diff --git a/contrib/pg_upgrade/option.c b/contrib/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 3ab1b5cc704ca8da3b1bb77003c9f7f6d485deb3..9892b9764df24d7406313b514863692fa4ddfc44 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"new-datadir", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
 		{"old-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
 		{"new-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'B'},
+		{"old-options", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
+		{"new-options", required_argument, NULL, 'O'},
 		{"old-port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
 		{"new-port", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	getcwd(os_info.cwd, MAXPGPATH);
 
-	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:D:b:B:cgG:kl:p:P:u:v",
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:D:b:B:cgG:kl:o:O:p:P:u:v",
 								 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
 	{
 		switch (option)
@@ -141,6 +143,19 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				log_opts.filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 'o':
+				old_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			case 'O':
+				new_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
+			/*
+			 * Someday, the port number option could be removed and
+			 * passed using -o/-O, but that requires postmaster -C
+			 * to be supported on all old/new versions.
+			 */
 			case 'p':
 				if ((old_cluster.port = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
 				{
@@ -242,6 +257,8 @@ Options:\n\
   -G, --debugfile=FILENAME      output debugging activity to file\n\
   -k, --link                    link instead of copying files to new cluster\n\
   -l, --logfile=FILENAME        log session activity to file\n\
+  -o, --old-options=OPTIONS     old cluster options to pass to the server\n\
+  -O, --new-options=OPTIONS     new cluster options to pass to the server\n\
   -p, --old-port=OLDPORT        old cluster port number (default %d)\n\
   -P, --new-port=NEWPORT        new cluster port number (default %d)\n\
   -u, --user=NAME               clusters superuser (default \"%s\")\n\
diff --git a/contrib/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/contrib/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 0fb16ed7646f16335d7cc3faad88487e166d615a..b7e4ea5127ffe98813b56bfd5f9f194d1a736004 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/contrib/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ typedef struct
 	char	   *pgdata;			/* pathname for cluster's $PGDATA directory */
 	char	   *pgconfig;		/* pathname for cluster's config file directory */
 	char	   *bindir;			/* pathname for cluster's executable directory */
+	char	   *pgopts;			/* options to pass to the server, like pg_ctl -o */
 	unsigned short port;		/* port number where postmaster is waiting */
 	uint32		major_version;	/* PG_VERSION of cluster */
 	char		major_version_str[64];	/* string PG_VERSION of cluster */
diff --git a/contrib/pg_upgrade/server.c b/contrib/pg_upgrade/server.c
index d512ef3d4fe977e8950dc5a3779ec3d4bea33d2b..9c4f2d6fc3fd6858bca5fcd805c676cafde94e68 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_upgrade/server.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_upgrade/server.c
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ start_postmaster(ClusterInfo *cluster)
 	 */
 	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
 			 SYSTEMQUOTE "\"%s/pg_ctl\" -w -l \"%s\" -D \"%s\" "
-			 "-o \"-p %d %s\" start >> \"%s\" 2>&1" SYSTEMQUOTE,
+			 "-o \"-p %d %s %s\" start >> \"%s\" 2>&1" SYSTEMQUOTE,
 			 cluster->bindir, log_opts.filename2, cluster->pgconfig, cluster->port,
 			 (cluster->controldata.cat_ver >=
 			  BINARY_UPGRADE_SERVER_FLAG_CAT_VER) ? "-b" :
 			 "-c autovacuum=off -c autovacuum_freeze_max_age=2000000000",
-			 log_opts.filename2);
+			 cluster->pgopts ? cluster->pgopts : "", log_opts.filename2);
 
 	/*
 	 * Don't throw an error right away, let connecting throw the error because
@@ -207,27 +207,21 @@ void
 stop_postmaster(bool fast)
 {
 	char		cmd[MAXPGPATH];
-	const char *bindir;
-	const char *configdir;
+	ClusterInfo *cluster;
 
 	if (os_info.running_cluster == &old_cluster)
-	{
-		bindir = old_cluster.bindir;
-		configdir = old_cluster.pgconfig;
-	}
+		cluster = &old_cluster;
 	else if (os_info.running_cluster == &new_cluster)
-	{
-		bindir = new_cluster.bindir;
-		configdir = new_cluster.pgconfig;
-	}
+		cluster = &new_cluster;
 	else
-		return;					/* no cluster running */
+		return;		/* no cluster running */
 
 	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd),
-			 SYSTEMQUOTE "\"%s/pg_ctl\" -w -l \"%s\" -D \"%s\" %s stop >> "
-			 "\"%s\" 2>&1" SYSTEMQUOTE,
-			 bindir, log_opts.filename2, configdir, fast ? "-m fast" : "",
-			 log_opts.filename2);
+			 SYSTEMQUOTE "\"%s/pg_ctl\" -w -l \"%s\" -D \"%s\" -o \"%s\" "
+			 "%s stop >> \"%s\" 2>&1" SYSTEMQUOTE,
+			 cluster->bindir, log_opts.filename2, cluster->pgconfig,
+			 cluster->pgopts ? cluster->pgopts : "",
+			fast ? "-m fast" : "", log_opts.filename2);
 
 	exec_prog(fast ? false : true, "%s", cmd);
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/pgupgrade.sgml
index 0d084243a86d22c9ab9319537b59bfa435885c78..460d06b6e031f748c2396cf0be3cb3723e0c5dfc 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -114,6 +114,20 @@
       <listitem><para>log session activity to file</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>-o</option> <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></term>
+      <term><option>--old-options</option> <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></term>
+      <listitem><para>options to be passed directly to the
+      old <command>postgres</command> command</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>-O</option> <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></term>
+      <term><option>--new-options</option> <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></term>
+      <listitem><para>options to be passed directly to the
+      new <command>postgres</command> command</para></listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-p</option> <replaceable>old_port_number</></term>
       <term><option>--old-port=</option><replaceable>old_portnum</></term>
@@ -559,6 +573,14 @@ psql --username postgres --file script.sql postgres
    insert dummy data, and upgrade that.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+   If you are upgrading a pre-<productname>PostgreSQL</> 9.2 cluster
+   that uses a configuration-file-only directory, you must pass the
+   real data directory location to <application>pg_upgrade</>, and
+   pass the configuration directory location to the server, e.g.
+   <literal>-d /real-data-directory -o '-D /configuration-directory'</>.
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    If you want to use link mode and you don't want your old cluster
    to be modified when the new cluster is started, make a copy of the