diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml index 6dd448dca59ce788e84df08c83edcce5fb2e59a3..055f0a5a26f70919134cfc6926c9e3d98a6e3a40 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml,v 1.25 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/clusterdb.sgml,v 1.26 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <sbr> <command>clusterdb</command> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> - <group><arg>--all</arg><arg>-a</arg></group> <group><arg>--verbose</arg><arg>-v</arg></group> + <group><arg>--all</arg><arg>-a</arg></group> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml index 59f108c4cddf26b8384f18c5ab847c80166def77..0856e0f621a41466afd1c8d79b9a07990fdd8985 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml,v 1.49 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createdb.sgml,v 1.50 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>createdb</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>description</replaceable></arg> @@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> Normally, the database user who executes this command becomes the owner of the new database. - However a different owner can be specified via the <option>-O</option> + However, a different owner can be specified via the <option>-O</option> option, if the executing user has appropriate privileges. </para> @@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation </para> <para> - The options <option>-D</option>, <option>-E</option>, <option>-l</option>, + The options <option>-D</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>-E</option>, <option>-O</option>, and <option>-T</option> correspond to options of the underlying SQL command <xref linkend="SQL-CREATEDATABASE" diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml index afe380dc135c4b993e3a7c7e61bd93f7d2a7766e..52aabdc3d0a9d3bb691dc6877e13d0efddecd072 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml,v 1.43 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createlang.sgml,v 1.44 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <term><option><optional>--dbname</> <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></></term> <listitem> <para> - Specifies to which database the language should be added. + Specifies the database to which the language should be added. The default is to use the database with the same name as the current system user. </para> @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> Most error messages are self-explanatory. If not, run <application>createlang</application> with the <option>--echo</option> - option and see under the respective <acronym>SQL</acronym> command + option and see the respective <acronym>SQL</acronym> command for details. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the <application>libpq</application> front-end library will apply. diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml index 1e8a1fc3fbd85a607a0f6f2d7b7bf262def61350..eecf8c4fe253fcb17755b0392fba482c6a3a355d 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml,v 1.52 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/createuser.sgml,v 1.53 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>createuser</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>username</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml index 260241058c2d46cc08395e38093542992a0cb9a9..2451a198a932fbbef103b77755546b836e9b41d1 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml,v 1.35 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropdb.sgml,v 1.36 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>dropdb</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml index b66a76f95630904e6ceff25f4c6752ab9e6bc919..9df53ddc1072c35fae6acc27e572b1eafb508163 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml,v 1.40 2009/02/26 16:02:37 petere Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/dropuser.sgml,v 1.41 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>dropuser</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>username</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml index 466c52897689864dc99e5d51a96547e3a85411ec..626dc406e637dcf4cdd28c14b32b07e9fadbd899 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml,v 1.32 2007/01/31 23:26:03 momjian Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ecpg-ref.sgml,v 1.33 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> When compiling the preprocessed C code files, the compiler needs to be able to find the <application>ECPG</> header files in the - <productname>PostgreSQL</> include directory. Therefore, one might + <productname>PostgreSQL</> include directory. Therefore, you might have to use the <option>-I</> option when invoking the compiler (e.g., <literal>-I/usr/local/pgsql/include</literal>). </para> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml index 9386ff8109a3aea2e2c633db3c3a10f7b5dfe215..86d75b973f2db0b0ce86663e9e768dc3e447d270 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.114 2009/08/07 20:54:31 alvherre Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.115 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>pg_dump</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> @@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation saved. To restore from such a script, feed it to <xref linkend="app-psql">. Script files can be used to reconstruct the database even on other machines and - other architectures; with some modifications even on other SQL + other architectures; with some modifications, even on other SQL database products. </para> @@ -530,7 +531,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. - Also, since this option generates a separate command for each row, + However, since this option generates a separate command for each row, an error in reloading a row causes only that row to be lost rather than the entire table contents. Note that @@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation ...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. - Also, since this option generates a separate command for each row, + However, since this option generates a separate command for each row, an error in reloading a row causes only that row to be lost rather than the entire table contents. </para> @@ -636,7 +637,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> Output SQL-standard <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> commands instead of <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to determine object - ownership. This makes the dump more standards compatible, but + ownership. This makes the dump more standards-compatible, but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore properly. Also, a dump using <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> will certainly require superuser privileges to restore correctly, @@ -834,7 +835,7 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0; does not contain the statistics used by the optimizer to make query planning decisions. Therefore, it is wise to run <command>ANALYZE</command> after restoring from a dump file - to ensure good performance; see <xref linkend="vacuum-for-statistics"> + to ensure optimal performance; see <xref linkend="vacuum-for-statistics"> and <xref linkend="autovacuum"> for more information. The dump file also does not contain any <command>ALTER DATABASE ... SET</> commands; diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml index 3c341bad1a683079e297b81ae671edde6b2d96ca..bf41b5ead87b6fd3744679bd115758a1bd49e21c 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml,v 1.79 2009/03/22 16:44:26 tgl Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml,v 1.80 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>pg_dumpall</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> @@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation </para> <para> - The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Shell - operators should be used to redirect it into a file. + The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Use the + [-f|file] option or shell operators to redirect it into a file. </para> <para> @@ -168,13 +169,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <listitem> <para> Do not wait forever to acquire shared table locks at the beginning of - the dump. Instead fail if unable to lock a table within the specified + the dump. Instead, fail if unable to lock a table within the specified <replaceable class="parameter">timeout</>. The timeout may be specified in any of the formats accepted by <command>SET - statement_timeout</>. (Allowed values vary depending on the server + statement_timeout</>. Allowed values vary depending on the server version you are dumping from, but an integer number of milliseconds is accepted by all versions since 7.3. This option is ignored when - dumping from a pre-7.3 server.) + dumping from a pre-7.3 server. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -510,7 +511,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> <application>pg_dumpall</application> requires all needed - tablespace directories to exist before the restore, else + tablespace directories to exist before the restore; otherwise, database creation will fail for databases in non-default locations. </para> @@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation </para> <para> - To reload this database use, for example: + To reload database(s) from this file, you can use: <screen> <prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -f db.out postgres</userinput> </screen> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml index 73ae4c9438594c03f51f34927280c23ebd021c6f..0e86e0862f7a203d36bfeac356605e16bc5084b9 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.82 2009/08/07 20:54:31 alvherre Exp $ --> +<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.83 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ --> <refentry id="APP-PGRESTORE"> <refmeta> @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>pg_restore</command> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg> <arg><replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg> </cmdsynopsis> @@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ good place to start is the number of CPU cores on the server, but values larger than that can also lead to faster restore times in many cases. Of course, values that are too high will - lead to decreasing performance because of thrashing. + lead to decreased performance because of thrashing. </para> <para> @@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ <listitem> <para> Restore only the schema (data definitions), not the data (table - contents). Sequence current values will not be restored, either. + contents). Current sequence values will not be restored, either. (Do not confuse this with the <option>--schema</> option, which uses the word <quote>schema</> in a different meaning.) </para> @@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ <para> Output SQL-standard <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</> commands instead of <command>ALTER OWNER</> commands to determine object - ownership. This makes the dump more standards compatible, but + ownership. This makes the dump more standards-compatible, but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore properly. </para> @@ -653,7 +654,7 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0; When restoring data to a pre-existing table and the option <option>--disable-triggers</> is used, <application>pg_restore</application> emits commands - to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data then emits commands to + to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data, then emits commands to re-enable them after the data has been inserted. If the restore is stopped in the middle, the system catalogs might be left in the wrong state. </para> @@ -662,7 +663,7 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0; <listitem> <para> <application>pg_restore</application> cannot restore large objects - selectively, for instance only those for a specific table. If + selectively; for instance, only those for a specific table. If an archive contains large objects, then all large objects will be restored, or none of them if they are excluded via <option>-L</option>, <option>-t</option>, or other options. diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml index a15b6a8df08d31cfdf2c17ddf7177f88780bd618..64d96a218392b94842f417c204188544753fba40 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml,v 1.237 2010/01/29 17:44:12 rhaas Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml,v 1.238 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <listitem> <para> Print all input lines to standard output as they are read. This is more - useful for script processing rather than interactive mode. This is + useful for script processing than interactive mode. This is equivalent to setting the variable <varname>ECHO</varname> to <literal>all</literal>. </para> @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> <replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable> must be either a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., - it contains no <application>psql</application> specific features), + it contains no <application>psql</application>-specific features), or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix <acronym>SQL</acronym> and <application>psql</application> meta-commands with this option. To achieve that, you could @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation numbers. There is also a slight chance that using this option will reduce the start-up overhead. On the other hand, the variant using the shell's input redirection is (in theory) guaranteed to yield - exactly the same output that you would have gotten had you entered + exactly the same output you would have received had you entered everything by hand. </para> </listitem> @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation Specifies printing options, in the style of <command>\pset</command>. Note that here you have to separate name and value with an equal sign instead of a - space. Thus to set the output format to LaTeX, you could write + space. For example, to set the output format to LaTeX, you could write <literal>-P format=latex</literal>. </para> </listitem> @@ -523,8 +523,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <para> <application>psql</application> returns 0 to the shell if it - finished normally, 1 if a fatal error of its own (out of memory, - file not found) occurs, 2 if the connection to the server went bad + finished normally, 1 if a fatal error of its own occurs (e.g. out of memory, + file not found), 2 if the connection to the server went bad and the session was not interactive, and 3 if an error occurred in a script and the variable <varname>ON_ERROR_STOP</varname> was set. </para> @@ -541,14 +541,14 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <application>psql</application> is a regular <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> client application. In order to connect to a database you need to know the name of your target - database, the host name and port number of the server and what user + database, the host name and port number of the server, and what user name you want to connect as. <application>psql</application> can be told about those parameters via command line options, namely <option>-d</option>, <option>-h</option>, <option>-p</option>, and <option>-U</option> respectively. If an argument is found that does not belong to any option it will be interpreted as the database name (or the user name, if the database name is already given). Not all - these options are required; there are useful defaults. If you omit the host + of these options are required; there are useful defaults. If you omit the host name, <application>psql</> will connect via a Unix-domain socket to a server on the local host, or via TCP/IP to <literal>localhost</> on machines that don't have Unix-domain sockets. The default port number is @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ testdb=> Anything you enter in <application>psql</application> that begins with an unquoted backslash is a <application>psql</application> meta-command that is processed by <application>psql</application> - itself. These commands help make + itself. These commands make <application>psql</application> more useful for administration or scripting. Meta-commands are often called slash or backslash commands. </para> @@ -1727,7 +1727,7 @@ lo_import 152801 <para> <literal>aligned</literal> format is the standard, human-readable, - nicely formatted text output that is default. + nicely formatted text output; this is the default. </para> <para> @@ -2189,7 +2189,7 @@ lo_import 152801 <para> Escapes to a separate Unix shell or executes the Unix command <replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable>. The - arguments are not further interpreted, the shell will see them + arguments are not further interpreted; the shell will see them as-is. </para> </listitem> @@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ bar number of them. A number of these variables are treated specially by <application>psql</application>. They indicate certain option settings that can be changed at run time by altering the value of - the variable or represent some state of the application. Although + the variable or that represent some state of the application. Although you can use these variables for any other purpose, this is not recommended, as the program behavior might grow really strange really quickly. By convention, all specially treated variables @@ -2763,7 +2763,7 @@ testdb=> <userinput>INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:'content');</userinput> Since colons can legally appear in SQL commands, an apparent attempt at interpolation (such as <literal>:name</literal>, <literal>:'name'</literal>, or <literal>:"name"</literal>) is not - changed unless the named variable is currently set. In any case you + changed unless the named variable is currently set. In any case, you can escape a colon with a backslash to protect it from substitution. (The colon syntax for variables is standard <acronym>SQL</acronym> for embedded query languages, such as <application>ECPG</application>. diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml index 20fb233a4c657ad236cbe9a897682a6f8972216a..f24c02be1b98ad64d95886df952b8da3deed3b20 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml,v 1.50 2010/02/08 04:33:51 tgl Exp $ +$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuumdb.sgml,v 1.51 2010/02/19 03:50:03 momjian Exp $ PostgreSQL documentation --> @@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation <arg><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg> <sbr> <command>vacuumdb</command> - <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-options</replaceable></arg> - <group><arg>--all</arg><arg>-a</arg></group> + <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg> <group><arg>--full</arg><arg>-f</arg></group> <group><arg>--freeze</arg><arg>-F</arg></group> <group><arg>--verbose</arg><arg>-v</arg></group> <group><arg>--analyze</arg><arg>-z</arg></group> <group><arg>--analyze-only</arg><arg>-Z</arg></group> + <group><arg>--all</arg><arg>-a</arg></group> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml index f97bf651ce55fbca51731dd1dc06d63a857e8362..50f1d93d8bb93ffe8b5f96e4534c1c1d9b7bbf93 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml,v 1.70 2009/12/11 03:34:55 itagaki Exp $ --> +<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml,v 1.71 2010/02/19 03:50:02 momjian Exp $ --> <part id="reference"> <title>Reference</title> @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ <para> This part contains reference information for <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> client applications and - utilities. Not all of these commands are of general utility, some + utilities. Not all of these commands are of general utility; some might require special privileges. The common feature of these applications is that they can be run on any host, independent of where the database server resides.