diff --git a/doc/FAQ b/doc/FAQ index a7c9e45a72aeae6f1ffcaa6d2baee3fec7409fe2..7417aa1445ee076e15cef3a0d2ffc783c193a52a 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ +++ b/doc/FAQ @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL - Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:04:06 EST 2005 + Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:12:24 EST 2005 Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us) diff --git a/doc/FAQ_DEV b/doc/FAQ_DEV index ac8b8ff0aeba4ce0d94cd9e597f743d45ddc40ad..c0a3f1b62d75bc5bb926fb1c6562667cbfc45b62 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ_DEV +++ b/doc/FAQ_DEV @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Developer's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL - Last updated: Thu Oct 27 09:48:14 EDT 2005 + Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:13:04 EST 2005 Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us) diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html index 6f3fd77d5cbfc57895a5284d1f7fda7d36a66037..18cde4782febd1c6a8b48589dac4207d27ade8d6 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ alink="#0000ff"> <H1>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL</H1> - <P>Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:04:06 EST 2005</P> + <P>Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:12:24 EST 2005</P> <P>Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (<A href= "mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>) @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ <H2 align="center">General Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="1.1">1.1</A>) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.1">1.1) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL is pronounced <I>Post-Gres-Q-L</I>, and is also sometimes referred to as just <I>Postgres</I>. An audio file is available in @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html</A> </P> - <H3><A name="1.2">1.2</A>) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR></H3> + <H3 ID="1.2">1.2) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR></H3> <P>If you are looking for a PostgreSQL gatekeeper, central committee, or controlling company, give up --- there isn't one. We do have a @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Developer's FAQ</A> for information on how to get involved in PostgreSQL development.)</P> - <H3><A name="1.3">1.3</A>) What is the copyright of + <H3 ID="1.3">1.3) What is the copyright of PostgreSQL?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL is distributed under the classic BSD license. Basically, @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.</P> - <H3><A name="1.4">1.4</A>) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.4">1.4) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?</H3> <P>In general, any modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received explicit testing at @@ -210,21 +210,21 @@ "http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F"> http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgreSQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F</a>.</p> - <H3><A name="1.5">1.5</A>) Where can I get PostgreSQL?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.5">1.5) Where can I get PostgreSQL?</H3> <P>Via web browser, use <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/"> http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/</a>, and via ftp, use <A href="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/"> ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.6">1.6</A>) What is the latest release?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.6">1.6) What is the latest release?</H3> <P>The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 8.1.1</P> <P>We plan to have a major release every year, with minor releases every few months.</P> - <H3><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) Where can I get support?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.7">1.7) Where can I get support?</H3> <P>The PostgreSQL community provides assistance to many of its users via email. The main web site to subscribe to the email lists is @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php"> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.8">1.8</A>) How do I submit a bug report?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.8">1.8) How do I submit a bug report?</H3> <P>Visit the PostgreSQL bug form at <A href= "http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug"> @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ </li> </ul> - <H3><A name="1.9">1.9</A>) How do I find out about known bugs or + <H3 ID="1.9">1.9) How do I find out about known bugs or missing features?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL supports an extended subset of <SMALL>SQL:2003</SMALL>. @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Even the release notes do not contain every change made to the software.</P> - <H3><A name="1.10">1.10</A>) What documentation is available?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.10">1.10) What documentation is available?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL includes extensive documentation, including a large manual, manual pages, and some test examples. See the <I>/doc</I> @@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ <P>Our web site contains even more documentation.</P> - <H3><A name="1.11">1.11</A>) How can I learn + <H3 ID="1.11">1.11) How can I learn <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3> <P>First, consider the PostgreSQL-specific books mentioned above. @@ -357,13 +357,13 @@ and at <A href= "http://sqlcourse.com/">http://sqlcourse.com.</A></P> - <H3><A name="1.12">1.12</A>) How do I join the development + <H3 ID="1.12">1.12) How do I join the development team?</H3> <P>See the <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html"> Developer's FAQ</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.13">1.13</A>) How does PostgreSQL compare to other + <H3 ID="1.13">1.13) How does PostgreSQL compare to other <SMALL>DBMS</SMALL>s?</H3> <P>There are several ways of measuring software: features, @@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ <H2 align="center">User Client Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="2.1">2.1</A>) What interfaces are available for + <H3 ID="2.1">2.1) What interfaces are available for PostgreSQL?</H3> <P>The PostgreSQL install includes only the <SMALL>C</SMALL> and embedded @@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ in the <I>Drivers/Interfaces</I> section and via Internet search. </P> - <H3><A name="2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for using + <H3 ID="2.2">2.2) What tools are available for using PostgreSQL with Web pages?</H3> <P>A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at: @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ <P>For complex cases, many use the Perl and DBD::Pg with CGI.pm or mod_perl.</P> - <H3><A name="2.3">2.3</A>) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user + <H3 ID="2.3">2.3) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user interface?</H3> <P>Yes, see <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUITools"> @@ -467,13 +467,13 @@ <H2 align="center">Administrative Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="3.1">3.1</A>) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere + <H3 ID="3.1">3.1) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere other than <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I>?</H3> <P>Specify the <I>--prefix</I> option when running <I>configure</I>.</P> - <H3><A name="3.2">3.2</A>) How do I control connections from other + <H3 ID="3.2">3.2) How do I control connections from other hosts?</H3> <P>By default, PostgreSQL only allows connections from the local @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ host-based authentication by modifying the <I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> file, and restart the server.</P> - <H3><A name="3.3">3.3</A>) How do I tune the database engine for + <H3 ID="3.3">3.3) How do I tune the database engine for better performance?</H3> <P>There are three major areas for potential performance @@ -540,14 +540,14 @@ </DD> </DL> - <H3><A name="3.4">3.4</A>) What debugging features are + <H3 ID="3.4">3.4) What debugging features are available?</H3> <P>There are many <CODE>log_*</CODE> server configuration variables that enable printing of query and process statistics which can be very useful for debugging and performance measurements.</P> - <H3><A name="3.5">3.5</A>) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many + <H3 ID="3.5">3.5) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many clients"</I> when trying to connect?</H3> <P>You have reached the default limit is 100 database sessions. You @@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ <I>max_connections</I> value in <I>postgresql.conf</I> and restarting the <I>postmaster</I>.</P> - <H3><A name="3.6">3.6</A>) Why do I need to do a dump and restore + <H3 ID="3.6">3.6) Why do I need to do a dump and restore to upgrade between major PostgreSQL releases?</H3> <P>The PostgreSQL team makes only small changes between minor releases, @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ data in a generic format that can then be loaded in using the new internal format.</P> - <H3><A name="3.7">3.7</A>) What computer hardware should I use?</H3> + <H3 ID="3.7">3.7) What computer hardware should I use?</H3> <P>Because PC hardware is mostly compatible, people tend to believe that all PC hardware is of equal quality. It is not. ECC RAM, SCSI, and @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ <H2 align="center">Operational Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="4.1">4.1</A>) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the + <H3 ID="4.1">4.1) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the first few rows of a query? A random row?</H3> <P>To retrieve only a few rows, if you know at the number of rows @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ LIMIT 1; </PRE> - <H3><A name="4.2">4.2</A>) How do I find out what tables, indexes, + <H3 ID="4.2">4.2) How do I find out what tables, indexes, databases, and users are defined? How do I see the queries used by <I>psql</I> to display them?</H3> @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ illustrates many of the <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL>s needed to get information from the database system tables.</P> - <H3><A name="4.3">4.3</A>) How do you change a column's data type?</H3> + <H3 ID="4.3">4.3) How do you change a column's data type?</H3> <P>Changing the data type of a column can be done easily in 8.0 and later with <SMALL>ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN TYPE</SMALL>.</P> @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ <P>You might then want to do <I>VACUUM FULL tab</I> to reclaim the disk space used by the expired rows.</P> - <H3><A name="4.4">4.4</A>) What is the maximum size for a row, a + <H3 ID="4.4">4.4) What is the maximum size for a row, a table, and a database?</H3> <P>These are the limits:</P> @@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR> of an MD5 hash of the long column, and full text indexing allows for searching of words within the column.</P> - <H3><A name="4.5">4.5</A>) How much database disk space is required + <H3 ID="4.5">4.5) How much database disk space is required to store data from a typical text file?</H3> <P>A PostgreSQL database may require up to five times the disk @@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR> <P><SMALL>NULL</SMALL>s are stored as bitmaps, so they use very little space.</P> - <H3><A name="4.6">4.6</A>) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they + <H3 ID="4.6">4.6) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they use my indexes?</H3> <P>Indexes are not used by every query. Indexes are used only if the @@ -777,12 +777,12 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR> types exactly match the index's column types. This was particularly true of int2, int8, and numeric column indexes.</P> - <H3><A name="4.7">4.7</A>) How do I see how the query optimizer is + <H3 ID="4.7">4.7) How do I see how the query optimizer is evaluating my query?</H3> <P>See the <SMALL>EXPLAIN</SMALL> manual page.</P> - <H3><A name="4.8">4.8</A>) How do I perform regular expression + <H3 ID="4.8">4.8) How do I perform regular expression searches and case-insensitive regular expression searches? How do I use an index for case-insensitive searches?</H3> @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR> case to be stored in the column, use a <SMALL>CHECK</SMALL> constraint or a trigger.</P> - <H3><A name="4.9">4.9</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field + <H3 ID="4.9">4.9) In a query, how do I detect if a field is <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>? How can I sort on whether a field is <SMALL> NULL</SMALL> or not?</H3> @@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR> ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL) </PRE> - <H3><A name="4.10">4.10</A>) What is the difference between the + <H3 ID="4.10">4.10) What is the difference between the various character types?</H3> <BLOCKQUOTE> <TABLE> @@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ length</TD></TR> particularly values that include <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> bytes. All the types described here have similar performance characteristics.</P> - <H3><A name="4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) How do I create a + <H3 ID="4.11.1">4.11.1) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL supports a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> data type. It @@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ length</TD></TR> See the <I>create_sequence</I> manual page for more information about sequences. - <H3><A name="4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) How do I get the value of a + <H3 ID="4.11.2">4.11.2) How do I get the value of a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> insert?</H3> <P>One approach is to retrieve the next <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> value @@ -923,13 +923,13 @@ length</TD></TR> new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); </PRE> - <H3><A name="4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> + <H3 ID="4.11.3">4.11.3) Doesn't <I>currval()</I> lead to a race condition with other users?</H3> <P>No. <I>currval()</I> returns the current value assigned by your session, not by all sessions.</P> - <H3><A name="4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers + <H3 ID="4.11.4">4.11.4) Why aren't my sequence numbers reused on transaction abort? Why are there gaps in the numbering of my sequence/SERIAL column?</H3> @@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ length</TD></TR> completes. This causes gaps in numbering from aborted transactions.</P> - <H3><A name="4.12">4.12</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is + <H3 ID="4.12">4.12) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a <SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?</H3> <P>Every row that is created in PostgreSQL gets a unique @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ length</TD></TR> are modified or reloaded. They are used by index entries to point to physical rows.</P> - <H3><A name="4.13">4.13</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: + <H3 ID="4.13">4.13) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?</H3> <P>You probably have run out of virtual memory on your system, @@ -980,12 +980,12 @@ length</TD></TR> backend is returning too much data, try it before starting the client. - <H3><A name="4.14">4.14</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version + <H3 ID="4.14">4.14) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I am running?</H3> <P>From <I>psql</I>, type <CODE>SELECT version();</CODE></P> - <H3><A name="4.15">4.15</A>) How do I create a column that will + <H3 ID="4.15">4.15) How do I create a column that will default to the current time?</H3> <P>Use <I>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</I>:</P> @@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ length</TD></TR> CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ); </PRE> - <H3><A name="4.16">4.16</A>) How do I perform an outer join?</H3> + <H3 ID="4.16">4.16) How do I perform an outer join?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL supports outer joins using the SQL standard syntax. Here are two examples:</P> @@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ length</TD></TR> <SMALL>RIGHT</SMALL>, and <SMALL>FULL</SMALL> joins. Ordinary joins are called <SMALL>INNER</SMALL> joins.</P> - <H3><A name="4.17">4.17</A>) How do I perform queries using + <H3 ID="4.17">4.17) How do I perform queries using multiple databases?</H3> <P>There is no way to query a database other than the current one. @@ -1028,14 +1028,14 @@ length</TD></TR> connections to different databases and merge the results on the client side.</P> - <H3><A name="4.18">4.18</A>) How do I return multiple rows or + <H3 ID="4.18">4.18) How do I return multiple rows or columns from a function?</H3> <P>It is easy using set-returning functions, <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions"> http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions</a></P>. - <H3><A name="4.19">4.19</A>) Why do I get "relation with OID ##### + <H3 ID="4.19">4.19) Why do I get "relation with OID ##### does not exist" errors when accessing temporary tables in PL/PgSQL functions?</H3> @@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ length</TD></TR> <SMALL>EXECUTE</SMALL> for temporary table access in PL/PgSQL. This will cause the query to be reparsed every time.</P> - <H3><A name="4.20">4.20</A>) What replication solutions are available? + <H3 ID="4.20">4.20) What replication solutions are available? </H3> <P>Though "replication" is a single term, there are several technologies @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ length</TD></TR> <P>There are also commercial and hardware-based replication solutions available supporting a variety of replication models.</P> - <H3><A name="4.21">4.21</A>) Why are my table and column names not + <H3 ID="4.21">4.21) Why are my table and column names not recognized in my query?</H3> <P>The most common cause is the use of double-quotes around table or diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_DEV.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_DEV.html index 7acb76feb941ad87552267f1d838b19f37be7659..81468b10d195c82197d4f665e29f77d1dc1a3478 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_DEV.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_DEV.html @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ <H1>Developer's Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL</H1> - <P>Last updated: Thu Oct 27 09:48:14 EDT 2005</P> + <P>Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:13:04 EST 2005</P> <P>Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (<A href= "mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR> @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ <H2>General Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="1.1">1.1</A>) How do I get involved in PostgreSQL + <H3 ID="1.1">1.1) How do I get involved in PostgreSQL development?</H3> <P>Download the code and have a look around. See <A href= @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ contributors and core members of the project discuss development.</P> - <H3><A name="1.2">1.2</A>) What development environment is required + <H3 ID="1.2">1.2) What development environment is required to develop code?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL is developed mostly in the C programming language. It @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ when you make a modification to a C header file, all files depend upon that file are also rebuilt.</P> - <H3><A name="1.3">1.3</A>) What areas need work?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.3">1.3) What areas need work?</H3> Outstanding features are detailed in the TODO list. This is located in <I>doc/TODO</I> in the source distribution or at <A href= "http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.TODO.html"> @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ archives, the SQL standards and the recommend texts (see <A href= "#1.10">1.10</A>).</P> - <H3><A name="1.4">1.4</A>) What do I do after choosing an item to + <H3 ID="1.4">1.4) What do I do after choosing an item to work on?</H3> <P>Send an email to pgsql-hackers with a proposal for what you want @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ <a href="http://momjian.postgresql.org/cgi-bin/pgpatches_hold"> http://momjian.postgresql.org/cgi-bin/pgpatches2</a>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.5">1.5</A>) I've developed a patch, what next?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.5">1.5) I've developed a patch, what next?</H3> <P>Generate the patch in contextual diff format. If you are unfamiliar with this, you might find the script @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ that, let us know and we will manually update the documentation when the patch is applied.</P> - <H3><A name="1.6">1.6</A>) Where can I learn more about the + <H3 ID="1.6">1.6) Where can I learn more about the code?</H3> <P>Other than documentation in the source tree itself, you can find @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ "http://www.postgresql.org/developer"> http://www.postgresql.org/developer</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) How do I download/update the current + <H3 ID="1.7">1.7) How do I download/update the current source tree?</H3> <P>There are several ways to obtain the source tree. Occasional @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ "http://developer.postgresql.org/docs/postgres/cvs.html"> http://developer.postgresql.org/docs/postgres/cvs.html</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.8">1.8</A>) How do I test my changes?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.8">1.8) How do I test my changes?</H3> <P><B>Basic system testing</B></P> @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ you can use the <I>--enable-depend</I> option of <I>configure</I> to have the compiler compute the dependencies automatically.</P> - <H3><A name="1.9">1.9</A>) What tools are available for + <H3 ID="1.9">1.9) What tools are available for developers?</H3> <P>First, all the files in the <I>src/tools</I> directory are @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ There is also a script called <I>unused_oids</I> in <I>pgsql/src/include/catalog</I> that shows the unused oids.</P> - <H3><A name="1.10">1.10</A>) What books are good for + <H3 ID="1.10">1.10) What books are good for developers?</H3> <P>I have four good books, <I>An Introduction to Database @@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ on-line written by Jim Gray at <A href= "http://www.benchmarkresources.com">http://www.benchmarkresources.com.</A>.</P> - <H3><A name="1.11">1.11</A>) What is configure all about?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.11">1.11) What is configure all about?</H3> <P>The files <I>configure</I> and <I>configure.in</I> are part of the GNU <I>autoconf</I> package. Configure allows us to test for @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ all files derived by configure are removed, so you see only the file contained in the source distribution.</P> - <H3><A name="1.12">1.12</A>) How do I add a new port?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.12">1.12) How do I add a new port?</H3> <P>There are a variety of places that need to be modified to add a new port. First, start in the <I>src/template</I> directory. Add an @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ handling. There is a <I>backend/port</I> directory if you need special files for your OS.</P> - <H3><A name="1.13">1.13</A>) Why don't you use threads, raw + <H3 ID="1.13">1.13) Why don't you use threads, raw devices, async-I/O, <insert your favorite wizz-bang feature here>?</H3> @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ cautious about their adoption. The TODO list often contains links to discussions showing our reasoning in these areas.</P> - <H3><A name="1.14">1.14</A>) How are RPMs packaged?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.14">1.14) How are RPMs packaged?</H3> <P>This was written by Lamar Owen:</P> @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ <P>Of course, there are many projects that DO include all the files necessary to build RPMs from their Official Tarball (TM).</P> - <H3><A name="1.15">1.15</A>) How are CVS branches managed?</H3> + <H3 ID="1.15">1.15) How are CVS branches managed?</H3> <P>This was written by Tom Lane:</P> @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ dot-release or two, so that we won't have to double-patch the first wave of fixes.</P> - <H3><A name="1.16">1.16</A>) Where can I get a copy of the SQL + <H3 ID="1.16">1.16) Where can I get a copy of the SQL standards?</H3> <P>There are three versions of the SQL standard: SQL-92, SQL:1999, @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ (paper)</LI> </UL> - <H3><A name="1.17">1.17</A>) Where can I get technical + <H3 ID="1.17">1.17) Where can I get technical assistance?</H3> <P>Many technical questions held by those new to the code have been @@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ questions about development of new features, on IRC at irc.freenode.net in the #postgresql channel.</P> - <H3><A name="1.18">1.18</A>) How do I get involved in PostgreSQL + <H3 ID="1.18">1.18) How do I get involved in PostgreSQL web site development?</H3> <P>PostgreSQL website development is discussed on the @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ <H2>Technical Questions</H2> - <H3><A name="2.1">2.1</A>) How do I efficiently access information + <H3 ID="2.1">2.1) How do I efficiently access information in tables from the backend code?</H3> <P>You first need to find the tuples(rows) you are interested in. @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ <I>ReleaseBuffer()</I>, in the <I>heap_fetch()</I> case. Or it may be a palloc'ed tuple, that you must <I>pfree()</I> when finished. - <H3><A name="2.2">2.2</A>) Why are table, column, type, function, + <H3 ID="2.2">2.2) Why are table, column, type, function, view names sometimes referenced as <I>Name</I> or <I>NameData,</I> and sometimes as <I>char *?</I></H3> @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ names(char *), there are many cases where Name and char * are used interchangeably.</P> - <H3><A name="2.3">2.3</A>) Why do we use <I>Node</I> and + <H3 ID="2.3">2.3) Why do we use <I>Node</I> and <I>List</I> to make data structures?</H3> <P>We do this because this allows a consistent way to pass data @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ The output appears in the postmaster log file, or on your screen if you are running a backend directly without a postmaster. - <H3><A name="2.4">2.4</A>) I just added a field to a structure. + <H3 ID="2.4">2.4) I just added a field to a structure. What else should I do?</H3> <P>The structures passing around from the parser, rewrite, @@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ places the structure might need code for your new field. <I>mkid</I> is helpful with this (see <A href="#1.9">1.9</A>).</P> - <H3><A name="2.5">2.5</A>) Why do we use <I>palloc</I>() and + <H3 ID="2.5">2.5) Why do we use <I>palloc</I>() and <I>pfree</I>() to allocate memory?</H3> <P><I>palloc()</I> and <I>pfree()</I> are used in place of malloc() @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ memory can be allocated in. These affect when the allocated memory is freed by the backend.</P> - <H3><A name="2.6">2.6</A>) What is ereport()?</H3> + <H3 ID="2.6">2.6) What is ereport()?</H3> <P><I>ereport()</I> is used to send messages to the front-end, and optionally terminate the current query being processed. The first @@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ descriptors so you don't need to clean these up before the call.</P> - <H3><A name="2.7">2.7</A>) What is CommandCounterIncrement()?</H3> + <H3 ID="2.7">2.7) What is CommandCounterIncrement()?</H3> <P>Normally, transactions can not see the rows they modify. This allows <CODE>UPDATE foo SET x = x + 1</CODE> to work correctly.</P> @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ increments the Command Counter, creating a new part of the transaction.</P> - <H3><A name="2.8">2.8</A>) What debugging features are + <H3 ID="2.8">2.8) What debugging features are available?</H3> <P>First, try running <I>configure</I> with the --enable-cassert