opcode(*ltop);
 
 	/* Check > op provided */
 	if (!OidIsValid(*gtop))
-		elog(ERROR, "op_mergejoin_crossops: mergejoin operator %u has no matching > operator",
+		elog(ERROR, "mergejoin operator %u has no matching > operator",
 			 opno);
 	if (gtproc)
 		*gtproc = get_opcode(*gtop);
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ op_strict(Oid opno)
 	RegProcedure funcid = get_opcode(opno);
 
 	if (funcid == (RegProcedure) InvalidOid)
-		elog(ERROR, "Operator OID %u does not exist", opno);
+		elog(ERROR, "operator %u does not exist", opno);
 
 	return func_strict((Oid) funcid);
 }
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ op_volatile(Oid opno)
 	RegProcedure funcid = get_opcode(opno);
 
 	if (funcid == (RegProcedure) InvalidOid)
-		elog(ERROR, "Operator OID %u does not exist", opno);
+		elog(ERROR, "operator %u does not exist", opno);
 
 	return func_volatile((Oid) funcid);
 }
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ get_func_rettype(Oid funcid)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "Function OID %u does not exist", funcid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
 
 	result = ((Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp))->prorettype;
 	ReleaseSysCache(tp);
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ get_func_signature(Oid funcid, Oid *argtypes, int *nargs)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "Function OID %u does not exist", funcid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
 
 	procstruct = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp);
 
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ get_func_retset(Oid funcid)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "Function OID %u does not exist", funcid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
 
 	result = ((Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp))->proretset;
 	ReleaseSysCache(tp);
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ func_strict(Oid funcid)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "Function OID %u does not exist", funcid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
 
 	result = ((Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp))->proisstrict;
 	ReleaseSysCache(tp);
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ func_volatile(Oid funcid)
 						ObjectIdGetDatum(funcid),
 						0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
-		elog(ERROR, "Function OID %u does not exist", funcid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcid);
 
 	result = ((Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp))->provolatile;
 	ReleaseSysCache(tp);
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ get_system_catalog_relid(const char *catname)
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(PG_CATALOG_NAMESPACE),
 						   0, 0);
 	if (!OidIsValid(relid))
-		elog(ERROR, "get_system_catalog_relid: cannot find %s", catname);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for system relation %s", catname);
 
 	return relid;
 }
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ get_typdefault(Oid typid)
 							   ObjectIdGetDatum(typid),
 							   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "get_typdefault: failed to lookup type %u", typid);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typid);
 	type = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 	/*
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@ getBaseType(Oid typid)
 							 ObjectIdGetDatum(typid),
 							 0, 0, 0);
 		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
-			elog(ERROR, "getBaseType: failed to lookup type %u", typid);
+			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typid);
 		typTup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 		if (typTup->typtype != 'd')
 		{
@@ -1593,15 +1593,19 @@ getTypeInputInfo(Oid type, Oid *typInput, Oid *typElem)
 							   ObjectIdGetDatum(type),
 							   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "Cache lookup of type %u failed", type);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", type);
 	pt = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 	if (!pt->typisdefined)
-		elog(ERROR, "Type %s is only a shell",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("type %s is only a shell",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 	if (!OidIsValid(pt->typinput))
-		elog(ERROR, "No input function available for type %s",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("no input function available for type %s",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 
 	*typInput = pt->typinput;
 	*typElem = pt->typelem;
@@ -1625,15 +1629,19 @@ getTypeOutputInfo(Oid type, Oid *typOutput, Oid *typElem,
 							   ObjectIdGetDatum(type),
 							   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "Cache lookup of type %u failed", type);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", type);
 	pt = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 	if (!pt->typisdefined)
-		elog(ERROR, "Type %s is only a shell",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("type %s is only a shell",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 	if (!OidIsValid(pt->typoutput))
-		elog(ERROR, "No output function available for type %s",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("no output function available for type %s",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 
 	*typOutput = pt->typoutput;
 	*typElem = pt->typelem;
@@ -1657,15 +1665,19 @@ getTypeBinaryInputInfo(Oid type, Oid *typReceive, Oid *typElem)
 							   ObjectIdGetDatum(type),
 							   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "Cache lookup of type %u failed", type);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", type);
 	pt = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 	if (!pt->typisdefined)
-		elog(ERROR, "Type %s is only a shell",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("type %s is only a shell",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 	if (!OidIsValid(pt->typreceive))
-		elog(ERROR, "No binary input function available for type %s",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("no binary input function available for type %s",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 
 	*typReceive = pt->typreceive;
 	*typElem = pt->typelem;
@@ -1689,15 +1701,19 @@ getTypeBinaryOutputInfo(Oid type, Oid *typSend, Oid *typElem,
 							   ObjectIdGetDatum(type),
 							   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "Cache lookup of type %u failed", type);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", type);
 	pt = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 	if (!pt->typisdefined)
-		elog(ERROR, "Type %s is only a shell",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("type %s is only a shell",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 	if (!OidIsValid(pt->typsend))
-		elog(ERROR, "No binary output function available for type %s",
-			 format_type_be(type));
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("no binary output function available for type %s",
+						format_type_be(type))));
 
 	*typSend = pt->typsend;
 	*typElem = pt->typelem;
@@ -1791,7 +1807,7 @@ get_attstatsslot(HeapTuple statstuple,
 							  Anum_pg_statistic_stavalues1 + i,
 							  &isnull);
 		if (isnull)
-			elog(ERROR, "get_attstatsslot: stavalues is null");
+			elog(ERROR, "stavalues is null");
 		statarray = DatumGetArrayTypeP(val);
 
 		/* Need to get info about the array element type */
@@ -1799,8 +1815,7 @@ get_attstatsslot(HeapTuple statstuple,
 								   ObjectIdGetDatum(atttype),
 								   0, 0, 0);
 		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTuple))
-			elog(ERROR, "get_attstatsslot: Cache lookup failed for type %u",
-				 atttype);
+			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", atttype);
 		typeForm = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTuple);
 
 		/* Deconstruct array into Datum elements */
@@ -1841,7 +1856,7 @@ get_attstatsslot(HeapTuple statstuple,
 							  Anum_pg_statistic_stanumbers1 + i,
 							  &isnull);
 		if (isnull)
-			elog(ERROR, "get_attstatsslot: stanumbers is null");
+			elog(ERROR, "stanumbers is null");
 		statarray = DatumGetArrayTypeP(val);
 
 		/*
@@ -1852,7 +1867,7 @@ get_attstatsslot(HeapTuple statstuple,
 		narrayelem = ARR_DIMS(statarray)[0];
 		if (ARR_NDIM(statarray) != 1 || narrayelem <= 0 ||
 			ARR_ELEMTYPE(statarray) != FLOAT4OID)
-			elog(ERROR, "get_attstatsslot: stanumbers is not a 1-D float4 array");
+			elog(ERROR, "stanumbers is not a 1-D float4 array");
 		*numbers = (float4 *) palloc(narrayelem * sizeof(float4));
 		memcpy(*numbers, ARR_DATA_PTR(statarray), narrayelem * sizeof(float4));
 		*nnumbers = narrayelem;
@@ -1939,7 +1954,9 @@ get_usesysid(const char *username)
 							 PointerGetDatum(username),
 							 0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(userTup))
-		elog(ERROR, "user \"%s\" does not exist", username);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("user \"%s\" does not exist", username)));
 
 	result = ((Form_pg_shadow) GETSTRUCT(userTup))->usesysid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 14899e2968b06ac8d64f65dcfb2369b69fcc4338..c9a56c0072a49ffd611df9706e75f9ca4471e326 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c,v 1.185 2003/05/28 16:03:59 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c,v 1.186 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -167,7 +167,9 @@ do { \
 										   HASH_ENTER, \
 										   &found); \
 	if (idhentry == NULL) \
-		elog(ERROR, "out of memory for relation descriptor cache"); \
+		ereport(ERROR, \
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY), \
+				 errmsg("out of memory"))); \
 	/* used to give notice if found -- now just keep quiet */ \
 	idhentry->reldesc = RELATION; \
 	nodentry = (RelNodeCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationNodeCache, \
@@ -175,7 +177,9 @@ do { \
 										   HASH_ENTER, \
 										   &found); \
 	if (nodentry == NULL) \
-		elog(ERROR, "out of memory for relation descriptor cache"); \
+		ereport(ERROR, \
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY), \
+				 errmsg("out of memory"))); \
 	/* used to give notice if found -- now just keep quiet */ \
 	nodentry->reldesc = RELATION; \
 	if (IsSystemNamespace(RelationGetNamespace(RELATION))) \
@@ -187,7 +191,9 @@ do { \
 												   HASH_ENTER, \
 												   &found); \
 		if (namehentry == NULL) \
-			elog(ERROR, "out of memory for relation descriptor cache"); \
+			ereport(ERROR, \
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY), \
+					 errmsg("out of memory"))); \
 		/* used to give notice if found -- now just keep quiet */ \
 		namehentry->reldesc = RELATION; \
 	} \
@@ -233,12 +239,12 @@ do { \
 										   (void *)&(RELATION->rd_id), \
 										   HASH_REMOVE, NULL); \
 	if (idhentry == NULL) \
-		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a rd_id reldesc that does not exist."); \
+		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a rd_id reldesc that does not exist"); \
 	nodentry = (RelNodeCacheEnt*)hash_search(RelationNodeCache, \
 										   (void *)&(RELATION->rd_node), \
 										   HASH_REMOVE, NULL); \
 	if (nodentry == NULL) \
-		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a rd_node reldesc that does not exist."); \
+		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a rd_node reldesc that does not exist"); \
 	if (IsSystemNamespace(RelationGetNamespace(RELATION))) \
 	{ \
 		char *relname = RelationGetRelationName(RELATION); \
@@ -247,7 +253,7 @@ do { \
 												   relname, \
 												   HASH_REMOVE, NULL); \
 		if (namehentry == NULL) \
-			elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a relname reldesc that does not exist."); \
+			elog(WARNING, "trying to delete a relname reldesc that does not exist"); \
 	} \
 } while(0)
 
@@ -353,7 +359,8 @@ ScanPgRelation(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo)
 			break;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "ScanPgRelation: bad buildinfo");
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized buildinfo type: %d",
+				 buildinfo.infotype);
 			return NULL;		/* keep compiler quiet */
 	}
 
@@ -507,7 +514,7 @@ RelationBuildTupleDesc(RelationBuildDescInfo buildinfo,
 
 		if (attp->attnum <= 0 ||
 			attp->attnum > relation->rd_rel->relnatts)
-			elog(ERROR, "Bogus attribute number %d for %s",
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid attribute number %d for %s",
 				 attp->attnum, RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 
 		relation->rd_att->attrs[attp->attnum - 1] =
@@ -961,7 +968,7 @@ RelationInitIndexAccessInfo(Relation relation)
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(RelationGetRelid(relation)),
 						   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "RelationInitIndexAccessInfo: no pg_index entry for index %u",
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for index %u",
 			 RelationGetRelid(relation));
 	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(CacheMemoryContext);
 	relation->rd_indextuple = heap_copytuple(tuple);
@@ -976,7 +983,7 @@ RelationInitIndexAccessInfo(Relation relation)
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(relation->rd_rel->relam),
 						   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "RelationInitIndexAccessInfo: cache lookup failed for AM %u",
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for access method %u",
 			 relation->rd_rel->relam);
 	aform = (Form_pg_am) MemoryContextAlloc(CacheMemoryContext, sizeof *aform);
 	memcpy(aform, GETSTRUCT(tuple), sizeof *aform);
@@ -985,7 +992,7 @@ RelationInitIndexAccessInfo(Relation relation)
 
 	natts = relation->rd_rel->relnatts;
 	if (natts != relation->rd_index->indnatts)
-		elog(ERROR, "RelationInitIndexAccessInfo: relnatts disagrees with indnatts for index %u",
+		elog(ERROR, "relnatts disagrees with indnatts for index %u",
 			 RelationGetRelid(relation));
 	amstrategies = aform->amstrategies;
 	amsupport = aform->amsupport;
@@ -1099,7 +1106,7 @@ IndexSupportInitialize(Form_pg_index iform,
 		OpClassCacheEnt *opcentry;
 
 		if (!OidIsValid(iform->indclass[attIndex]))
-			elog(ERROR, "IndexSupportInitialize: bogus pg_index tuple");
+			elog(ERROR, "bogus pg_index tuple");
 
 		/* look up the info for this opclass, using a cache */
 		opcentry = LookupOpclassInfo(iform->indclass[attIndex],
@@ -1206,7 +1213,9 @@ LookupOpclassInfo(Oid operatorClassOid,
 											   (void *) &operatorClassOid,
 											   HASH_ENTER, &found);
 	if (opcentry == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "out of memory for operator class cache");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 
 	if (found && opcentry->valid)
 	{
@@ -1280,7 +1289,7 @@ LookupOpclassInfo(Oid operatorClassOid,
 
 			if (amopform->amopstrategy <= 0 ||
 				(StrategyNumber) amopform->amopstrategy > numStrats)
-				elog(ERROR, "Bogus amopstrategy number %d for opclass %u",
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid amopstrategy number %d for opclass %u",
 					 amopform->amopstrategy, operatorClassOid);
 			opcentry->operatorOids[amopform->amopstrategy - 1] =
 				amopform->amopopr;
@@ -1315,7 +1324,7 @@ LookupOpclassInfo(Oid operatorClassOid,
 
 			if (amprocform->amprocnum <= 0 ||
 				(StrategyNumber) amprocform->amprocnum > numSupport)
-				elog(ERROR, "Bogus amproc number %d for opclass %u",
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid amproc number %d for opclass %u",
 					 amprocform->amprocnum, operatorClassOid);
 
 			opcentry->supportProcs[amprocform->amprocnum - 1] =
@@ -1659,10 +1668,8 @@ RelationReloadClassinfo(Relation relation)
 	buildinfo.i.info_id = relation->rd_id;
 	pg_class_tuple = ScanPgRelation(buildinfo);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(pg_class_tuple))
-	{
-		elog(ERROR, "RelationReloadClassinfo system relation id=%d doesn't exist", relation->rd_id);
-		return;
-	}
+		elog(ERROR, "could not find tuple for system relation %u",
+			 relation->rd_id);
 	RelationCacheDelete(relation);
 	relp = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(pg_class_tuple);
 	memcpy((char *) relation->rd_rel, (char *) relp, CLASS_TUPLE_SIZE);
@@ -1787,7 +1794,7 @@ RelationClearRelation(Relation relation, bool rebuild)
 			if (old_rulescxt)
 				MemoryContextDelete(old_rulescxt);
 			pfree(relation);
-			elog(ERROR, "RelationClearRelation: relation %u deleted while still in use",
+			elog(ERROR, "relation %u deleted while still in use",
 				 buildinfo.i.info_id);
 		}
 		RelationSetReferenceCount(relation, old_refcnt);
@@ -1870,7 +1877,7 @@ RelationForgetRelation(Oid rid)
 		return;					/* not in cache, nothing to do */
 
 	if (!RelationHasReferenceCountZero(relation))
-		elog(ERROR, "RelationForgetRelation: relation %u is still open", rid);
+		elog(ERROR, "relation %u is still open", rid);
 
 	/* Unconditionally destroy the relcache entry */
 	RelationClearRelation(relation, false);
@@ -2008,7 +2015,7 @@ AtEOXact_RelationCache(bool commit)
 		/*
 		 * During transaction abort, we must also reset relcache entry ref
 		 * counts to their normal not-in-a-transaction state.  A ref count
-		 * may be too high because some routine was exited by elog()
+		 * may be too high because some routine was exited by ereport()
 		 * between incrementing and decrementing the count.
 		 *
 		 * During commit, we should not have to do this, but it's still
@@ -2027,7 +2034,7 @@ AtEOXact_RelationCache(bool commit)
 			if (relation->rd_refcnt != expected_refcnt &&
 				!IsBootstrapProcessingMode())
 			{
-				elog(WARNING, "Relcache reference leak: relation \"%s\" has refcnt %d instead of %d",
+				elog(WARNING, "relcache reference leak: relation \"%s\" has refcnt %d instead of %d",
 					 RelationGetRelationName(relation),
 					 relation->rd_refcnt, expected_refcnt);
 				RelationSetReferenceCount(relation, expected_refcnt);
@@ -2324,8 +2331,8 @@ RelationCacheInitializePhase2(void)
 							ObjectIdGetDatum(RelationGetRelid(relation)),
 								  0, 0, 0);
 			if (!HeapTupleIsValid(htup))
-				elog(FATAL, "RelationCacheInitializePhase2: no pg_class entry for %s",
-					 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
+				elog(FATAL, "cache lookup failed for relation %u",
+					 RelationGetRelid(relation));
 			relp = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(htup);
 
 			/*
@@ -2466,21 +2473,22 @@ AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation)
 	{
 		Form_pg_attrdef adform = (Form_pg_attrdef) GETSTRUCT(htup);
 
-		found++;
 		for (i = 0; i < ndef; i++)
 		{
 			if (adform->adnum != attrdef[i].adnum)
 				continue;
 			if (attrdef[i].adbin != NULL)
-				elog(WARNING, "AttrDefaultFetch: second record found for attr %s in rel %s",
+				elog(WARNING, "multiple attrdef records found for attr %s of rel %s",
 					 NameStr(relation->rd_att->attrs[adform->adnum - 1]->attname),
 					 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
+			else
+				found++;
 
 			val = fastgetattr(htup,
 							  Anum_pg_attrdef_adbin,
 							  adrel->rd_att, &isnull);
 			if (isnull)
-				elog(WARNING, "AttrDefaultFetch: adbin IS NULL for attr %s in rel %s",
+				elog(WARNING, "null adbin for attr %s of rel %s",
 					 NameStr(relation->rd_att->attrs[adform->adnum - 1]->attname),
 					 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 			else
@@ -2491,16 +2499,15 @@ AttrDefaultFetch(Relation relation)
 		}
 
 		if (i >= ndef)
-			elog(WARNING, "AttrDefaultFetch: unexpected record found for attr %d in rel %s",
-				 adform->adnum,
-				 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
+			elog(WARNING, "unexpected attrdef record found for attr %d of rel %s",
+				 adform->adnum, RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 	}
 
 	systable_endscan(adscan);
 	heap_close(adrel, AccessShareLock);
 
 	if (found != ndef)
-		elog(WARNING, "AttrDefaultFetch: %d record(s) not found for rel %s",
+		elog(WARNING, "%d attrdef record(s) missing for rel %s",
 			 ndef - found, RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 }
 
@@ -2533,8 +2540,8 @@ CheckConstraintFetch(Relation relation)
 		if (conform->contype != CONSTRAINT_CHECK)
 			continue;
 
-		if (found == ncheck)
-			elog(ERROR, "CheckConstraintFetch: unexpected record found for rel %s",
+		if (found >= ncheck)
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected constraint record found for rel %s",
 				 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 
 		check[found].ccname = MemoryContextStrdup(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -2545,7 +2552,7 @@ CheckConstraintFetch(Relation relation)
 						  Anum_pg_constraint_conbin,
 						  conrel->rd_att, &isnull);
 		if (isnull)
-			elog(ERROR, "CheckConstraintFetch: conbin IS NULL for rel %s",
+			elog(ERROR, "null conbin for rel %s",
 				 RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 
 		check[found].ccbin = MemoryContextStrdup(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -2558,7 +2565,7 @@ CheckConstraintFetch(Relation relation)
 	heap_close(conrel, AccessShareLock);
 
 	if (found != ncheck)
-		elog(ERROR, "CheckConstraintFetch: %d record(s) not found for rel %s",
+		elog(ERROR, "%d constraint record(s) missing for rel %s",
 			 ncheck - found, RelationGetRelationName(relation));
 }
 
@@ -3172,7 +3179,11 @@ write_relcache_init_file(void)
 		 * We used to consider this a fatal error, but we might as well
 		 * continue with backend startup ...
 		 */
-		elog(WARNING, "Cannot create init file %s: %m\n\tContinuing anyway, but there's something wrong.", tempfilename);
+		ereport(WARNING,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not create init file \"%s\": %m",
+						tempfilename),
+				 errdetail("Continuing anyway, but there's something wrong.")));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -3196,28 +3207,28 @@ write_relcache_init_file(void)
 
 		/* first, write the relation descriptor length */
 		if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- descriptor length");
+			elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 		/* next, write out the Relation structure */
 		if (fwrite(rel, 1, len, fp) != len)
-			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- reldesc");
+			elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 		/* next write the relation tuple form */
 		len = sizeof(FormData_pg_class);
 		if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- relation tuple form length");
+			elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 		if (fwrite(relform, 1, len, fp) != len)
-			elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- relation tuple form");
+			elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 		/* next, do all the attribute tuple form data entries */
 		for (i = 0; i < relform->relnatts; i++)
 		{
 			len = ATTRIBUTE_TUPLE_SIZE;
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- length of attdesc %d", i);
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 			if (fwrite(rel->rd_att->attrs[i], 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- attdesc %d", i);
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 		}
 
 		/* If it's an index, there's more to do */
@@ -3229,43 +3240,43 @@ write_relcache_init_file(void)
 			/* we assume this was created by heap_copytuple! */
 			len = HEAPTUPLESIZE + rel->rd_indextuple->t_len;
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- index tuple length");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			if (fwrite(rel->rd_indextuple, 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- index tuple");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			/* next, write the access method tuple form */
 			len = sizeof(FormData_pg_am);
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- am tuple form length");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			if (fwrite(am, 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- am tuple form");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			/* next, write the index strategy map */
 			len = AttributeNumberGetIndexStrategySize(relform->relnatts,
 													  am->amstrategies);
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- strategy map length");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			if (fwrite(rel->rd_istrat, 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- strategy map");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			/* next, write the vector of operator OIDs */
 			len = relform->relnatts * (am->amstrategies * sizeof(Oid));
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- operator vector length");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			if (fwrite(rel->rd_operator, 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- operator vector");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			/* finally, write the vector of support procedures */
 			len = relform->relnatts * (am->amsupport * sizeof(RegProcedure));
 			if (fwrite(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- support vector length");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 
 			if (fwrite(rel->rd_support, 1, len, fp) != len)
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot write init file -- support vector");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not write init file");
 		}
 
 		/* also make a list of their OIDs, for RelationIdIsInInitFile */
@@ -3309,7 +3320,11 @@ write_relcache_init_file(void)
 		 */
 		if (rename(tempfilename, finalfilename) < 0)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "Cannot rename init file %s to %s: %m\n\tContinuing anyway, but there's something wrong.", tempfilename, finalfilename);
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not rename init file \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m",
+							tempfilename, finalfilename),
+					 errdetail("Continuing anyway, but there's something wrong.")));
 
 			/*
 			 * If we fail, try to clean up the useless temp file; don't
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
index 1e435f9f3ab041f60d2c15aa9f683cc59c2989d8..f5f1d1f874ab4ff96e575d8420da4c7ddc45e3be 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c,v 1.88 2003/05/13 04:38:58 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c,v 1.89 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  These routines allow the parser/planner/executor to perform
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ InitCatalogCache(void)
 										 cacheinfo[cacheId].nkeys,
 										 cacheinfo[cacheId].key);
 		if (!PointerIsValid(SysCache[cacheId]))
-			elog(ERROR, "InitCatalogCache: Can't init cache %s (%d)",
+			elog(ERROR, "could not initialize cache %s (%d)",
 				 cacheinfo[cacheId].name, cacheId);
 	}
 	CacheInitialized = true;
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ SearchSysCache(int cacheId,
 {
 	if (cacheId < 0 || cacheId >= SysCacheSize ||
 		!PointerIsValid(SysCache[cacheId]))
-		elog(ERROR, "SearchSysCache: Bad cache id %d", cacheId);
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid cache id: %d", cacheId);
 
 	return SearchCatCache(SysCache[cacheId], key1, key2, key3, key4);
 }
@@ -712,10 +712,10 @@ SysCacheGetAttr(int cacheId, HeapTuple tup,
 	 * then it should be.
 	 */
 	if (cacheId < 0 || cacheId >= SysCacheSize)
-		elog(ERROR, "SysCacheGetAttr: Bad cache id %d", cacheId);
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid cache id: %d", cacheId);
 	if (!PointerIsValid(SysCache[cacheId]) ||
 		!PointerIsValid(SysCache[cacheId]->cc_tupdesc))
-		elog(ERROR, "SysCacheGetAttr: missing cache data for id %d", cacheId);
+		elog(ERROR, "missing cache data for cache id %d", cacheId);
 
 	return heap_getattr(tup, attributeNumber,
 						SysCache[cacheId]->cc_tupdesc,
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ SearchSysCacheList(int cacheId, int nkeys,
 {
 	if (cacheId < 0 || cacheId >= SysCacheSize ||
 		!PointerIsValid(SysCache[cacheId]))
-		elog(ERROR, "SearchSysCacheList: Bad cache id %d", cacheId);
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid cache id: %d", cacheId);
 
 	return SearchCatCacheList(SysCache[cacheId], nkeys,
 							  key1, key2, key3, key4);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/README b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/README
index 4a37d4c6e114d1a121c169997dac99fa03760a90..235db10ea9be83443be880ddcedb17c34b314eea 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/README
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/README
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ the target function); they will just set it NULL.  This is unlikely to
 bother any built-in function that could be called this way.  Note also
 that this style of coding cannot pass a NULL input value nor cope with
 a NULL result (it couldn't before, either!).  We can make the helper
-routines elog an error if they see that the function returns a NULL.
+routines ereport an error if they see that the function returns a NULL.
 
 When invoking a function that has a known argument signature, we have
 usually written either
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ to a bitmask that's the OR of the modes the caller can support.  The actual
 mode used by the function is returned in another field "returnMode".  For
 backwards-compatibility reasons, returnMode is initialized to value-per-call
 and need only be changed if the function wants to use a different mode.
-The function should elog() if it cannot use any of the modes the caller is
+The function should ereport() if it cannot use any of the modes the caller is
 willing to support.
 
 Value-per-call mode works like this: ReturnSetInfo contains a field
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c
index 04e72e53413a46f3e53d3f9223fefce542d4f194..03bf02266370642871e60261755363dc62633e05 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c,v 1.72 2003/07/01 00:04:38 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/fmgr/fmgr.c,v 1.73 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -186,8 +186,7 @@ fmgr_info_cxt_security(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, MemoryContext mcxt,
 									ObjectIdGetDatum(functionId),
 									0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(procedureTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr_info: function %u: cache lookup failed",
-			 functionId);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", functionId);
 	procedureStruct = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(procedureTuple);
 
 	finfo->fn_nargs = procedureStruct->pronargs;
@@ -219,8 +218,10 @@ fmgr_info_cxt_security(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, MemoryContext mcxt,
 							 PointerGetDatum(&procedureStruct->prosrc)));
 			fbp = fmgr_lookupByName(prosrc);
 			if (fbp == NULL)
-				elog(ERROR, "fmgr_info: function %s not in internal table",
-					 prosrc);
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+						 errmsg("internal function \"%s\" is not in table",
+								prosrc)));
 			pfree(prosrc);
 			/* Should we check that nargs, strict, retset match the table? */
 			finfo->fn_addr = fbp->func;
@@ -266,15 +267,13 @@ fmgr_info_C_lang(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, HeapTuple procedureTuple)
 	prosrcattr = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procedureTuple,
 								 Anum_pg_proc_prosrc, &isnull);
 	if (isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr: Could not extract prosrc for %u from pg_proc",
-			 functionId);
+		elog(ERROR, "null prosrc for function %u", functionId);
 	prosrcstring = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, prosrcattr));
 
 	probinattr = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procedureTuple,
 								 Anum_pg_proc_probin, &isnull);
 	if (isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr: Could not extract probin for %u from pg_proc",
-			 functionId);
+		elog(ERROR, "null probin for function %u", functionId);
 	probinstring = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, probinattr));
 
 	/* Look up the function itself */
@@ -306,7 +305,7 @@ fmgr_info_C_lang(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, HeapTuple procedureTuple)
 			break;
 		default:
 			/* Shouldn't get here if fetch_finfo_record did its job */
-			elog(ERROR, "Unknown function API version %d",
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized function API version: %d",
 				 inforec->api_version);
 			break;
 	}
@@ -332,8 +331,7 @@ fmgr_info_other_lang(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, HeapTuple procedureTuple)
 								   ObjectIdGetDatum(language),
 								   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(languageTuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr_info: cache lookup for language %u failed",
-			 language);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u", language);
 	languageStruct = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(languageTuple);
 
 	fmgr_info(languageStruct->lanplcallfoid, &plfinfo);
@@ -345,8 +343,7 @@ fmgr_info_other_lang(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo, HeapTuple procedureTuple)
 	 * oldstyle PL handlers.
 	 */
 	if (plfinfo.fn_extra != NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr_info: language %u has old-style handler",
-			 language);
+		elog(ERROR, "language %u has old-style handler", language);
 
 	ReleaseSysCache(languageTuple);
 }
@@ -393,7 +390,7 @@ fetch_finfo_record(void *filehandle, char *funcname)
 
 	/* Validate result as best we can */
 	if (inforec == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Null result from %s", infofuncname);
+		elog(ERROR, "null result from info function \"%s\"", infofuncname);
 	switch (inforec->api_version)
 	{
 		case 0:
@@ -401,8 +398,10 @@ fetch_finfo_record(void *filehandle, char *funcname)
 			/* OK, no additional fields to validate */
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "Unknown version %d reported by %s",
-				 inforec->api_version, infofuncname);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("unrecognized API version %d reported by info function \"%s\"",
+							inforec->api_version, infofuncname)));
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ fmgr_oldstyle(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	char	   *returnValue;
 
 	if (fcinfo->flinfo == NULL || fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Internal error: fmgr_oldstyle received NULL pointer");
+		elog(ERROR, "fmgr_oldstyle received NULL pointer");
 	fnextra = (Oldstyle_fnextra *) fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra;
 
 	/*
@@ -618,8 +617,10 @@ fmgr_oldstyle(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 			 * needed to support old-style functions with many arguments,
 			 * but making 'em be new-style is probably a better idea.
 			 */
-			elog(ERROR, "fmgr_oldstyle: function %u: too many arguments (%d > %d)",
-				 fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, n_arguments, 16);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS),
+					 errmsg("function %u has too many arguments (%d > %d)",
+							fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, n_arguments, 16)));
 			returnValue = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
 			break;
 	}
@@ -663,9 +664,11 @@ fmgr_security_definer(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		fmgr_info_cxt_security(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, &fcache->flinfo,
 							   fcinfo->flinfo->fn_mcxt, true);
 
-		tuple = SearchSysCache(PROCOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid), 0, 0, 0);
+		tuple = SearchSysCache(PROCOID,
+							   ObjectIdGetDatum(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid),
+							   0, 0, 0);
 		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-			elog(ERROR, "fmgr_security_definer: function %u: cache lookup failed",
+			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u",
 				 fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid);
 		fcache->userid = ((Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->proowner;
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
@@ -727,8 +730,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall1(PGFunction func, Datum arg1)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall1: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -755,8 +757,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall2(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall2: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -778,8 +779,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall3(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall3: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -802,8 +802,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall4(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall4: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -827,8 +826,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall5(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall5: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -854,8 +852,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall6(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall6: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -882,8 +879,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall7(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall7: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -911,8 +907,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall8(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall8: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -942,8 +937,7 @@ DirectFunctionCall9(PGFunction func, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "DirectFunctionCall9: function %p returned NULL",
-			 (void *) func);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %p returned NULL", (void *) func);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -973,8 +967,7 @@ FunctionCall1(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall1: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1001,8 +994,7 @@ FunctionCall2(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall2: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1025,8 +1017,7 @@ FunctionCall3(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall3: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1050,8 +1041,7 @@ FunctionCall4(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall4: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1076,8 +1066,7 @@ FunctionCall5(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall5: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1104,8 +1093,7 @@ FunctionCall6(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall6: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1133,8 +1121,7 @@ FunctionCall7(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall7: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1163,8 +1150,7 @@ FunctionCall8(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall8: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1195,8 +1181,7 @@ FunctionCall9(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall9: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1226,8 +1211,7 @@ OidFunctionCall1(Oid functionId, Datum arg1)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall1: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1251,8 +1235,7 @@ OidFunctionCall2(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall2: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1278,8 +1261,7 @@ OidFunctionCall3(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall3: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1306,8 +1288,7 @@ OidFunctionCall4(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall4: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1335,8 +1316,7 @@ OidFunctionCall5(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall5: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1366,8 +1346,7 @@ OidFunctionCall6(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall6: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1398,8 +1377,7 @@ OidFunctionCall7(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall7: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1431,8 +1409,7 @@ OidFunctionCall8(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall8: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1466,8 +1443,7 @@ OidFunctionCall9(Oid functionId, Datum arg1, Datum arg2,
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "OidFunctionCall9: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1505,8 +1481,10 @@ fmgr(Oid procedureId,...)
 		int			i;
 
 		if (n_arguments > FUNC_MAX_ARGS)
-			elog(ERROR, "fmgr: function %u: too many arguments (%d > %d)",
-				 flinfo.fn_oid, n_arguments, FUNC_MAX_ARGS);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_ARGUMENTS),
+					 errmsg("function %u has too many arguments (%d > %d)",
+							flinfo.fn_oid, n_arguments, FUNC_MAX_ARGS)));
 		va_start(pvar, procedureId);
 		for (i = 0; i < n_arguments; i++)
 			fcinfo.arg[i] = (Datum) va_arg(pvar, char *);
@@ -1517,8 +1495,7 @@ fmgr(Oid procedureId,...)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "fmgr: function %u returned NULL",
-			 flinfo.fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", flinfo.fn_oid);
 
 	return (char *) result;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
index 95975653a64f94d3a42bcb26fafba94b08673805..d39791d39a1658217af539d1d939a4b213d3fb23 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c,v 1.6 2002/09/04 20:31:30 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c,v 1.7 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ init_MultiFuncCall(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	 * Bail if we're called in the wrong context
 	 */
 	if (fcinfo->resultinfo == NULL || !IsA(fcinfo->resultinfo, ReturnSetInfo))
-		elog(ERROR, "function called in context that does not accept a set result");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("set function called in context that does not accept a set result")));
 
 	if (fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra == NULL)
 	{
@@ -63,8 +65,8 @@ init_MultiFuncCall(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra = retval;
 	}
 	else
-/* second and subsequent calls */
 	{
+		/* second and subsequent calls */
 		elog(ERROR, "init_MultiFuncCall may not be called more than once");
 
 		/* never reached, but keep compiler happy */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c b/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c
index c357c13e6c8a02f7634692af0201bc78bccaf157..45799a6509381e5fe1a27cd36e5956805199c10a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c,v 1.45 2002/10/31 21:59:32 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/hash/dynahash.c,v 1.46 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ hash_search(HTAB *hashp,
 			return (void *) ELEMENTKEY(currBucket);
 	}
 
-	elog(ERROR, "hash_search: bogus action %d", (int) action);
+	elog(ERROR, "unrecognized hash action code: %d", (int) action);
 
 	return NULL;				/* keep compiler quiet */
 }
@@ -932,9 +932,9 @@ hash_corrupted(HTAB *hashp)
 	 * systemwide restart.	Otherwise, just shut down this one backend.
 	 */
 	if (hashp->isshared)
-		elog(PANIC, "Hash table '%s' corrupted", hashp->tabname);
+		elog(PANIC, "hash table \"%s\" corrupted", hashp->tabname);
 	else
-		elog(FATAL, "Hash table '%s' corrupted", hashp->tabname);
+		elog(FATAL, "hash table \"%s\" corrupted", hashp->tabname);
 }
 
 /* calculate ceil(log base 2) of num */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/findbe.c b/src/backend/utils/init/findbe.c
index fabdd719110ef38fab91b3540f06c94d51a15262..a725160ee6b8fd2b7eb6982d7163392f8ced1d94 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/findbe.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/findbe.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/Attic/findbe.c,v 1.34 2003/05/27 17:49:46 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/Attic/findbe.c,v 1.35 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ ValidateBinary(char *path)
 	 */
 	if (stat(path, &buf) < 0)
 	{
-		elog(DEBUG3, "ValidateBinary: can't stat \"%s\"", path);
+		elog(DEBUG3, "could not stat \"%s\": %m", path);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
 	if ((buf.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG)
 	{
-		elog(DEBUG3, "ValidateBinary: \"%s\" is not a regular file", path);
+		elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\" is not a regular file", path);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ ValidateBinary(char *path)
 		is_r = buf.st_mode & S_IRUSR;
 		is_x = buf.st_mode & S_IXUSR;
 		if (!(is_r && is_x))
-			elog(DEBUG3, "ValidateBinary: \"%s\" is not user read/execute", path);
+			elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\" is not user read/execute", path);
 		return is_x ? (is_r ? 0 : -2) : -1;
 	}
 	pwp = getpwuid(euid);
@@ -121,16 +121,14 @@ ValidateBinary(char *path)
 			is_r = buf.st_mode & S_IRGRP;
 			is_x = buf.st_mode & S_IXGRP;
 			if (!(is_r && is_x))
-				elog(DEBUG3, "ValidateBinary: \"%s\" is not group read/execute",
-					 path);
+				elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\" is not group read/execute", path);
 			return is_x ? (is_r ? 0 : -2) : -1;
 		}
 	}
 	is_r = buf.st_mode & S_IROTH;
 	is_x = buf.st_mode & S_IXOTH;
 	if (!(is_r && is_x))
-		elog(DEBUG3, "ValidateBinary: \"%s\" is not other read/execute",
-			 path);
+		elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\" is not other read/execute", path);
 	return is_x ? (is_r ? 0 : -2) : -1;
 #endif
 }
@@ -179,10 +177,10 @@ FindExec(char *full_path, const char *argv0, const char *binary_name)
 		if (ValidateBinary(buf) == 0)
 		{
 			strncpy(full_path, buf, MAXPGPATH);
-			elog(DEBUG2, "FindExec: found \"%s\" using argv[0]", full_path);
+			elog(DEBUG2, "found \"%s\" using argv[0]", full_path);
 			return 0;
 		}
-		elog(LOG, "FindExec: invalid binary \"%s\"", buf);
+		elog(DEBUG2, "invalid binary \"%s\"", buf);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ FindExec(char *full_path, const char *argv0, const char *binary_name)
 	 */
 	if ((p = getenv("PATH")) && *p)
 	{
-		elog(DEBUG2, "FindExec: searching PATH ...");
+		elog(DEBUG2, "searching PATH for executable");
 		path = strdup(p);		/* make a modifiable copy */
 		for (startp = path, endp = strchr(path, ':');
 			 startp && *startp;
@@ -213,14 +211,13 @@ FindExec(char *full_path, const char *argv0, const char *binary_name)
 			{
 				case 0: /* found ok */
 					strncpy(full_path, buf, MAXPGPATH);
-					elog(DEBUG2, "FindExec: found \"%s\" using PATH",
-						 full_path);
+					elog(DEBUG2, "found \"%s\" using PATH", full_path);
 					free(path);
 					return 0;
 				case -1:		/* wasn't even a candidate, keep looking */
 					break;
 				case -2:		/* found but disqualified */
-					elog(LOG, "FindExec: could not read binary \"%s\"", buf);
+					elog(DEBUG2, "could not read binary \"%s\"", buf);
 					free(path);
 					return -1;
 			}
@@ -230,6 +227,6 @@ FindExec(char *full_path, const char *argv0, const char *binary_name)
 		free(path);
 	}
 
-	elog(LOG, "FindExec: could not find a %s to execute", binary_name);
+	elog(DEBUG2, "could not find a \"%s\" to execute", binary_name);
 	return -1;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index 4d65f619be443629b2d1ec230e67beb2159b9ebe..40cd86c1785dcec55a48e197851e48e31f23e5fd 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c,v 1.104 2003/06/27 19:08:37 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c,v 1.105 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ SetDataDir(const char *dir)
 		{
 			buf = malloc(buflen);
 			if (!buf)
-				elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+						 errmsg("out of memory")));
 
 			if (getcwd(buf, buflen))
 				break;
@@ -141,13 +143,15 @@ SetDataDir(const char *dir)
 			else
 			{
 				free(buf);
-				elog(FATAL, "cannot get current working directory: %m");
+				elog(FATAL, "could not get current working directory: %m");
 			}
 		}
 
 		new = malloc(strlen(buf) + 1 + strlen(dir) + 1);
 		if (!new)
-			elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		sprintf(new, "%s/%s", buf, dir);
 		free(buf);
 	}
@@ -155,7 +159,9 @@ SetDataDir(const char *dir)
 	{
 		new = strdup(dir);
 		if (!new)
-			elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -235,7 +241,7 @@ SetCharSet(void)
 					while (!feof(file) && buf[0])
 					{
 						next_token(file, buf, sizeof(buf));
-						elog(LOG, "SetCharSet: unknown tag %s in file %s",
+						elog(LOG, "unexpected token %s in file %s",
 							 buf, filename);
 					}
 				}
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ GetCharSetByHost(char *TableName, int host, const char *DataDir)
 			else if (strcasecmp(buf, "RecodeTable") == 0)
 				key = KEY_TABLE;
 			else
-				elog(LOG, "GetCharSetByHost: unknown tag %s in file %s",
+				elog(LOG, "unknown tag %s in file %s",
 					 buf, CHARSET_FILE);
 
 			switch (key)
@@ -446,7 +452,7 @@ GetCharSetByHost(char *TableName, int host, const char *DataDir)
 			while (!feof(file) && buf[0])
 			{
 				next_token(file, buf, sizeof(buf));
-				elog(LOG, "GetCharSetByHost: unknown tag %s in file %s",
+				elog(LOG, "unknown tag %s in file %s",
 					 buf, CHARSET_FILE);
 			}
 		}
@@ -544,7 +550,9 @@ InitializeSessionUserId(const char *username)
 							 PointerGetDatum(username),
 							 0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(userTup))
-		elog(FATAL, "user \"%s\" does not exist", username);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("user \"%s\" does not exist", username)));
 
 	usesysid = ((Form_pg_shadow) GETSTRUCT(userTup))->usesysid;
 
@@ -610,7 +618,9 @@ SetSessionAuthorization(AclId userid, bool is_superuser)
 
 	if (userid != AuthenticatedUserId &&
 		!AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser)
-		elog(ERROR, "SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION: permission denied");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("permission denied")));
 
 	SetSessionUserId(userid);
 	SetUserId(userid);
@@ -634,7 +644,9 @@ GetUserNameFromId(AclId userid)
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(userid),
 						   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "invalid user id %d", userid);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("invalid user id: %d", userid)));
 
 	result = pstrdup(NameStr(((Form_pg_shadow) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->usename));
 
@@ -716,7 +728,10 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
 		 * Couldn't create the pid file. Probably it already exists.
 		 */
 		if ((errno != EEXIST && errno != EACCES) || ntries > 100)
-			elog(FATAL, "Can't create lock file %s: %m", filename);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not create lock file \"%s\": %m",
+							filename)));
 
 		/*
 		 * Read the file to get the old owner's PID.  Note race condition
@@ -727,10 +742,16 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
 		{
 			if (errno == ENOENT)
 				continue;		/* race condition; try again */
-			elog(FATAL, "Can't read lock file %s: %m", filename);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not open lock file \"%s\": %m",
+							filename)));
 		}
 		if ((len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1)) <= 0)
-			elog(FATAL, "Can't read lock file %s: %m", filename);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not read lock file \"%s\": %m",
+							filename)));
 		close(fd);
 
 		buffer[len] = '\0';
@@ -740,7 +761,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
 		other_pid = (pid_t) (encoded_pid < 0 ? -encoded_pid : encoded_pid);
 
 		if (other_pid <= 0)
-			elog(FATAL, "Bogus data in lock file %s", filename);
+			elog(FATAL, "bogus data in lock file \"%s\"", filename);
 
 		/*
 		 * Check to see if the other process still exists
@@ -814,10 +835,13 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
 		 * against other would-be creators.
 		 */
 		if (unlink(filename) < 0)
-			elog(FATAL, "Can't remove old lock file %s: %m"
-				 "\n\tThe file seems accidentally left, but I couldn't remove it."
-				 "\n\tPlease remove the file by hand and try again.",
-				 filename);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not remove old lock file \"%s\": %m",
+							filename),
+					 errhint("The file seems accidentally left over, but "
+							 "I couldn't remove it. Please remove the file "
+							 "by hand and try again.")));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -835,7 +859,9 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
 		unlink(filename);
 		/* if write didn't set errno, assume problem is no disk space */
 		errno = save_errno ? save_errno : ENOSPC;
-		elog(FATAL, "Can't write lock file %s: %m", filename);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not write lock file \"%s\": %m", filename)));
 	}
 	close(fd);
 
@@ -941,13 +967,19 @@ RecordSharedMemoryInLockFile(unsigned long id1, unsigned long id2)
 	fd = open(directoryLockFile, O_RDWR | PG_BINARY, 0);
 	if (fd < 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Failed to rewrite %s: %m", directoryLockFile);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not rewrite \"%s\": %m",
+						directoryLockFile)));
 		return;
 	}
 	len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 100);
 	if (len <= 0)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Failed to read %s: %m", directoryLockFile);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not read \"%s\": %m",
+						directoryLockFile)));
 		close(fd);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -960,7 +992,7 @@ RecordSharedMemoryInLockFile(unsigned long id1, unsigned long id2)
 	if (ptr == NULL ||
 		(ptr = strchr(ptr + 1, '\n')) == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "Bogus data in %s", directoryLockFile);
+		elog(LOG, "bogus data in \"%s\"", directoryLockFile);
 		close(fd);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -984,7 +1016,10 @@ RecordSharedMemoryInLockFile(unsigned long id1, unsigned long id2)
 		/* if write didn't set errno, assume problem is no disk space */
 		if (errno == 0)
 			errno = ENOSPC;
-		elog(LOG, "Failed to write %s: %m", directoryLockFile);
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not write \"%s\": %m",
+						directoryLockFile)));
 		close(fd);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1001,7 +1036,7 @@ RecordSharedMemoryInLockFile(unsigned long id1, unsigned long id2)
  * Determine whether the PG_VERSION file in directory `path' indicates
  * a data version compatible with the version of this program.
  *
- * If compatible, return. Otherwise, elog(FATAL).
+ * If compatible, return. Otherwise, ereport(FATAL).
  */
 void
 ValidatePgVersion(const char *path)
@@ -1026,21 +1061,36 @@ ValidatePgVersion(const char *path)
 	if (!file)
 	{
 		if (errno == ENOENT)
-			elog(FATAL, "File %s is missing. This is not a valid data directory.", full_path);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a valid data directory",
+							path),
+					 errdetail("File \"%s\" is missing.", full_path)));
 		else
-			elog(FATAL, "cannot open %s: %m", full_path);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not open \"%s\": %m", full_path)));
 	}
 
 	ret = fscanf(file, "%ld.%ld", &file_major, &file_minor);
 	if (ret != 2)
-		elog(FATAL, "File %s does not contain valid data. You need to initdb.", full_path);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+					 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a valid data directory",
+							path),
+					 errdetail("File \"%s\" does not contain valid data.",
+							   full_path),
+					 errhint("You may need to initdb.")));
 
 	FreeFile(file);
 
 	if (my_major != file_major || my_minor != file_minor)
-		elog(FATAL, "The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version %ld.%ld, "
-			 "which is not compatible with this version %s.",
-			 file_major, file_minor, version_string);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("database files are incompatible with server"),
+				 errdetail("The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version %ld.%ld, "
+						   "which is not compatible with this version %s.",
+						   file_major, file_minor, version_string)));
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1077,7 +1127,10 @@ process_preload_libraries(char *preload_libraries_string)
 		/* syntax error in list */
 		pfree(rawstring);
 		freeList(elemlist);
-		elog(LOG, "invalid list syntax for preload_libraries configuration option");
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+				 errmsg("invalid list syntax for preload_libraries configuration option")));
+		return;
 	}
 
 	foreach(l, elemlist)
@@ -1098,12 +1151,11 @@ process_preload_libraries(char *preload_libraries_string)
 			size_t		funcname_len = strlen(tok) - filename_len - 1;
 
 			filename = (char *) palloc(filename_len + 1);
-			memset(filename, '\0', filename_len + 1);
-			snprintf(filename, filename_len + 1, "%s", tok);
+			memcpy(filename, tok, filename_len);
+			filename[filename_len] = '\0';
 
 			funcname = (char *) palloc(funcname_len + 1);
-			memset(funcname, '\0', funcname_len + 1);
-			snprintf(funcname, funcname_len + 1, "%s", sep + 1);
+			strcpy(funcname, sep + 1);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -1114,16 +1166,22 @@ process_preload_libraries(char *preload_libraries_string)
 			funcname = NULL;
 		}
 
-		initfunc = (func_ptr) load_external_function(filename, funcname, false, NULL);
+		initfunc = (func_ptr) load_external_function(filename, funcname,
+													 false, NULL);
 		if (initfunc)
 			(*initfunc)();
 
-		elog(LOG, "preloaded library %s with initialization function %s", filename, funcname);
-
-		if (filename != NULL)
-			pfree(filename);
+		if (funcname)
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("preloaded library \"%s\" with initialization function \"%s\"",
+							filename, funcname)));
+		else
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("preloaded library \"%s\"",
+							filename)));
 
-		if (funcname != NULL)
+		pfree(filename);
+		if (funcname)
 			pfree(funcname);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index 3cd3f57929414510a50f0a6fa59c74c74e3a2cce..9dc96f0653b674810c9a3cc5000626293bc4fb29 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c,v 1.123 2003/07/14 20:00:22 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c,v 1.124 2003/07/25 20:17:52 tgl Exp $
  *
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,8 +111,10 @@ ReverifyMyDatabase(const char *name)
 		 */
 		DropBuffers(MyDatabaseId);
 		/* Now I can commit hara-kiri with a clear conscience... */
-		elog(FATAL, "Database \"%s\", OID %u, has disappeared from pg_database",
-			 name, MyDatabaseId);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_DATABASE),
+				 errmsg("database \"%s\", OID %u, has disappeared from pg_database",
+						name, MyDatabaseId)));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -120,8 +122,10 @@ ReverifyMyDatabase(const char *name)
 	 */
 	dbform = (Form_pg_database) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 	if (!dbform->datallowconn)
-		elog(FATAL, "Database \"%s\" is not currently accepting connections",
-			 name);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("database \"%s\" is not currently accepting connections",
+						name)));
 
 	/*
 	 * OK, we're golden.  Only other to-do item is to save the encoding
@@ -252,23 +256,38 @@ InitPostgres(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 		GetRawDatabaseInfo(dbname, &MyDatabaseId, datpath);
 
 		if (!OidIsValid(MyDatabaseId))
-			elog(FATAL,
-				 "Database \"%s\" does not exist in the system catalog.",
-				 dbname);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_DATABASE),
+					 errmsg("database \"%s\" does not exist",
+							dbname)));
 
 		fullpath = GetDatabasePath(MyDatabaseId);
 
 		/* Verify the database path */
 
 		if (access(fullpath, F_OK) == -1)
-			elog(FATAL, "Database \"%s\" does not exist.\n\t"
-				 "The database subdirectory '%s' is missing.",
-				 dbname, fullpath);
+		{
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_DATABASE),
+						 errmsg("database \"%s\" does not exist",
+								dbname),
+						 errdetail("The database subdirectory \"%s\" is missing.",
+								   fullpath)));
+			else
+				ereport(FATAL,
+						(errcode_for_file_access(),
+						 errmsg("could not access directory \"%s\": %m",
+								fullpath)));
+		}
 
 		ValidatePgVersion(fullpath);
 
 		if (chdir(fullpath) == -1)
-			elog(FATAL, "Unable to change directory to '%s': %m", fullpath);
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not change directory to \"%s\": %m",
+							fullpath)));
 
 		SetDatabasePath(fullpath);
 	}
@@ -297,7 +316,7 @@ InitPostgres(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 	InitBackendSharedInvalidationState();
 
 	if (MyBackendId > MaxBackends || MyBackendId <= 0)
-		elog(FATAL, "InitPostgres: bad backend id %d", MyBackendId);
+		elog(FATAL, "bad backend id: %d", MyBackendId);
 
 	/*
 	 * Initialize the transaction system override state.
@@ -347,11 +366,11 @@ InitPostgres(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 	{
 		InitializeSessionUserIdStandalone();
 		if (!ThereIsAtLeastOneUser())
-		{
-			elog(WARNING, "There are currently no users defined in this database system.");
-			elog(WARNING, "You should immediately run 'CREATE USER \"%s\" WITH SYSID %d CREATEUSER;'.",
-				 username, BOOTSTRAP_USESYSID);
-		}
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+					 errmsg("no users are defined in this database system"),
+					 errhint("You should immediately run 'CREATE USER \"%s\" WITH SYSID %d CREATEUSER;'.",
+							 username, BOOTSTRAP_USESYSID)));
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -384,7 +403,9 @@ InitPostgres(const char *dbname, const char *username)
 	if (ReservedBackends > 0 &&
 		CountEmptyBackendSlots() < ReservedBackends &&
 		!superuser())
-		elog(FATAL, "Non-superuser connection limit exceeded");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS),
+				 errmsg("connection limit exceeded for non-superusers")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Initialize various default states that can't be set up until we've
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c b/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c
index 2586365f3bc965a8ead98353e6a58e8bff6ccde4..ec1af6a4e7270999d36ecf8599b61fadd1b94b1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c,v 1.45 2003/04/12 07:53:57 ishii Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/conv.c,v 1.46 2003/07/25 20:17:54 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -371,7 +371,10 @@ UtfToLocal(unsigned char *utf, unsigned char *iso,
 					sizeof(pg_utf_to_local), compare1);
 		if (p == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "UtfToLocal: could not convert UTF-8 (0x%04x). Ignored", iutf);
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER),
+					 errmsg("ignoring unconvertible UTF-8 character 0x%04x",
+							iutf)));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (p->code & 0xff000000)
@@ -398,7 +401,9 @@ LocalToUtf(unsigned char *iso, unsigned char *utf,
 	pg_local_to_utf *p;
 
 	if (!PG_VALID_ENCODING(encoding))
-		elog(ERROR, "Invalid encoding number %d", encoding);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("invalid encoding number: %d", encoding)));
 
 	for (; len > 0 && *iso; len -= l)
 	{
@@ -435,8 +440,10 @@ LocalToUtf(unsigned char *iso, unsigned char *utf,
 					sizeof(pg_local_to_utf), compare2);
 		if (p == NULL)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "LocalToUtf: could not convert (0x%04x) %s to UTF-8. Ignored",
-				 iiso, (&pg_enc2name_tbl[encoding])->name);
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER),
+					 errmsg("ignoring unconvertible %s character 0x%04x",
+							(&pg_enc2name_tbl[encoding])->name, iiso)));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (p->utf & 0xff000000)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c b/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c
index 78ca64e6d86c28f4c64438de917cd3f7139f6bdf..122a92844e2f2b4554464dc97aca2b85f2aaa08b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c,v 1.5 2002/10/26 15:01:00 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c,v 1.6 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ utf8_to_iso8859_1(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 			len -= 2;
 		}
 		else if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xe0)
-			elog(ERROR, "Could not convert UTF-8 to ISO8859-1");
+			elog(ERROR, "could not convert UTF-8 character 0x%04x to ISO8859-1",
+				 c);
 		else
 		{
 			*dest++ = c;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/encnames.c b/src/backend/utils/mb/encnames.c
index 93a7dc240deb381dffaa374ad93a10fc9d7d25f6..86b3bfa6cbcb073c470b429e71dc237996cad045 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mb/encnames.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/encnames.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Encoding names and routines for work with it. All
  * in this file is shared bedween FE and BE.
  *
- * $Id: encnames.c,v 1.16 2003/06/12 08:15:28 momjian Exp $
+ * $Id: encnames.c,v 1.17 2003/07/25 20:17:55 tgl Exp $
  */
 #ifdef FRONTEND
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
@@ -437,10 +437,12 @@ pg_char_to_encname_struct(const char *name)
 	if (strlen(name) > NAMEDATALEN)
 	{
 #ifdef FRONTEND
-		fprintf(stderr, "pg_char_to_encname_struct(): encoding name too long");
+		fprintf(stderr, "encoding name too long\n");
 		return NULL;
 #else
-		elog(ERROR, "pg_char_to_encname_struct(): encoding name too long");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_NAME_TOO_LONG),
+				 errmsg("encoding name too long")));
 #endif
 	}
 	key = clean_encoding_name((char *) name, buff);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c b/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c
index fe9829a8cf2cd8aa1d69885e8a8a9773b4af6ec6..6ec2c1ad02f91944a0c6f28f48c6e4f4f0fce2d5 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * (currently mule internal code (mic) is used)
  * Tatsuo Ishii
  *
- * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c,v 1.41 2003/04/27 18:01:46 tgl Exp $
+ * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mb/mbutils.c,v 1.42 2003/07/25 20:17:55 tgl Exp $
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
@@ -183,9 +183,11 @@ InitializeClientEncoding(void)
 		 * Oops, the requested conversion is not available.
 		 * We couldn't fail before, but we can now.
 		 */
-		elog(FATAL, "Conversion between %s and %s is not supported",
-			 pg_enc2name_tbl[pending_client_encoding].name,
-			 GetDatabaseEncodingName());
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("conversion between %s and %s is not supported",
+						pg_enc2name_tbl[pending_client_encoding].name,
+						GetDatabaseEncodingName())));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -245,23 +247,24 @@ pg_do_encoding_conversion(unsigned char *src, int len,
 	proc = FindDefaultConversionProc(src_encoding, dest_encoding);
 	if (!OidIsValid(proc))
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "default conversion proc for %s to %s not found",
-			 pg_encoding_to_char(src_encoding), pg_encoding_to_char(dest_encoding));
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FUNCTION),
+				 errmsg("default conversion proc for %s to %s does not exist",
+						pg_encoding_to_char(src_encoding),
+						pg_encoding_to_char(dest_encoding))));
 		return src;
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * XXX we shoud avoid throwing errors in OidFuctionCall. Otherwise we
-	 * are going into inifinite loop!  So we have to make sure that the
+	 * XXX we should avoid throwing errors in OidFunctionCall. Otherwise we
+	 * are going into infinite loop!  So we have to make sure that the
 	 * function exists before calling OidFunctionCall.
 	 */
 	if (!SearchSysCacheExists(PROCOID,
 							  ObjectIdGetDatum(proc),
 							  0, 0, 0))
 	{
-		elog(LOG, "default conversion proc %u for %s to %s not found in pg_proc",
-			 proc,
-			 pg_encoding_to_char(src_encoding), pg_encoding_to_char(dest_encoding));
+		elog(LOG, "cache lookup failed for function %u", proc);
 		return src;
 	}
 
@@ -318,9 +321,15 @@ pg_convert2(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	int			len;
 
 	if (src_encoding < 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "Invalid source encoding name %s", src_encoding_name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("invalid source encoding name \"%s\"",
+						src_encoding_name)));
 	if (dest_encoding < 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "Invalid destination encoding name %s", dest_encoding_name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("invalid destination encoding name \"%s\"",
+						dest_encoding_name)));
 
 	/* make sure that source string is null terminated */
 	len = VARSIZE(string) - VARHDRSZ;
@@ -330,7 +339,7 @@ pg_convert2(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	result = pg_do_encoding_conversion(str, len, src_encoding, dest_encoding);
 	if (result == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Encoding conversion failed");
+		elog(ERROR, "encoding conversion failed");
 
 	/*
 	 * build text data type structure. we cannot use textin() here, since
@@ -551,7 +560,7 @@ void
 SetDatabaseEncoding(int encoding)
 {
 	if (!PG_VALID_BE_ENCODING(encoding))
-		elog(ERROR, "SetDatabaseEncoding(): invalid database encoding");
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid database encoding");
 
 	DatabaseEncoding = &pg_enc2name_tbl[encoding];
 	Assert(DatabaseEncoding->encoding == encoding);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/database.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/database.c
index ce8e6fb5faccecd7eea3147c504ca12527d437ee..abc80d6bed4992a7b6a97273937bb0bf4abe8704 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/database.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/database.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/Attic/database.c,v 1.56 2003/04/04 20:42:12 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/Attic/database.c,v 1.57 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@ GetRawDatabaseInfo(const char *name, Oid *db_id, char *path)
 	dbfname = relpath(rnode);
 
 	if ((dbfd = open(dbfname, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0)) < 0)
-		elog(FATAL, "cannot open %s: %m", dbfname);
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m", dbfname)));
 
 	pfree(dbfname);
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l
index 778f003e4d07b0f94da8a67c794498386383297f..ef40f5f7c7f3665c8377758427f74f6450e276bd 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright 2000 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  *
- * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l,v 1.16 2003/05/29 22:30:02 tgl Exp $
+ * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l,v 1.17 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  */
 
 %{
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
-#include "utils/elog.h"
 #include "utils/guc.h"
 
 /* Avoid exit() on fatal scanner errors (a bit ugly -- see yy_fatal_error) */
@@ -147,7 +146,9 @@ ProcessConfigFile(GucContext context)
 	filename = malloc(strlen(DataDir) + strlen(CONFIG_FILENAME) + 2);
 	if (filename == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(elevel, "out of memory");
+		ereport(elevel,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		return;
 	}
 	sprintf(filename, "%s/" CONFIG_FILENAME, DataDir);
@@ -158,7 +159,9 @@ ProcessConfigFile(GucContext context)
 		free(filename);
         /* File not found is fine */
         if (errno != ENOENT)
-            elog(elevel, "could not read configuration file `" CONFIG_FILENAME "': %s", strerror(errno));
+            ereport(elevel,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not read configuration file \"" CONFIG_FILENAME "\": %m")));
 		return;
     }
 
@@ -259,15 +262,19 @@ ProcessConfigFile(GucContext context)
 	FreeFile(fp);
 	free(filename);
 	free_name_value_list(head);
-	elog(elevel, CONFIG_FILENAME ":%u: syntax error, token=\"%s\"", 
-		ConfigFileLineno,yytext);
+	ereport(elevel,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+			 errmsg("syntax error in \"" CONFIG_FILENAME "\" line %u, near token \"%s\"", 
+					ConfigFileLineno, yytext)));
 	return;
 
  out_of_memory:
 	FreeFile(fp);
 	free(filename);
 	free_name_value_list(head);
-	elog(elevel, "out of memory");
+	ereport(elevel,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+			 errmsg("out of memory")));
 	return;
 }
 
@@ -294,15 +301,17 @@ GUC_scanstr(char *s)
 
 	if (s == NULL || s[0] == '\0')
 	{
-		if (s != NULL) free (s);
+		if (s != NULL)
+			free(s);
 		return strdup("");
-
 	}
 	len = strlen(s);
 
 	newStr = malloc(len + 1);	/* string cannot get longer */
 	if (newStr == NULL)
-		elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 
 	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i++)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 3a3d64b256b919c32534c3a731fbb2240dccbd17..de1fd50d20379a081b01229e5dbbb21571d990c9 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * Written by Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>.
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c,v 1.138 2003/07/22 20:29:13 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c,v 1.139 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  *--------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/datetime.h"
-#include "utils/elog.h"
 #include "utils/pg_locale.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 
@@ -1580,7 +1579,9 @@ build_guc_variables(void)
 	guc_vars = (struct config_generic **)
 		malloc(num_vars * sizeof(struct config_generic *));
 	if (!guc_vars)
-		elog(PANIC, "out of memory");
+		ereport(FATAL,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 
 	num_vars = 0;
 
@@ -1688,10 +1689,6 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 	/*
 	 * Load all variables with their compiled-in defaults, and initialize
 	 * status fields as needed.
-	 *
-	 * Note: any errors here are reported with plain ol' printf, since we
-	 * shouldn't assume that elog will work before we've initialized its
-	 * config variables.  An error here would be unexpected anyway...
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
 	{
@@ -1711,8 +1708,8 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, false))
-							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize %s to %d\n",
-								  conf->gen.name, (int) conf->reset_val);
+							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %d",
+								 conf->gen.name, (int) conf->reset_val);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->session_val = conf->reset_val;
 					break;
@@ -1728,8 +1725,8 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 						   strcmp(conf->gen.name, "log_min_duration_statement") == 0);
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, false))
-							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize %s to %d\n",
-									conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
+							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %d",
+								 conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->session_val = conf->reset_val;
 					break;
@@ -1743,8 +1740,8 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 					Assert(conf->gen.context != PGC_USERLIMIT);
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, false))
-							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize %s to %g\n",
-									conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
+							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %g",
+								 conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->session_val = conf->reset_val;
 					break;
@@ -1772,7 +1769,9 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 
 					str = strdup(conf->boot_val);
 					if (str == NULL)
-						elog(PANIC, "out of memory");
+						ereport(FATAL,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory")));
 					conf->reset_val = str;
 
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
@@ -1782,8 +1781,8 @@ InitializeGUCOptions(void)
 						newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (str, true, false);
 						if (newstr == NULL)
 						{
-							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize %s to '%s'\n",
-									conf->gen.name, str);
+							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to \"%s\"",
+								 conf->gen.name, str);
 						}
 						else if (newstr != str)
 						{
@@ -1874,7 +1873,7 @@ ResetAllOptions(void)
 
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, true))
-							elog(ERROR, "Failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
+							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
@@ -1889,7 +1888,7 @@ ResetAllOptions(void)
 
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, true))
-							elog(ERROR, "Failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
+							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
@@ -1904,7 +1903,7 @@ ResetAllOptions(void)
 
 					if (conf->assign_hook)
 						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true, true))
-							elog(ERROR, "Failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
+							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
 					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
 					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
@@ -1933,7 +1932,7 @@ ResetAllOptions(void)
 
 						newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (str, true, true);
 						if (newstr == NULL)
-							elog(ERROR, "Failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
+							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
 						else if (newstr != str)
 						{
 							/*
@@ -1972,7 +1971,7 @@ AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit)
 	if (!guc_dirty)
 		return;
 
-	/* Prevent memory leak if elog during an assign_hook */
+	/* Prevent memory leak if ereport during an assign_hook */
 	if (guc_string_workspace)
 	{
 		free(guc_string_workspace);
@@ -2007,7 +2006,8 @@ AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit)
 						if (conf->assign_hook)
 							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->session_val,
 													   true, false))
-								elog(LOG, "Failed to commit %s", conf->gen.name);
+								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
+									 conf->gen.name);
 						*conf->variable = conf->session_val;
 						changed = true;
 					}
@@ -2030,7 +2030,8 @@ AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit)
 						if (conf->assign_hook)
 							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->session_val,
 													   true, false))
-								elog(LOG, "Failed to commit %s", conf->gen.name);
+								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
+									 conf->gen.name);
 						*conf->variable = conf->session_val;
 						changed = true;
 					}
@@ -2053,7 +2054,8 @@ AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit)
 						if (conf->assign_hook)
 							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->session_val,
 													   true, false))
-								elog(LOG, "Failed to commit %s", conf->gen.name);
+								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
+									 conf->gen.name);
 						*conf->variable = conf->session_val;
 						changed = true;
 					}
@@ -2084,7 +2086,8 @@ AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit)
 
 							newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (str, true, false);
 							if (newstr == NULL)
-								elog(LOG, "Failed to commit %s", conf->gen.name);
+								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
+									 conf->gen.name);
 							else if (newstr != str)
 							{
 								/*
@@ -2287,10 +2290,10 @@ parse_real(const char *value, double *result)
  * the checks to see if it would work.
  *
  * If there is an error (non-existing option, invalid value) then an
- * elog(ERROR) is thrown *unless* this is called in a context where we
- * don't want to elog (currently, startup or SIGHUP config file reread).
- * In that case we write a suitable error message via elog(DEBUG) and
- * return false. This is working around the deficiencies in the elog
+ * ereport(ERROR) is thrown *unless* this is called in a context where we
+ * don't want to ereport (currently, startup or SIGHUP config file reread).
+ * In that case we write a suitable error message via ereport(DEBUG) and
+ * return false. This is working around the deficiencies in the ereport
  * mechanism, so don't blame me.  In all other cases, the function
  * returns true, including cases where the input is valid but we chose
  * not to apply it because of context or source-priority considerations.
@@ -2318,7 +2321,9 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 	record = find_option(name);
 	if (record == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(elevel, "'%s' is not a valid option name", name);
+		ereport(elevel,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a recognized option", name)));
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -2335,8 +2340,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				return true;
 			if (context != PGC_INTERNAL)
 			{
-				elog(elevel, "'%s' cannot be changed",
-					 name);
+				ereport(elevel,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\" cannot be changed",
+								name)));
 				return false;
 			}
 			break;
@@ -2345,15 +2352,20 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				return true;
 			if (context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
 			{
-				elog(elevel, "'%s' cannot be changed after server start",
-					 name);
+				ereport(elevel,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\" cannot be changed after server start",
+								name)));
 				return false;
 			}
 			break;
 		case PGC_SIGHUP:
 			if (context != PGC_SIGHUP && context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
 			{
-				elog(elevel, "'%s' cannot be changed now", name);
+				ereport(elevel,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\" cannot be changed now",
+								name)));
 				return false;
 			}
 
@@ -2380,19 +2392,26 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 			}
 			else if (context != PGC_BACKEND && context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
 			{
-				elog(elevel, "'%s' cannot be set after connection start",
-					 name);
+				ereport(elevel,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\" cannot be set after connection start",
+								name)));
 				return false;
 			}
 			break;
 		case PGC_SUSET:
 			if (context == PGC_USERSET || context == PGC_BACKEND)
 			{
-				elog(elevel, "'%s': permission denied", name);
+				ereport(elevel,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+						 errmsg("\"%s\": permission denied",
+								name)));
 				return false;
 			}
 			break;
-		case PGC_USERLIMIT:	/* USERLIMIT permissions checked below */
+		case PGC_USERLIMIT:
+			/* USERLIMIT permissions checked below */
+			break;
 		case PGC_USERSET:
 			/* always okay */
 			break;
@@ -2420,7 +2439,7 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 	{
 		if (DoIt && !makeDefault)
 		{
-			elog(DEBUG3, "%s: setting ignored because previous source is higher priority",
+			elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\": setting ignored because previous source is higher priority",
 				 name);
 			return true;
 		}
@@ -2441,8 +2460,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				{
 					if (!parse_bool(value, &newval))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "option '%s' requires a boolean value",
-							 name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\" requires a boolean value",
+										name)));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Limit non-super user changes */
@@ -2451,9 +2472,11 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 						newval < conf->session_val &&
 						!superuser())
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "'%s': permission denied\n"
-								"Only super-users can set this value to false.",
-								name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\": permission denied",
+										name),
+								 errhint("Must be superuser to change this value to false.")));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Allow admin to override non-super user setting */
@@ -2473,8 +2496,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				if (conf->assign_hook)
 					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, DoIt, interactive))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "invalid value for option '%s': %d",
-							 name, (int) newval);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("invalid value for \"%s\": %d",
+										name, (int) newval)));
 						return false;
 					}
 
@@ -2523,28 +2548,32 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				{
 					if (!parse_int(value, &newval))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "option '%s' expects an integer value",
-							 name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\" requires an integer value",
+										name)));
 						return false;
 					}
 					if (newval < conf->min || newval > conf->max)
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "option '%s' value %d is outside"
-							 " of permissible range [%d .. %d]",
-							 name, newval, conf->min, conf->max);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("%d is outside the valid range for \"%s\" (%d .. %d)",
+										newval, name, conf->min, conf->max)));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Limit non-super user changes */
 					if (record->context == PGC_USERLIMIT &&
 						source > PGC_S_USERSTART &&
 						conf->session_val != 0 &&
-						(newval > conf->session_val ||
-						 newval == 0) &&
+						(newval > conf->session_val || newval == 0) &&
 						!superuser())
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "'%s': permission denied\n"
-								"Only super-users can increase this value "
-								"or set it to zero.", name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\": permission denied",
+										name),
+								 errhint("Must be superuser to increase this value or set it to zero.")));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Allow admin to override non-super user setting */
@@ -2564,8 +2593,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				if (conf->assign_hook)
 					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, DoIt, interactive))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "invalid value for option '%s': %d",
-							 name, newval);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("invalid value for \"%s\": %d",
+										name, newval)));
 						return false;
 					}
 
@@ -2614,15 +2645,18 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				{
 					if (!parse_real(value, &newval))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "option '%s' expects a real number",
-							 name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\" requires a numeric value",
+										name)));
 						return false;
 					}
 					if (newval < conf->min || newval > conf->max)
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "option '%s' value %g is outside"
-							 " of permissible range [%g .. %g]",
-							 name, newval, conf->min, conf->max);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("%g is outside the valid range for \"%s\" (%g .. %g)",
+										newval, name, conf->min, conf->max)));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Limit non-super user changes */
@@ -2631,9 +2665,11 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 						newval > conf->session_val &&
 						!superuser())
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "'%s': permission denied\n"
-								"Only super-users can increase this value.",
-								name);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+								 errmsg("\"%s\": permission denied",
+										name),
+								 errhint("Must be superuser to increase this value.")));
 						return false;
 					}
 					/* Allow admin to override non-super user setting */
@@ -2653,8 +2689,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				if (conf->assign_hook)
 					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, DoIt, interactive))
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "invalid value for option '%s': %g",
-							 name, newval);
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("invalid value for \"%s\": %g",
+										name, newval)));
 						return false;
 					}
 
@@ -2704,7 +2742,9 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 					newval = strdup(value);
 					if (newval == NULL)
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "out of memory");
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory")));
 						return false;
 					}
 
@@ -2720,9 +2760,11 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 							new_int_value > old_int_value &&
 							!superuser())
 						{
-							elog(elevel, "'%s': permission denied\n"
-										"Only super-users can increase this value.",
-										name);
+							ereport(elevel,
+									(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+									 errmsg("\"%s\": permission denied",
+											name),
+									 errhint("Must be superuser to increase this value.")));
 							return false;
 						}
 						/* Allow admin to override non-super user setting */
@@ -2744,7 +2786,9 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 					newval = strdup(conf->reset_val);
 					if (newval == NULL)
 					{
-						elog(elevel, "out of memory");
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+								 errmsg("out of memory")));
 						return false;
 					}
 					source = conf->gen.reset_source;
@@ -2757,7 +2801,7 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 
 				/*
 				 * Remember string in workspace, so that we can free it
-				 * and avoid a permanent memory leak if hook elogs.
+				 * and avoid a permanent memory leak if hook ereports.
 				 */
 				if (guc_string_workspace)
 					free(guc_string_workspace);
@@ -2773,8 +2817,10 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 					if (hookresult == NULL)
 					{
 						free(newval);
-						elog(elevel, "invalid value for option '%s': '%s'",
-							 name, value ? value : "");
+						ereport(elevel,
+								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+								 errmsg("invalid value for \"%s\": \"%s\"",
+										name, value ? value : "")));
 						return false;
 					}
 					else if (hookresult != newval)
@@ -2864,7 +2910,7 @@ SetConfigOption(const char *name, const char *value,
 
 /*
  * Fetch the current value of the option `name'. If the option doesn't exist,
- * throw an elog and don't return.
+ * throw an ereport and don't return.
  *
  * The string is *not* allocated for modification and is really only
  * valid until the next call to configuration related functions.
@@ -2877,7 +2923,9 @@ GetConfigOption(const char *name)
 
 	record = find_option(name);
 	if (record == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Option '%s' is not recognized", name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a recognized option", name)));
 
 	switch (record->vartype)
 	{
@@ -2911,7 +2959,9 @@ GetConfigOptionResetString(const char *name)
 
 	record = find_option(name);
 	if (record == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Option '%s' is not recognized", name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a recognized option", name)));
 
 	switch (record->vartype)
 	{
@@ -2965,14 +3015,18 @@ flatten_set_variable_args(const char *name, List *args)
 	/* Else get flags for the variable */
 	record = find_option(name);
 	if (record == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "'%s' is not a valid option name", name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a recognized option", name)));
 
 	flags = record->flags;
 
 	/* Complain if list input and non-list variable */
 	if ((flags & GUC_LIST_INPUT) == 0 &&
 		lnext(args) != NIL)
-		elog(ERROR, "SET %s takes only one argument", name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+				 errmsg("SET %s takes only one argument", name)));
 
 	initStringInfo(&buf);
 
@@ -2985,7 +3039,7 @@ flatten_set_variable_args(const char *name, List *args)
 			appendStringInfo(&buf, ", ");
 
 		if (!IsA(arg, A_Const))
-			elog(ERROR, "flatten_set_variable_args: unexpected input");
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d", (int) nodeTag(arg));
 
 		switch (nodeTag(&arg->val))
 		{
@@ -3034,7 +3088,8 @@ flatten_set_variable_args(const char *name, List *args)
 				}
 				break;
 			default:
-				elog(ERROR, "flatten_set_variable_args: unexpected input");
+				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
+					 (int) nodeTag(&arg->val));
 				break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -3073,7 +3128,9 @@ set_config_by_name(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	text	   *result_text;
 
 	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
-		elog(ERROR, "SET variable name is required");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED),
+				 errmsg("SET variable name is required")));
 
 	/* Get the GUC variable name */
 	name = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)));
@@ -3252,7 +3309,9 @@ GetConfigOptionByName(const char *name, const char **varname)
 
 	record = find_option(name);
 	if (record == NULL)
-		elog(ERROR, "Option '%s' is not recognized", name);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a recognized option", name)));
 
 	if (varname)
 		*varname = record->name;
@@ -3538,7 +3597,9 @@ write_nondefault_variables(GucContext context)
 	filename = malloc(strlen(DataDir) + strlen(CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS) + 2);
 	if (new_filename == NULL || filename == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(elevel, "out of memory");
+		ereport(elevel,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		return;
 	}
 	sprintf(new_filename, "%s/" CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS ".new", DataDir);
@@ -3549,8 +3610,10 @@ write_nondefault_variables(GucContext context)
 	{
 		free(new_filename);
 		free(filename);
-		elog(elevel, "could not write exec config params file `"
-			 CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS "': %s", strerror(errno));
+		ereport(elevel,
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not write exec config params file \""
+						CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS "\": %m")));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -3613,7 +3676,6 @@ write_nondefault_variables(GucContext context)
 	rename(new_filename, filename);
 	free(new_filename);
 	free(filename);
-	return;
 }
 
 
@@ -3637,7 +3699,7 @@ read_string_with_null(FILE *fp)
 			if (i == 0)
 				return NULL;
 			else
-				elog(FATAL, "Invalid format of exec config params file");
+				elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");
 		}
 		if (i == 0)
 			str = malloc(maxlen);
@@ -3671,7 +3733,9 @@ read_nondefault_variables(void)
 	filename = malloc(strlen(DataDir) + strlen(CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS) + 2);
 	if (filename == NULL)
 	{
-		elog(ERROR, "out of memory");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+				 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		return;
 	}
 	sprintf(filename, "%s/" CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS, DataDir);
@@ -3682,20 +3746,22 @@ read_nondefault_variables(void)
 		free(filename);
 		/* File not found is fine */
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
-			elog(FATAL, "could not read exec config params file `"
-				 CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS "': %s", strerror(errno));
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode_for_file_access(),
+					 errmsg("could not read exec config params file \""
+							CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS "\": %m")));
 		return;
 	}
 
-	while (1)
+	for (;;)
 	{
 		if ((varname = read_string_with_null(fp)) == NULL)
 			break;
 
 		if ((varvalue = read_string_with_null(fp)) == NULL)
-			elog(FATAL, "Invalid format of exec config params file");
+			elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");
 		if (fread(&varsource, sizeof(varsource), 1, fp) == 0)
-			elog(FATAL, "Invalid format of exec config params file");
+			elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");
 
 		(void) set_config_option(varname, varvalue, PGC_POSTMASTER,
 								 varsource, false, true);
@@ -3733,20 +3799,26 @@ ParseLongOption(const char *string, char **name, char **value)
 	{
 		*name = malloc(equal_pos + 1);
 		if (!*name)
-			elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		strncpy(*name, string, equal_pos);
 		(*name)[equal_pos] = '\0';
 
 		*value = strdup(&string[equal_pos + 1]);
 		if (!*value)
-			elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		/* no equal sign in string */
 		*name = strdup(string);
 		if (!*name)
-			elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
+			ereport(FATAL,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory")));
 		*value = NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -3794,7 +3866,9 @@ ProcessGUCArray(ArrayType *array, GucSource source)
 		ParseLongOption(s, &name, &value);
 		if (!value)
 		{
-			elog(WARNING, "cannot parse setting \"%s\"", name);
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("cannot parse setting for \"%s\"", name)));
 			free(name);
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -4139,7 +4213,9 @@ assign_phony_autocommit(bool newval, bool doit, bool interactive)
 	if (!newval)
 	{
 		if (doit && interactive)
-			elog(ERROR, "SET AUTOCOMMIT TO OFF is no longer supported");
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+					 errmsg("SET AUTOCOMMIT TO OFF is no longer supported")));
 		return false;
 	}
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c
index e210e42049a4dc2a1cc421ee373240d8eeacb219..aea4ee09a7e069f3b42f5d13dce014e75738ff7f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c,v 1.49 2002/12/15 21:01:34 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c,v 1.50 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTE:
  *	This is a new (Feb. 05, 1999) implementation of the allocation set
@@ -330,8 +330,11 @@ AllocSetContextCreate(MemoryContext parent,
 		if (block == NULL)
 		{
 			MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext);
-			elog(ERROR, "Memory exhausted in AllocSetContextCreate(%lu)",
-				 (unsigned long) minContextSize);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory"),
+					 errdetail("Failed while creating memory context \"%s\".",
+							   name)));
 		}
 		block->aset = context;
 		block->freeptr = ((char *) block) + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ;
@@ -493,8 +496,11 @@ AllocSetAlloc(MemoryContext context, Size size)
 		if (block == NULL)
 		{
 			MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext);
-			elog(ERROR, "Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc(%lu)",
-				 (unsigned long) size);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory"),
+					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %lu.",
+							   (unsigned long) size)));
 		}
 		block->aset = set;
 		block->freeptr = block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
@@ -690,8 +696,11 @@ AllocSetAlloc(MemoryContext context, Size size)
 		if (block == NULL)
 		{
 			MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext);
-			elog(ERROR, "Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc(%lu)",
-				 (unsigned long) size);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory"),
+					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %lu.",
+							   (unsigned long) size)));
 		}
 
 		block->aset = set;
@@ -754,7 +763,7 @@ AllocSetFree(MemoryContext context, void *pointer)
 	/* Test for someone scribbling on unused space in chunk */
 	if (chunk->requested_size < chunk->size)
 		if (((char *) pointer)[chunk->requested_size] != 0x7E)
-			elog(WARNING, "AllocSetFree: detected write past chunk end in %s %p",
+			elog(WARNING, "detected write past chunk end in %s %p",
 				 set->header.name, chunk);
 #endif
 
@@ -775,8 +784,7 @@ AllocSetFree(MemoryContext context, void *pointer)
 			block = block->next;
 		}
 		if (block == NULL)
-			elog(ERROR, "AllocSetFree: cannot find block containing chunk %p",
-				 chunk);
+			elog(ERROR, "could not find block containing chunk %p", chunk);
 		/* let's just make sure chunk is the only one in the block */
 		Assert(block->freeptr == ((char *) block) +
 			   (chunk->size + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ + ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ));
@@ -829,7 +837,7 @@ AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
 	/* Test for someone scribbling on unused space in chunk */
 	if (chunk->requested_size < oldsize)
 		if (((char *) pointer)[chunk->requested_size] != 0x7E)
-			elog(WARNING, "AllocSetRealloc: detected write past chunk end in %s %p",
+			elog(WARNING, "detected write past chunk end in %s %p",
 				 set->header.name, chunk);
 #endif
 
@@ -869,8 +877,7 @@ AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
 			block = block->next;
 		}
 		if (block == NULL)
-			elog(ERROR, "AllocSetRealloc: cannot find block containing chunk %p",
-				 chunk);
+			elog(ERROR, "could not find block containing chunk %p", chunk);
 		/* let's just make sure chunk is the only one in the block */
 		Assert(block->freeptr == ((char *) block) +
 			   (chunk->size + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ + ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ));
@@ -882,8 +889,11 @@ AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
 		if (block == NULL)
 		{
 			MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext);
-			elog(ERROR, "Memory exhausted in AllocSetReAlloc(%lu)",
-				 (unsigned long) size);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
+					 errmsg("out of memory"),
+					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %lu.",
+							   (unsigned long) size)));
 		}
 		block->freeptr = block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
 
@@ -1052,7 +1062,7 @@ AllocSetCheck(MemoryContext context)
 		if (!blk_used)
 		{
 			if (set->keeper != block)
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: empty block %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: empty block %p",
 					 name, block);
 		}
 
@@ -1074,16 +1084,16 @@ AllocSetCheck(MemoryContext context)
 			 * Check chunk size
 			 */
 			if (dsize > chsize)
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: req size > alloc size for chunk %p in block %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: req size > alloc size for chunk %p in block %p",
 					 name, chunk, block);
 			if (chsize < (1 << ALLOC_MINBITS))
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: bad size %lu for chunk %p in block %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: bad size %lu for chunk %p in block %p",
 					 name, (unsigned long) chsize, chunk, block);
 
 			/* single-chunk block? */
 			if (chsize > ALLOC_CHUNK_LIMIT &&
 				chsize + ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ != blk_used)
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: bad single-chunk %p in block %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: bad single-chunk %p in block %p",
 					 name, chunk, block);
 
 			/*
@@ -1092,14 +1102,14 @@ AllocSetCheck(MemoryContext context)
 			 * check as easily...)
 			 */
 			if (dsize > 0 && chunk->aset != (void *) set)
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: bogus aset link in block %p, chunk %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: bogus aset link in block %p, chunk %p",
 					 name, block, chunk);
 
 			/*
 			 * Check for overwrite of "unallocated" space in chunk
 			 */
 			if (dsize > 0 && dsize < chsize && *chdata_end != 0x7E)
-				elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: detected write past chunk end in block %p, chunk %p",
+				elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: detected write past chunk end in block %p, chunk %p",
 					 name, block, chunk);
 
 			blk_data += chsize;
@@ -1109,7 +1119,7 @@ AllocSetCheck(MemoryContext context)
 		}
 
 		if ((blk_data + (nchunks * ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ)) != blk_used)
-			elog(WARNING, "AllocSetCheck: %s: found inconsistent memory block %p",
+			elog(WARNING, "problem in alloc set %s: found inconsistent memory block %p",
 				 name, block);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c
index ba4c48f71ba019b5e3b986c5e30fb352a0e77e7b..6055fe5278e3440cfa3d4127d95153b6910109cc 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c,v 1.40 2003/05/02 20:54:35 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c,v 1.41 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ MemoryContextContains(MemoryContext context, void *pointer)
  *		pointer will ordinarily point to statically allocated data).
  *		The parent and name parameters usually come from the caller.
  *	2.	MemoryContextCreate() attempts to allocate the context node,
- *		plus space for the name.  If this fails we can elog() with no
+ *		plus space for the name.  If this fails we can ereport() with no
  *		damage done.
  *	3.	We fill in all of the type-independent MemoryContext fields.
  *	4.	We call the type-specific init routine (using the methods pointer).
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ MemoryContextAlloc(MemoryContext context, Size size)
 	AssertArg(MemoryContextIsValid(context));
 
 	if (!AllocSizeIsValid(size))
-		elog(ERROR, "MemoryContextAlloc: invalid request size %lu",
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid memory alloc request size %lu",
 			 (unsigned long) size);
 
 	return (*context->methods->alloc) (context, size);
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ MemoryContextAllocZero(MemoryContext context, Size size)
 	AssertArg(MemoryContextIsValid(context));
 
 	if (!AllocSizeIsValid(size))
-		elog(ERROR, "MemoryContextAlloc: invalid request size %lu",
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid memory alloc request size %lu",
 			 (unsigned long) size);
 
 	ret = (*context->methods->alloc) (context, size);
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ MemoryContextAllocZeroAligned(MemoryContext context, Size size)
 	AssertArg(MemoryContextIsValid(context));
 
 	if (!AllocSizeIsValid(size))
-		elog(ERROR, "MemoryContextAlloc: invalid request size %lu",
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid memory alloc request size %lu",
 			 (unsigned long) size);
 
 	ret = (*context->methods->alloc) (context, size);
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ repalloc(void *pointer, Size size)
 	AssertArg(MemoryContextIsValid(header->context));
 
 	if (!AllocSizeIsValid(size))
-		elog(ERROR, "repalloc: invalid request size %lu",
+		elog(ERROR, "invalid memory alloc request size %lu",
 			 (unsigned long) size);
 
 	return (*header->context->methods->realloc) (header->context,
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c
index fc42c0b52c8802c59ab4cd3a450c4b677e964f86..918d03fb908e3396fd81eeceb0c44c873309d350 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c,v 1.58 2003/05/06 20:26:27 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/mmgr/portalmem.c,v 1.59 2003/07/25 20:17:56 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -70,9 +70,11 @@ do { \
 	hentry = (PortalHashEnt*)hash_search(PortalHashTable, \
 										 key, HASH_ENTER, &found); \
 	if (hentry == NULL) \
-		elog(ERROR, "out of memory in PortalHashTable"); \
+		ereport(ERROR, \
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY), \
+				 errmsg("out of memory"))); \
 	if (found) \
-		elog(WARNING, "trying to insert a portal name that exists."); \
+		elog(ERROR, "duplicate portal name"); \
 	hentry->portal = PORTAL; \
 	/* To avoid duplicate storage, make PORTAL->name point to htab entry */ \
 	PORTAL->name = hentry->portalname; \
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ do { \
 	hentry = (PortalHashEnt*)hash_search(PortalHashTable, \
 										 key, HASH_REMOVE, NULL); \
 	if (hentry == NULL) \
-		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete portal name that does not exist."); \
+		elog(WARNING, "trying to delete portal name that does not exist"); \
 } while(0)
 
 static MemoryContext PortalMemory = NULL;
@@ -163,9 +165,14 @@ CreatePortal(const char *name, bool allowDup, bool dupSilent)
 	if (PortalIsValid(portal))
 	{
 		if (!allowDup)
-			elog(ERROR, "Portal \"%s\" already exists", name);
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_CURSOR),
+					 errmsg("portal \"%s\" already exists", name)));
 		if (!dupSilent)
-			elog(WARNING, "Closing pre-existing portal \"%s\"", name);
+			ereport(WARNING,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_CURSOR),
+					 errmsg("closing pre-existing portal \"%s\"",
+							name)));
 		PortalDrop(portal, false);
 	}
 
@@ -295,7 +302,7 @@ PortalDrop(Portal portal, bool isError)
 
 	/* Not sure if this case can validly happen or not... */
 	if (portal->portalActive)
-		elog(ERROR, "PortalDrop: can't drop active portal");
+		elog(ERROR, "cannot drop active portal");
 
 	/*
 	 * Remove portal from hash table.  Because we do this first, we will
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c b/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c
index 643b7a760181fff3442f8a351503fd3a58ff124f..185c78d2e2a01160dcfd131bd1d2873bdb1966fa 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
  * Since all the bookkeeping and buffer memory is allocated with palloc(),
  * and the underlying file(s) are made with OpenTemporaryFile, all resources
  * for a logical tape set are certain to be cleaned up even if processing
- * is aborted by elog(ERROR).  To avoid confusion, the caller should take
+ * is aborted by ereport(ERROR).  To avoid confusion, the caller should take
  * care that all calls for a single LogicalTapeSet are made in the same
  * palloc context.
  *
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c,v 1.9 2003/03/27 16:51:29 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/logtape.c,v 1.10 2003/07/25 20:17:58 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -189,21 +189,25 @@ static void ltsDumpBuffer(LogicalTapeSet *lts, LogicalTape *lt);
  * "holes" in file), since BufFile doesn't allow that.  The first write pass
  * must write blocks sequentially.
  *
- * No need for an error return convention; we elog() on any error.
+ * No need for an error return convention; we ereport() on any error.
  */
 static void
 ltsWriteBlock(LogicalTapeSet *lts, long blocknum, void *buffer)
 {
 	if (BufFileSeekBlock(lts->pfile, blocknum) != 0 ||
 		BufFileWrite(lts->pfile, buffer, BLCKSZ) != BLCKSZ)
-		elog(ERROR, "ltsWriteBlock: failed to write block %ld of temporary file\n\t\tPerhaps out of disk space?",
-			 blocknum);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				/* XXX is it okay to assume errno is correct? */
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not write block %ld of temporary file: %m",
+						blocknum),
+				 errhint("Perhaps out of disk space?")));
 }
 
 /*
  * Read a block-sized buffer from the specified block of the underlying file.
  *
- * No need for an error return convention; we elog() on any error.	This
+ * No need for an error return convention; we ereport() on any error.	This
  * module should never attempt to read a block it doesn't know is there.
  */
 static void
@@ -211,8 +215,11 @@ ltsReadBlock(LogicalTapeSet *lts, long blocknum, void *buffer)
 {
 	if (BufFileSeekBlock(lts->pfile, blocknum) != 0 ||
 		BufFileRead(lts->pfile, buffer, BLCKSZ) != BLCKSZ)
-		elog(ERROR, "ltsReadBlock: failed to read block %ld of temporary file",
-			 blocknum);
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				/* XXX is it okay to assume errno is correct? */
+				(errcode_for_file_access(),
+				 errmsg("could not read block %ld of temporary file: %m",
+						blocknum)));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -543,7 +550,7 @@ ltsDumpBuffer(LogicalTapeSet *lts, LogicalTape *lt)
 /*
  * Write to a logical tape.
  *
- * There are no error returns; we elog() on failure.
+ * There are no error returns; we ereport() on failure.
  */
 void
 LogicalTapeWrite(LogicalTapeSet *lts, int tapenum,
@@ -566,7 +573,7 @@ LogicalTapeWrite(LogicalTapeSet *lts, int tapenum,
 			else
 			{
 				/* Hmm, went directly from reading to writing? */
-				elog(ERROR, "LogicalTapeWrite: impossible state");
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid logtape state: should be dirty");
 			}
 			lt->numFullBlocks++;
 			lt->curBlockNumber++;
@@ -828,7 +835,7 @@ LogicalTapeBackspace(LogicalTapeSet *lts, int tapenum, size_t size)
 		long		datablocknum = ltsRecallPrevBlockNum(lts, lt->indirect);
 
 		if (datablocknum == -1L)
-			elog(ERROR, "LogicalTapeBackspace: unexpected end of tape");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of tape");
 		lt->curBlockNumber--;
 		if (nblocks == 0)
 		{
@@ -885,7 +892,7 @@ LogicalTapeSeek(LogicalTapeSet *lts, int tapenum,
 		long		datablocknum = ltsRecallPrevBlockNum(lts, lt->indirect);
 
 		if (datablocknum == -1L)
-			elog(ERROR, "LogicalTapeSeek: unexpected end of tape");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of tape");
 		if (--lt->curBlockNumber == blocknum)
 			ltsReadBlock(lts, datablocknum, (void *) lt->buffer);
 	}
@@ -895,7 +902,7 @@ LogicalTapeSeek(LogicalTapeSet *lts, int tapenum,
 														 lt->frozen);
 
 		if (datablocknum == -1L)
-			elog(ERROR, "LogicalTapeSeek: unexpected end of tape");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of tape");
 		if (++lt->curBlockNumber == blocknum)
 			ltsReadBlock(lts, datablocknum, (void *) lt->buffer);
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c b/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c
index 5ffc9d810e14e3c74e6383cc50e22c463aae6f6c..eb91a8e71b87324c65b03c4db499ad2d00e377bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c,v 1.33 2003/05/13 04:38:58 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c,v 1.34 2003/07/25 20:17:59 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ struct Tuplesortstate
  * stored in the Tuplesortstate record, if needed.	They are also expected
  * to adjust state->availMem by the amount of memory space (not tape space!)
  * released or consumed.  There is no error return from either writetup
- * or readtup; they should elog() on failure.
+ * or readtup; they should ereport() on failure.
  *
  *
  * NOTES about memory consumption calculations:
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ puttuple_common(Tuplesortstate *state, void *tuple)
 			dumptuples(state, false);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_puttuple: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ tuplesort_performsort(Tuplesortstate *state)
 			state->markpos_eof = false;
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_performsort: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ tuplesort_gettuple(Tuplesortstate *state, bool forward,
 					if (!LogicalTapeBackspace(state->tapeset,
 											  state->result_tape,
 										  tuplen + sizeof(unsigned int)))
-						elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_gettuple: bogus tuple len in backward scan");
+						elog(ERROR, "bogus tuple length in backward scan");
 					return NULL;
 				}
 			}
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ tuplesort_gettuple(Tuplesortstate *state, bool forward,
 			if (!LogicalTapeBackspace(state->tapeset,
 									  state->result_tape,
 									  tuplen))
-				elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_gettuple: bogus tuple len in backward scan");
+				elog(ERROR, "bogus tuple length in backward scan");
 			tup = READTUP(state, state->result_tape, tuplen);
 			return tup;
 
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ tuplesort_gettuple(Tuplesortstate *state, bool forward,
 			return NULL;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_gettuple: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			return NULL;		/* keep compiler quiet */
 	}
 }
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ tuplesort_rescan(Tuplesortstate *state)
 			state->markpos_eof = false;
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_rescan: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ tuplesort_markpos(Tuplesortstate *state)
 			state->markpos_eof = state->eof_reached;
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_markpos: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ tuplesort_restorepos(Tuplesortstate *state)
 			state->eof_reached = state->markpos_eof;
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort_restorepos: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplesort state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -1662,9 +1662,9 @@ getlen(Tuplesortstate *state, int tapenum, bool eofOK)
 
 	if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) &len,
 						sizeof(len)) != sizeof(len))
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of tape");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of tape");
 	if (len == 0 && !eofOK)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -1779,8 +1779,7 @@ SelectSortFunction(Oid sortOperator,
 						   ObjectIdGetDatum(sortOperator),
 						   0, 0, 0);
 	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
-		elog(ERROR, "SelectSortFunction: cache lookup failed for operator %u",
-			 sortOperator);
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", sortOperator);
 	optup = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
 	if (strcmp(NameStr(optup->oprname), ">") == 0)
 		*kind = SORTFUNC_REVLT;
@@ -1817,8 +1816,7 @@ myFunctionCall2(FmgrInfo *flinfo, Datum arg1, Datum arg2)
 
 	/* Check for null result, since caller is clearly not expecting one */
 	if (fcinfo.isnull)
-		elog(ERROR, "FunctionCall2: function %u returned NULL",
-			 fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
+		elog(ERROR, "function %u returned NULL", fcinfo.flinfo->fn_oid);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1891,7 +1889,7 @@ inlineApplySortFunction(FmgrInfo *sortFunction, SortFunctionKind kind,
 												  datum1, datum2));
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "Invalid SortFunctionKind %d", (int) kind);
+			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized SortFunctionKind: %d", (int) kind);
 			return 0;			/* can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
 	}
 }
@@ -2000,11 +1998,11 @@ readtup_heap(Tuplesortstate *state, int tapenum, unsigned int len)
 	/* read in the tuple proper */
 	if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) tuple->t_data,
 						tuple->t_len) != tuple->t_len)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	if (state->randomAccess)	/* need trailing length word? */
 		if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) &tuplen,
 							sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	return (void *) tuple;
 }
 
@@ -2079,7 +2077,10 @@ comparetup_index(Tuplesortstate *state, const void *a, const void *b)
 	 * a bogus error in that case.
 	 */
 	if (state->enforceUnique && !equal_hasnull && tuple1 != tuple2)
-		elog(ERROR, "Cannot create unique index. Table contains non-unique values");
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNIQUE_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg("could not create unique index"),
+				 errdetail("Table contains duplicated values.")));
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2127,11 +2128,11 @@ readtup_index(Tuplesortstate *state, int tapenum, unsigned int len)
 	USEMEM(state, GetMemoryChunkSpace(tuple));
 	if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) tuple,
 						tuplen) != tuplen)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	if (state->randomAccess)	/* need trailing length word? */
 		if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) &tuplen,
 							sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	return (void *) tuple;
 }
 
@@ -2199,11 +2200,11 @@ readtup_datum(Tuplesortstate *state, int tapenum, unsigned int len)
 	USEMEM(state, GetMemoryChunkSpace(tuple));
 	if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) tuple,
 						tuplen) != tuplen)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	if (state->randomAccess)	/* need trailing length word? */
 		if (LogicalTapeRead(state->tapeset, tapenum, (void *) &tuplen,
 							sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplesort: unexpected end of data");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 
 	if (!tuple->isNull && !state->datumTypeByVal)
 		tuple->val = PointerGetDatum(((char *) tuple) +
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c b/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c
index b67090abad78fe39e8c3b29eef2a6518627e863e..8818c2203fbb98b860c1074c1d7f27b9d0dc5a98 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c,v 1.13 2003/04/29 03:21:29 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/sort/tuplestore.c,v 1.14 2003/07/25 20:18:00 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ struct Tuplestorestate
  * stored in the Tuplestorestate record, if needed. They are also expected
  * to adjust state->availMem by the amount of memory space (not tape space!)
  * released or consumed.  There is no error return from either writetup
- * or readtup; they should elog() on failure.
+ * or readtup; they should ereport() on failure.
  *
  *
  * NOTES about memory consumption calculations:
@@ -361,12 +361,12 @@ tuplestore_puttuple(Tuplestorestate *state, void *tuple)
 			if (BufFileSeek(state->myfile,
 							state->writepos_file, state->writepos_offset,
 							SEEK_SET) != 0)
-				elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_puttuple: seek(EOF) failed");
+				elog(ERROR, "seek to EOF failed");
 			state->status = TSS_WRITEFILE;
 			WRITETUP(state, tuple);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_puttuple: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplestore state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ tuplestore_gettuple(Tuplestorestate *state, bool forward,
 				if (BufFileSeek(state->myfile,
 								state->readpos_file, state->readpos_offset,
 								SEEK_SET) != 0)
-					elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_gettuple: seek() failed");
+					elog(ERROR, "seek failed");
 			state->status = TSS_READFILE;
 			/* FALL THRU into READFILE case */
 
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ tuplestore_gettuple(Tuplestorestate *state, bool forward,
 					if (BufFileSeek(state->myfile, 0,
 								 -(long) (tuplen + sizeof(unsigned int)),
 									SEEK_CUR) != 0)
-						elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_gettuple: bogus tuple len in backward scan");
+						elog(ERROR, "bogus tuple length in backward scan");
 					return NULL;
 				}
 				tuplen = getlen(state, false);
@@ -502,12 +502,12 @@ tuplestore_gettuple(Tuplestorestate *state, bool forward,
 			if (BufFileSeek(state->myfile, 0,
 							-(long) tuplen,
 							SEEK_CUR) != 0)
-				elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_gettuple: bogus tuple len in backward scan");
+				elog(ERROR, "bogus tuple length in backward scan");
 			tup = READTUP(state, tuplen);
 			return tup;
 
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_gettuple: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplestore state");
 			return NULL;		/* keep compiler quiet */
 	}
 }
@@ -559,10 +559,10 @@ tuplestore_rescan(Tuplestorestate *state)
 		case TSS_READFILE:
 			state->eof_reached = false;
 			if (BufFileSeek(state->myfile, 0, 0L, SEEK_SET) != 0)
-				elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_rescan: seek(0) failed");
+				elog(ERROR, "seek to start failed");
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_rescan: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplestore state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ tuplestore_markpos(Tuplestorestate *state)
 						&state->markpos_offset);
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_markpos: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplestore state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ tuplestore_restorepos(Tuplestorestate *state)
 				elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_restorepos failed");
 			break;
 		default:
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore_restorepos: invalid state");
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid tuplestore state");
 			break;
 	}
 }
@@ -650,9 +650,9 @@ getlen(Tuplestorestate *state, bool eofOK)
 	if (nbytes == sizeof(len))
 		return len;
 	if (nbytes != 0)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: unexpected end of tape");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of tape");
 	if (!eofOK)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -684,14 +684,14 @@ writetup_heap(Tuplestorestate *state, void *tup)
 	tuplen = tuple->t_len + sizeof(tuplen);
 	if (BufFileWrite(state->myfile, (void *) &tuplen,
 					 sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: write failed");
+		elog(ERROR, "write failed");
 	if (BufFileWrite(state->myfile, (void *) tuple->t_data,
 					 tuple->t_len) != (size_t) tuple->t_len)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: write failed");
+		elog(ERROR, "write failed");
 	if (state->randomAccess)	/* need trailing length word? */
 		if (BufFileWrite(state->myfile, (void *) &tuplen,
 						 sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: write failed");
+			elog(ERROR, "write failed");
 
 	FREEMEM(state, GetMemoryChunkSpace(tuple));
 	heap_freetuple(tuple);
@@ -712,10 +712,10 @@ readtup_heap(Tuplestorestate *state, unsigned int len)
 	/* read in the tuple proper */
 	if (BufFileRead(state->myfile, (void *) tuple->t_data,
 					tuple->t_len) != (size_t) tuple->t_len)
-		elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: unexpected end of data");
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	if (state->randomAccess)	/* need trailing length word? */
 		if (BufFileRead(state->myfile, (void *) &tuplen,
 						sizeof(tuplen)) != sizeof(tuplen))
-			elog(ERROR, "tuplestore: unexpected end of data");
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected end of data");
 	return (void *) tuple;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c b/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c
index 32945498d05e4c178be2260a22bbbaee3c414f5f..aec543d0ac647172506aeb4d8db1e3cea9b55a96 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c,v 1.64 2003/06/25 01:08:13 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c,v 1.65 2003/07/25 20:18:00 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ CopyQuerySnapshot(void)
 	Snapshot	snapshot;
 
 	if (QuerySnapshot == NULL)	/* should be set beforehand */
-		elog(ERROR, "CopyQuerySnapshot: no snapshot has been set");
+		elog(ERROR, "no snapshot has been set");
 
 	snapshot = (Snapshot) palloc(sizeof(SnapshotData));
 	memcpy(snapshot, QuerySnapshot, sizeof(SnapshotData));
diff --git a/src/include/utils/elog.h b/src/include/utils/elog.h
index 9b3f13279984ebe612ec22d502834a43063ee644..d4906e92fbd677ad6a571898af6fb108859f67be 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/elog.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/elog.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
- * $Id: elog.h,v 1.57 2003/07/24 22:04:15 tgl Exp $
+ * $Id: elog.h,v 1.58 2003/07/25 20:18:00 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
 #define ERRCODE_BAD_COPY_FILE_FORMAT		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','1')
 #define ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','2')
 #define ERRCODE_FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','3')
+#define ERRCODE_UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER	MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','2', 'P','0','4')
 
 /* Class 23 - Integrity Constraint Violation */
 #define ERRCODE_INTEGRITY_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION		MAKE_SQLSTATE('2','3', '0','0','0')
@@ -317,6 +318,7 @@
 #define ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE	MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','5', '0','0','0')
 #define ERRCODE_OBJECT_IN_USE				MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','5', '0','0','6')
 #define ERRCODE_INDEXES_DEACTIVATED			MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','5', 'P','0','1')
+#define ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM	MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','5', 'P','0','2')
 
 /* Class 57 - Operator Intervention (class borrowed from DB2) */
 #define ERRCODE_OPERATOR_INTERVENTION		MAKE_SQLSTATE('5','7', '0','0','0')
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out
index 19e60662c7f1c7446f9d0435c4401f84d84cb4ad..8a8cfeef5b82106a6c7dce882ef173cca943e522 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out
@@ -491,7 +491,8 @@ insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
 -- add a unique constraint (fails)
 alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 unique (test);
 NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD UNIQUE will create implicit index "atacc_test1" for table "atacc1"
-ERROR:  Cannot create unique index. Table contains non-unique values
+ERROR:  could not create unique index
+DETAIL:  Table contains duplicated values.
 insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
 drop table atacc1;
 -- let's do one where the unique constraint fails
@@ -558,7 +559,8 @@ insert into atacc1 (test) values (2);
 -- add a primary key (fails)
 alter table atacc1 add constraint atacc_test1 primary key (test);
 NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "atacc_test1" for table "atacc1"
-ERROR:  Cannot create unique index. Table contains non-unique values
+ERROR:  could not create unique index
+DETAIL:  Table contains duplicated values.
 insert into atacc1 (test) values (3);
 drop table atacc1;
 -- let's do another one where the primary key constraint fails when added