diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/join-win32.out b/src/test/regress/expected/join-win32.out new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27c7d29dd99cc428f924068446e96240e7c39910 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/test/regress/expected/join-win32.out @@ -0,0 +1,2149 @@ +-- +-- JOIN +-- Test JOIN clauses +-- +CREATE TABLE J1_TBL ( + i integer, + j integer, + t text +); +CREATE TABLE J2_TBL ( + i integer, + k integer +); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (1, 4, 'one'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (2, 3, 'two'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (3, 2, 'three'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (4, 1, 'four'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (5, 0, 'five'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (6, 6, 'six'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (7, 7, 'seven'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (8, 8, 'eight'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (0, NULL, 'zero'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL, 'null'); +INSERT INTO J1_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0, 'zero'); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (1, -1); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 2); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (3, -3); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (2, 4); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (5, -5); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (0, NULL); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, NULL); +INSERT INTO J2_TBL VALUES (NULL, 0); +-- +-- CORRELATION NAMES +-- Make sure that table/column aliases are supported +-- before diving into more complex join syntax. +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL AS tx; + xxx | i | j | t +-----+---+---+------- + | 1 | 4 | one + | 2 | 3 | two + | 3 | 2 | three + | 4 | 1 | four + | 5 | 0 | five + | 6 | 6 | six + | 7 | 7 | seven + | 8 | 8 | eight + | 0 | | zero + | | | null + | | 0 | zero +(11 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL tx; + xxx | i | j | t +-----+---+---+------- + | 1 | 4 | one + | 2 | 3 | two + | 3 | 2 | three + | 4 | 1 | four + | 5 | 0 | five + | 6 | 6 | six + | 7 | 7 | seven + | 8 | 8 | eight + | 0 | | zero + | | | null + | | 0 | zero +(11 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL AS t1 (a, b, c); + xxx | a | b | c +-----+---+---+------- + | 1 | 4 | one + | 2 | 3 | two + | 3 | 2 | three + | 4 | 1 | four + | 5 | 0 | five + | 6 | 6 | six + | 7 | 7 | seven + | 8 | 8 | eight + | 0 | | zero + | | | null + | | 0 | zero +(11 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c); + xxx | a | b | c +-----+---+---+------- + | 1 | 4 | one + | 2 | 3 | two + | 3 | 2 | three + | 4 | 1 | four + | 5 | 0 | five + | 6 | 6 | six + | 7 | 7 | seven + | 8 | 8 | eight + | 0 | | zero + | | | null + | | 0 | zero +(11 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e); + xxx | a | b | c | d | e +-----+---+---+-------+---+---- + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | | + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | | + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | | + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | | + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | | + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | | + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | | + | 0 | | zero | | 0 + | | | null | 1 | -1 + | | | null | 2 | 2 + | | | null | 3 | -3 + | | | null | 2 | 4 + | | | null | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 0 | + | | | null | | + | | | null | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | | + | | 0 | zero | | 0 +(99 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", t1.a, t2.e + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c), J2_TBL t2 (d, e) + WHERE t1.a = t2.d; + xxx | a | e +-----+---+---- + | 0 | + | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 2 + | 3 | -3 + | 5 | -5 + | 5 | -5 +(7 rows) + +-- +-- CROSS JOIN +-- Qualifications are not allowed on cross joins, +-- which degenerate into a standard unqualified inner join. +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL; + xxx | i | j | t | i | k +-----+---+---+-------+---+---- + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | | + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | | + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | | + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | | + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | | + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | | + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | | + | 0 | | zero | | 0 + | | | null | 1 | -1 + | | | null | 2 | 2 + | | | null | 3 | -3 + | | | null | 2 | 4 + | | | null | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 0 | + | | | null | | + | | | null | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | | + | | 0 | zero | | 0 +(99 rows) + +-- ambiguous column +SELECT '' AS "xxx", i, k, t + FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL; +ERROR: column reference "i" is ambiguous +-- resolve previous ambiguity by specifying the table name +SELECT '' AS "xxx", t1.i, k, t + FROM J1_TBL t1 CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2; + xxx | i | k | t +-----+---+----+------- + | 1 | -1 | one + | 1 | 2 | one + | 1 | -3 | one + | 1 | 4 | one + | 1 | -5 | one + | 1 | -5 | one + | 1 | | one + | 1 | | one + | 1 | 0 | one + | 2 | -1 | two + | 2 | 2 | two + | 2 | -3 | two + | 2 | 4 | two + | 2 | -5 | two + | 2 | -5 | two + | 2 | | two + | 2 | | two + | 2 | 0 | two + | 3 | -1 | three + | 3 | 2 | three + | 3 | -3 | three + | 3 | 4 | three + | 3 | -5 | three + | 3 | -5 | three + | 3 | | three + | 3 | | three + | 3 | 0 | three + | 4 | -1 | four + | 4 | 2 | four + | 4 | -3 | four + | 4 | 4 | four + | 4 | -5 | four + | 4 | -5 | four + | 4 | | four + | 4 | | four + | 4 | 0 | four + | 5 | -1 | five + | 5 | 2 | five + | 5 | -3 | five + | 5 | 4 | five + | 5 | -5 | five + | 5 | -5 | five + | 5 | | five + | 5 | | five + | 5 | 0 | five + | 6 | -1 | six + | 6 | 2 | six + | 6 | -3 | six + | 6 | 4 | six + | 6 | -5 | six + | 6 | -5 | six + | 6 | | six + | 6 | | six + | 6 | 0 | six + | 7 | -1 | seven + | 7 | 2 | seven + | 7 | -3 | seven + | 7 | 4 | seven + | 7 | -5 | seven + | 7 | -5 | seven + | 7 | | seven + | 7 | | seven + | 7 | 0 | seven + | 8 | -1 | eight + | 8 | 2 | eight + | 8 | -3 | eight + | 8 | 4 | eight + | 8 | -5 | eight + | 8 | -5 | eight + | 8 | | eight + | 8 | | eight + | 8 | 0 | eight + | 0 | -1 | zero + | 0 | 2 | zero + | 0 | -3 | zero + | 0 | 4 | zero + | 0 | -5 | zero + | 0 | -5 | zero + | 0 | | zero + | 0 | | zero + | 0 | 0 | zero + | | -1 | null + | | 2 | null + | | -3 | null + | | 4 | null + | | -5 | null + | | -5 | null + | | | null + | | | null + | | 0 | null + | | -1 | zero + | | 2 | zero + | | -3 | zero + | | 4 | zero + | | -5 | zero + | | -5 | zero + | | | zero + | | | zero + | | 0 | zero +(99 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", ii, tt, kk + FROM (J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL) + AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk); + xxx | ii | tt | kk +-----+----+-------+---- + | 1 | one | -1 + | 1 | one | 2 + | 1 | one | -3 + | 1 | one | 4 + | 1 | one | -5 + | 1 | one | -5 + | 1 | one | + | 1 | one | + | 1 | one | 0 + | 2 | two | -1 + | 2 | two | 2 + | 2 | two | -3 + | 2 | two | 4 + | 2 | two | -5 + | 2 | two | -5 + | 2 | two | + | 2 | two | + | 2 | two | 0 + | 3 | three | -1 + | 3 | three | 2 + | 3 | three | -3 + | 3 | three | 4 + | 3 | three | -5 + | 3 | three | -5 + | 3 | three | + | 3 | three | + | 3 | three | 0 + | 4 | four | -1 + | 4 | four | 2 + | 4 | four | -3 + | 4 | four | 4 + | 4 | four | -5 + | 4 | four | -5 + | 4 | four | + | 4 | four | + | 4 | four | 0 + | 5 | five | -1 + | 5 | five | 2 + | 5 | five | -3 + | 5 | five | 4 + | 5 | five | -5 + | 5 | five | -5 + | 5 | five | + | 5 | five | + | 5 | five | 0 + | 6 | six | -1 + | 6 | six | 2 + | 6 | six | -3 + | 6 | six | 4 + | 6 | six | -5 + | 6 | six | -5 + | 6 | six | + | 6 | six | + | 6 | six | 0 + | 7 | seven | -1 + | 7 | seven | 2 + | 7 | seven | -3 + | 7 | seven | 4 + | 7 | seven | -5 + | 7 | seven | -5 + | 7 | seven | + | 7 | seven | + | 7 | seven | 0 + | 8 | eight | -1 + | 8 | eight | 2 + | 8 | eight | -3 + | 8 | eight | 4 + | 8 | eight | -5 + | 8 | eight | -5 + | 8 | eight | + | 8 | eight | + | 8 | eight | 0 + | 0 | zero | -1 + | 0 | zero | 2 + | 0 | zero | -3 + | 0 | zero | 4 + | 0 | zero | -5 + | 0 | zero | -5 + | 0 | zero | + | 0 | zero | + | 0 | zero | 0 + | | null | -1 + | | null | 2 + | | null | -3 + | | null | 4 + | | null | -5 + | | null | -5 + | | null | + | | null | + | | null | 0 + | | zero | -1 + | | zero | 2 + | | zero | -3 + | | zero | 4 + | | zero | -5 + | | zero | -5 + | | zero | + | | zero | + | | zero | 0 +(99 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", tx.ii, tx.jj, tx.kk + FROM (J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) CROSS JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, e)) + AS tx (ii, jj, tt, ii2, kk); + xxx | ii | jj | kk +-----+----+----+---- + | 1 | 4 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | + | 1 | 4 | + | 1 | 4 | 0 + | 2 | 3 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | + | 2 | 3 | + | 2 | 3 | 0 + | 3 | 2 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | + | 3 | 2 | + | 3 | 2 | 0 + | 4 | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | + | 4 | 1 | + | 4 | 1 | 0 + | 5 | 0 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | 0 + | 6 | 6 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | + | 6 | 6 | + | 6 | 6 | 0 + | 7 | 7 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | + | 7 | 7 | + | 7 | 7 | 0 + | 8 | 8 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | + | 8 | 8 | + | 8 | 8 | 0 + | 0 | | -1 + | 0 | | 2 + | 0 | | -3 + | 0 | | 4 + | 0 | | -5 + | 0 | | -5 + | 0 | | + | 0 | | + | 0 | | 0 + | | | -1 + | | | 2 + | | | -3 + | | | 4 + | | | -5 + | | | -5 + | | | + | | | + | | | 0 + | | 0 | -1 + | | 0 | 2 + | | 0 | -3 + | | 0 | 4 + | | 0 | -5 + | | 0 | -5 + | | 0 | + | | 0 | + | | 0 | 0 +(99 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL CROSS JOIN J2_TBL a CROSS JOIN J2_TBL b; + xxx | i | j | t | i | k | i | k +-----+---+---+-------+---+----+---+---- + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | | | null | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | | + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | | + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | | + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | | + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | | + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | | + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | | + | | | null | 1 | -1 | | + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | | + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | | | null | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | 1 | -1 | | 0 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | | | null | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | | | null | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | | | null | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | | | null | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | 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| -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | | | null | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | 5 | -5 | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | 5 | -5 | | + | 2 | 3 | two | 5 | -5 | | + | 3 | 2 | three | 5 | -5 | | + | 4 | 1 | four 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4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | | | null | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | | | null | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | | | null | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | | | null | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | 0 | + | | | null | 0 | | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | | + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | | + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | | + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | | + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | | + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | | + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | | + | | | null | 0 | | | + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | | + | 1 | 4 | one | 0 | | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | 0 | | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | 0 | | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | 0 | | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | 0 | | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | 0 | | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | 0 | | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | 0 | | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | 0 | | | 0 + | | | null | 0 | | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | 0 | | | 0 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | | | 1 | -1 + | | | null | | | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | | | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | | | 2 | 2 + | | | null | | | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | | | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | | | 3 | -3 + | | | null | | | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | | | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | | | 2 | 4 + | | | null | | | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | | | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | | | 5 | -5 + | | | null | | | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | | | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | | | 5 | -5 + | | | null | | | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | | | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | | | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | | | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | | | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | | | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | | | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | | | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | | | 0 | + | | | null | | | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | | | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | | | | + | 2 | 3 | two | | | | + | 3 | 2 | three | | | | + | 4 | 1 | four | | | | + | 5 | 0 | five | | | | + | 6 | 6 | six | | | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | | + | 0 | | zero | | | | + | | | null | | | | + | | 0 | zero | | | | + | 1 | 4 | one | | | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | | | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | | | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | | | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | | | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | | | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | | | | 0 + | | | null | | | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | | | | 0 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | | | null | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 1 | -1 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | | | null | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | | | null | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 3 | -3 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | | | null | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 2 | 4 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | | | null | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 5 | -5 + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | 0 | + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | 0 | + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | 0 | + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | 0 | + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | 0 | + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | 0 | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | 0 | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | 0 | + | | | null | | 0 | 0 | + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | | + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | | + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | | + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | | + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | | + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | | + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | | + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | | + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | | + | | | null | | 0 | | + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | | + | 1 | 4 | one | | 0 | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | | 0 | | 0 + | 3 | 2 | three | | 0 | | 0 + | 4 | 1 | four | | 0 | | 0 + | 5 | 0 | five | | 0 | | 0 + | 6 | 6 | six | | 0 | | 0 + | 7 | 7 | seven | | 0 | | 0 + | 8 | 8 | eight | | 0 | | 0 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 | | 0 + | | | null | | 0 | | 0 + | | 0 | zero | | 0 | | 0 +(891 rows) + +-- +-- +-- Inner joins (equi-joins) +-- +-- +-- +-- Inner joins (equi-joins) with USING clause +-- The USING syntax changes the shape of the resulting table +-- by including a column in the USING clause only once in the result. +-- +-- Inner equi-join on specified column +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL INNER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +-- Same as above, slightly different syntax +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d) USING (a) + ORDER BY a, d; + xxx | a | b | c | d +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, b) USING (b) + ORDER BY b, t1.a; + xxx | b | a | c | a +-----+---+---+-------+--- + | 0 | 5 | five | + | 0 | | zero | + | 2 | 3 | three | 2 + | 4 | 1 | one | 2 +(4 rows) + +-- +-- NATURAL JOIN +-- Inner equi-join on all columns with the same name +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL; + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a, d); + xxx | a | b | c | d +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b, c) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (d, a); + xxx | a | b | c | d +-----+---+---+------+--- + | 0 | | zero | + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 +(3 rows) + +-- mismatch number of columns +-- currently, Postgres will fill in with underlying names +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL t1 (a, b) NATURAL JOIN J2_TBL t2 (a); + xxx | a | b | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 +(7 rows) + +-- +-- Inner joins (equi-joins) +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.i); + xxx | i | j | t | i | k +-----+---+---+-------+---+---- + | 0 | | zero | 0 | + | 1 | 4 | one | 1 | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | 3 | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | 5 | -5 +(7 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i = J2_TBL.k); + xxx | i | j | t | i | k +-----+---+---+------+---+--- + | 0 | | zero | | 0 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 +(3 rows) + +-- +-- Non-equi-joins +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL JOIN J2_TBL ON (J1_TBL.i <= J2_TBL.k); + xxx | i | j | t | i | k +-----+---+---+-------+---+--- + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 2 + | 1 | 4 | one | 2 | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | 2 | 4 + | 4 | 1 | four | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 2 + | 0 | | zero | 2 | 4 + | 0 | | zero | | 0 +(9 rows) + +-- +-- Outer joins +-- Note that OUTER is a noise word +-- +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL LEFT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) + ORDER BY i; + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | + | 7 | 7 | seven | + | 8 | 8 | eight | + | | 0 | zero | + | | | null | +(13 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) + ORDER BY i; + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | + | 7 | 7 | seven | + | 8 | 8 | eight | + | | 0 | zero | + | | | null | +(13 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL RIGHT OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | | | | 0 + | | | | +(9 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL RIGHT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | | | | 0 + | | | | +(9 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL FULL OUTER JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) + ORDER BY i, t; + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | + | 7 | 7 | seven | + | 8 | 8 | eight | + | | | null | + | | 0 | zero | + | | | | + | | | | 0 +(15 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL FULL JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) + ORDER BY i, t; + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-------+---- + | 0 | | zero | + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 + | 2 | 3 | two | 2 + | 2 | 3 | two | 4 + | 3 | 2 | three | -3 + | 4 | 1 | four | + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 5 | 0 | five | -5 + | 6 | 6 | six | + | 7 | 7 | seven | + | 8 | 8 | eight | + | | | null | + | | 0 | zero | + | | | | + | | | | 0 +(15 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (k = 1); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+---+--- +(0 rows) + +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL LEFT JOIN J2_TBL USING (i) WHERE (i = 1); + xxx | i | j | t | k +-----+---+---+-----+---- + | 1 | 4 | one | -1 +(1 row) + +-- +-- More complicated constructs +-- +-- UNION JOIN isn't implemented yet +SELECT '' AS "xxx", * + FROM J1_TBL UNION JOIN J2_TBL; +ERROR: UNION JOIN is not implemented +-- +-- Multiway full join +-- +CREATE TABLE t1 (name TEXT, n INTEGER); +CREATE TABLE t2 (name TEXT, n INTEGER); +CREATE TABLE t3 (name TEXT, n INTEGER); +INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ( 'aa', 11 ); +INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'aa', 12 ); +INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'bb', 22 ); +INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ( 'dd', 42 ); +INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'aa', 13 ); +INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'bb', 23 ); +INSERT INTO t3 VALUES ( 'cc', 33 ); +SELECT * FROM t1 FULL JOIN t2 USING (name) FULL JOIN t3 USING (name); + name | n | n | n +------+----+----+---- + aa | 11 | 12 | 13 + bb | | 22 | 23 + cc | | | 33 + dd | | 42 | +(4 rows) + +-- +-- Test interactions of join syntax and subqueries +-- +-- Basic cases (we expect planner to pull up the subquery here) +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2 +INNER JOIN +(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 +USING (name); + name | n | n +------+----+---- + aa | 12 | 13 + bb | 22 | 23 +(2 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2 +LEFT JOIN +(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 +USING (name); + name | n | n +------+----+---- + aa | 12 | 13 + bb | 22 | 23 + dd | 42 | +(3 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT * FROM t2) as s2 +FULL JOIN +(SELECT * FROM t3) s3 +USING (name); + name | n | n +------+----+---- + aa | 12 | 13 + bb | 22 | 23 + cc | | 33 + dd | 42 | +(4 rows) + +-- Cases with non-nullable expressions in subquery results; +-- make sure these go to null as expected +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 +NATURAL INNER JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3; + name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 +------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 + bb | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 +(2 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 +NATURAL LEFT JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3; + name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 +------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 + bb | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 + dd | 42 | 2 | | +(3 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 +NATURAL FULL JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3; + name | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 +------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 + bb | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 + cc | | | 33 | 3 + dd | 42 | 2 | | +(4 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1 +NATURAL INNER JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 +NATURAL INNER JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3; + name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 11 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 +(1 row) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s1_n, 1 as s1_1 FROM t1) as s1 +NATURAL FULL JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 +NATURAL FULL JOIN +(SELECT name, n as s3_n, 3 as s3_2 FROM t3) s3; + name | s1_n | s1_1 | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n | s3_2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 11 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 13 | 3 + bb | | | 22 | 2 | 23 | 3 + cc | | | | | 33 | 3 + dd | | | 42 | 2 | | +(4 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1 +NATURAL FULL JOIN + (SELECT * FROM + (SELECT name, n as s2_n FROM t2) as s2 + NATURAL FULL JOIN + (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3 + ) ss2; + name | s1_n | s2_n | s3_n +------+------+------+------ + aa | 11 | 12 | 13 + bb | | 22 | 23 + cc | | | 33 + dd | | 42 | +(4 rows) + +SELECT * FROM +(SELECT name, n as s1_n FROM t1) as s1 +NATURAL FULL JOIN + (SELECT * FROM + (SELECT name, n as s2_n, 2 as s2_2 FROM t2) as s2 + NATURAL FULL JOIN + (SELECT name, n as s3_n FROM t3) as s3 + ) ss2; + name | s1_n | s2_n | s2_2 | s3_n +------+------+------+------+------ + aa | 11 | 12 | 2 | 13 + bb | | 22 | 2 | 23 + cc | | | | 33 + dd | | 42 | 2 | +(4 rows) + +-- Test for propagation of nullability constraints into sub-joins +create temp table x (x1 int, x2 int); +insert into x values (1,11); +insert into x values (2,22); +insert into x values (3,null); +insert into x values (4,44); +insert into x values (5,null); +create temp table y (y1 int, y2 int); +insert into y values (1,111); +insert into y values (2,222); +insert into y values (3,333); +insert into y values (4,null); +select * from x; + x1 | x2 +----+---- + 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 + 3 | + 4 | 44 + 5 | +(5 rows) + +select * from y; + y1 | y2 +----+----- + 1 | 111 + 2 | 222 + 3 | 333 + 4 | +(4 rows) + +select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and x2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 +----+----+----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 + 3 | | | + 4 | 44 | 4 | + 5 | | | +(5 rows) + +select * from x left join y on (x1 = y1 and y2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 +----+----+----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 + 3 | | 3 | 333 + 4 | 44 | | + 5 | | | +(5 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 | + 4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44 + 5 | | | | 5 | +(5 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1 and x2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 3 | | 3 | 333 | | + 4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44 + 5 | | | | | +(5 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1 and y2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 | + 4 | 44 | 4 | | | + 5 | | | | | +(5 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1 and xx2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 3 | | 3 | 333 | | + 4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44 + 5 | | | | | +(5 rows) + +-- these should NOT give the same answers as above +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1) where (x2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44 +(3 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1) where (y2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 3 | | 3 | 333 | 3 | +(3 rows) + +select * from (x left join y on (x1 = y1)) left join x xx(xx1,xx2) +on (x1 = xx1) where (xx2 is not null); + x1 | x2 | y1 | y2 | xx1 | xx2 +----+----+----+-----+-----+----- + 1 | 11 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 11 + 2 | 22 | 2 | 222 | 2 | 22 + 4 | 44 | 4 | | 4 | 44 +(3 rows) + +-- +-- regression test: check for bug with propagation of implied equality +-- to outside an IN +-- +select count(*) from tenk1 a where unique1 in + (select unique1 from tenk1 b join tenk1 c using (unique1) + where b.unique2 = 42); + count +------- + 1 +(1 row) + +-- +-- Clean up +-- +DROP TABLE t1; +DROP TABLE t2; +DROP TABLE t3; +DROP TABLE J1_TBL; +DROP TABLE J2_TBL; diff --git a/src/test/regress/resultmap b/src/test/regress/resultmap index 313eca30e9f1701da2ccef7e69731bb8ef3b52bc..56db7f0a2cc6a9a94834943d80c2351bad2d1b4d 100644 --- a/src/test/regress/resultmap +++ b/src/test/regress/resultmap @@ -8,3 +8,5 @@ float8/i.86-pc-mingw32=float8-exp-three-digits-win32 float8/i.86-pc-cygwin=float8-small-is-zero int8/.*-qnx=int8-exp-three-digits int8/i.86-pc-mingw32=int8-exp-three-digits-win32 +join/i.86-pc-mingw32=join-win32 +