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numutils.c

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  • async.c 25.56 KiB
    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     *
     * async.c
     *	  Asynchronous notification: NOTIFY, LISTEN, UNLISTEN
     *
     * Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
     *
     * IDENTIFICATION
     *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/commands/async.c,v 1.44 1999/02/13 23:15:00 momjian Exp $
     *
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    
    /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     * New Async Notification Model:
     * 1. Multiple backends on same machine.  Multiple backends listening on
     *	  one relation.  (Note: "listening on a relation" is not really the
     *	  right way to think about it, since the notify names need not have
     *	  anything to do with the names of relations actually in the database.
     *	  But this terminology is all over the code and docs, and I don't feel
     *	  like trying to replace it.)
     *
     * 2. There is a tuple in relation "pg_listener" for each active LISTEN,
     *	  ie, each relname/listenerPID pair.  The "notification" field of the
     *	  tuple is zero when no NOTIFY is pending for that listener, or the PID
     *	  of the originating backend when a cross-backend NOTIFY is pending.
     *	  (We skip writing to pg_listener when doing a self-NOTIFY, so the
     *	  notification field should never be equal to the listenerPID field.)
     *
     * 3. The NOTIFY statement itself (routine Async_Notify) just adds the target
     *	  relname to a list of outstanding NOTIFY requests.  Actual processing
     *	  happens if and only if we reach transaction commit.  At that time (in
     *	  routine AtCommit_Notify) we scan pg_listener for matching relnames.
     *    If the listenerPID in a matching tuple is ours, we just send a notify
     *	  message to our own front end.  If it is not ours, and "notification"
     *	  is not already nonzero, we set notification to our own PID and send a
     *	  SIGUSR2 signal to the receiving process (indicated by listenerPID).
     *	  BTW: if the signal operation fails, we presume that the listener backend
     *    crashed without removing this tuple, and remove the tuple for it.
     *
     * 4. Upon receipt of a SIGUSR2 signal, the signal handler can call inbound-
     *	  notify processing immediately if this backend is idle (ie, it is
     *	  waiting for a frontend command and is not within a transaction block).
     *    Otherwise the handler may only set a flag, which will cause the
     *	  processing to occur just before we next go idle.
     *
     * 5. Inbound-notify processing consists of scanning pg_listener for tuples
     *	  matching our own listenerPID and having nonzero notification fields.
     *	  For each such tuple, we send a message to our frontend and clear the
     *	  notification field.  BTW: this routine has to start/commit its own
     *	  transaction, since by assumption it is only called from outside any
     *	  transaction.
     *
     * Note that the system's use of pg_listener is confined to very short
     * intervals at the end of a transaction that contains NOTIFY statements,
     * or during the transaction caused by an inbound SIGUSR2.  So the fact that
     * pg_listener is a global resource shouldn't cause too much performance
     * problem.  But application authors ought to be discouraged from doing
     * LISTEN or UNLISTEN near the start of a long transaction --- that would
     * result in holding the pg_listener write lock for a long time, possibly
     * blocking unrelated activity.  It could even lead to deadlock against another
     * transaction that touches the same user tables and then tries to NOTIFY.
     * Probably best to do LISTEN or UNLISTEN outside of transaction blocks.
     *
     * An application that listens on the same relname it notifies will get
     * NOTIFY messages for its own NOTIFYs.  These can be ignored, if not useful,
     * by comparing be_pid in the NOTIFY message to the application's own backend's
     * PID.  (As of FE/BE protocol 2.0, the backend's PID is provided to the
     * frontend during startup.)  The above design guarantees that notifies from
     * other backends will never be missed by ignoring self-notifies.  Note,
     * however, that we do *not* guarantee that a separate frontend message will
     * be sent for every outside NOTIFY.  Since there is only room for one
     * originating PID in pg_listener, outside notifies occurring at about the
     * same time may be collapsed into a single message bearing the PID of the
     * first outside backend to perform the NOTIFY.
     *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <signal.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <sys/types.h>			/* Needed by in.h on Ultrix */
    #include <netinet/in.h>
    
    #include "postgres.h"
    
    #include "commands/async.h"
    #include "access/heapam.h"
    #include "access/relscan.h"
    #include "access/xact.h"
    #include "catalog/catname.h"
    #include "catalog/pg_listener.h"
    #include "fmgr.h"
    #include "lib/dllist.h"
    #include "libpq/libpq.h"
    #include "miscadmin.h"
    #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
    #include "storage/lmgr.h"
    #include "tcop/dest.h"
    #include "utils/syscache.h"
    #include <utils/trace.h>
    #include <utils/ps_status.h>
    
    /* stuff that we really ought not be touching directly :-( */
    extern TransactionState CurrentTransactionState;
    extern CommandDest whereToSendOutput;
    
    /*
     * State for outbound notifies consists of a list of all relnames NOTIFYed
     * in the current transaction.  We do not actually perform a NOTIFY until
     * and unless the transaction commits.  pendingNotifies is NULL if no
     * NOTIFYs have been done in the current transaction.
     */
    static Dllist *pendingNotifies = NULL;
    
    /*
     * State for inbound notifies consists of two flags: one saying whether
     * the signal handler is currently allowed to call ProcessIncomingNotify
     * directly, and one saying whether the signal has occurred but the handler
     * was not allowed to call ProcessIncomingNotify at the time.
     *
     * NB: the "volatile" on these declarations is critical!  If your compiler
     * does not grok "volatile", you'd be best advised to compile this file
     * with all optimization turned off.
     */
    static volatile int	notifyInterruptEnabled = 0;
    static volatile int	notifyInterruptOccurred = 0;
    
    /* True if we've registered an on_shmem_exit cleanup (or at least tried to). */
    static int	unlistenExitRegistered = 0;
    
    
    static void Async_UnlistenAll(void);
    static void Async_UnlistenOnExit(void);
    static void ProcessIncomingNotify(void);
    static void NotifyMyFrontEnd(char *relname, int32 listenerPID);
    static int	AsyncExistsPendingNotify(char *relname);
    static void ClearPendingNotifies(void);
    
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_Notify 
     *
     *		This is executed by the SQL notify command.
     *
     *		Adds the relation to the list of pending notifies.
     *		Actual notification happens during transaction commit.
     *		^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    void
    Async_Notify(char *relname)
    {
    	char	   *notifyName;
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "Async_Notify: %s", relname);
    
    	/*
    	 * We allocate list memory from the global malloc pool to ensure that
    	 * it will live until we want to use it.  This is probably not necessary
    	 * any longer, since we will use it before the end of the transaction.
    	 * DLList only knows how to use malloc() anyway, but we could probably
    	 * palloc() the strings...
    	 */
    	if (!pendingNotifies)
    		pendingNotifies = DLNewList();
    	notifyName = strdup(relname);
    	DLAddHead(pendingNotifies, DLNewElem(notifyName));
    	/*
    	 * NOTE: we could check to see if pendingNotifies already has an entry
    	 * for relname, and thus avoid making duplicate entries.  However, most
    	 * apps probably don't notify the same name multiple times per transaction,
    	 * so we'd likely just be wasting cycles to make such a check.
    	 * AsyncExistsPendingNotify() doesn't really care whether the list
    	 * contains duplicates...
    	 */
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_Listen 
     *
     *		This is executed by the SQL listen command.
     *
     *		Register a backend (identified by its Unix PID) as listening
     *		on the specified relation.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		pg_listener is updated.
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    void
    Async_Listen(char *relname, int pid)
    {
    	Relation	lRel;
    	TupleDesc	tdesc;
    	HeapScanDesc scan;
    	HeapTuple	tuple,
    				newtup;
    	Datum		values[Natts_pg_listener];
    	char		nulls[Natts_pg_listener];
    	Datum		d;
    	int			i;
    	bool		isnull;
    	int			alreadyListener = 0;
    	TupleDesc	tupDesc;
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "Async_Listen: %s", relname);
    
    	lRel = heap_openr(ListenerRelationName);
    	LockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	tdesc = RelationGetDescr(lRel);
    
    	/* Detect whether we are already listening on this relname */
    	scan = heap_beginscan(lRel, 0, SnapshotNow, 0, (ScanKey) NULL);
    	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tuple = heap_getnext(scan, 0)))
    	{
    		d = heap_getattr(tuple, Anum_pg_listener_relname, tdesc, &isnull);
    		if (!strncmp((char *) DatumGetPointer(d), relname, NAMEDATALEN))
    		{
    			d = heap_getattr(tuple, Anum_pg_listener_pid, tdesc, &isnull);
    			if (DatumGetInt32(d) == pid)
    			{
    				alreadyListener = 1;
    				/* No need to scan the rest of the table */
    				break;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	heap_endscan(scan);
    
    	if (alreadyListener)
    	{
    		elog(NOTICE, "Async_Listen: We are already listening on %s", relname);
    		UnlockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    		heap_close(lRel);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * OK to insert a new tuple
    	 */
    
    	for (i = 0; i < Natts_pg_listener; i++)
    	{
    		nulls[i] = ' ';
    		values[i] = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
    	}
    
    	i = 0;
    	values[i++] = (Datum) relname;
    	values[i++] = (Datum) pid;
    	values[i++] = (Datum) 0;	/* no notifies pending */
    
    	tupDesc = lRel->rd_att;
    	newtup = heap_formtuple(tupDesc, values, nulls);
    	heap_insert(lRel, newtup);
    	pfree(newtup);
    
    	UnlockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	heap_close(lRel);
    
    	/*
    	 * now that we are listening, make sure we will unlisten before dying.
    	 */
    	if (! unlistenExitRegistered)
    	{
    		if (on_shmem_exit(Async_UnlistenOnExit, (caddr_t) NULL) < 0)
    			elog(NOTICE, "Async_Listen: out of shmem_exit slots");
    		unlistenExitRegistered = 1;
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_Unlisten 
     *
     *		This is executed by the SQL unlisten command.
     *
     *		Remove the backend from the list of listening backends
     *		for the specified relation.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		pg_listener is updated.
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    void
    Async_Unlisten(char *relname, int pid)
    {
    	Relation	lRel;
    	HeapTuple	lTuple;
    
    	/* Handle specially the `unlisten "*"' command */
    	if ((!relname) || (*relname == '\0') || (strcmp(relname, "*") == 0))
    	{
    		Async_UnlistenAll();
    		return;
    	}
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "Async_Unlisten %s", relname);
    
    	/* Note we assume there can be only one matching tuple. */
    	lTuple = SearchSysCacheTuple(LISTENREL, PointerGetDatum(relname),
    								 Int32GetDatum(pid),
    								 0, 0);
    	if (lTuple != NULL)
    	{
    		lRel = heap_openr(ListenerRelationName);
    		LockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    		heap_delete(lRel, &lTuple->t_self, NULL);
    		UnlockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    		heap_close(lRel);
    	}
    	/* We do not complain about unlistening something not being listened;
    	 * should we?
    	 */
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_UnlistenAll 
     *
     *		Unlisten all relations for this backend.
     *
     *		This is invoked by UNLISTEN "*" command, and also at backend exit.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		pg_listener is updated.
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    static void
    Async_UnlistenAll()
    {
    	Relation	lRel;
    	TupleDesc	tdesc;
    	HeapScanDesc sRel;
    	HeapTuple	lTuple;
    	ScanKeyData key[1];
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "Async_UnlistenAll");
    
    	lRel = heap_openr(ListenerRelationName);
    	LockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	tdesc = RelationGetDescr(lRel);
    
    	/* Find and delete all entries with my listenerPID */
    	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key[0], 0,
    						   Anum_pg_listener_pid,
    						   F_INT4EQ,
    						   Int32GetDatum(MyProcPid));
    	sRel = heap_beginscan(lRel, 0, SnapshotNow, 1, key);
    
    	while (HeapTupleIsValid(lTuple = heap_getnext(sRel, 0)))
    		heap_delete(lRel, &lTuple->t_self, NULL);
    
    	heap_endscan(sRel);
    	UnlockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	heap_close(lRel);
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_UnlistenOnExit 
     *
     *		Clean up the pg_listener table at backend exit.
     *
     *		This is executed if we have done any LISTENs in this backend.
     *		It might not be necessary anymore, if the user UNLISTENed everything,
     *		but we don't try to detect that case.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		pg_listener is updated if necessary.
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    static void
    Async_UnlistenOnExit()
    {
    	/*
    	 * We need to start/commit a transaction for the unlisten,
    	 * but if there is already an active transaction we had better
    	 * abort that one first.  Otherwise we'd end up committing changes
    	 * that probably ought to be discarded.
    	 */
    	AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
    	/* Now we can do the unlisten */
    	StartTransactionCommand();
    	Async_UnlistenAll();
    	CommitTransactionCommand();
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * AtCommit_Notify 
     *
     *		This is called at transaction commit.
     *
     *		If there are outbound notify requests in the pendingNotifies list,
     *		scan pg_listener for matching tuples, and either signal the other
     *		backend or send a message to our own frontend.
     *
     *		NOTE: we are still inside the current transaction, therefore can
     *		piggyback on its committing of changes.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		Tuples in pg_listener that have matching relnames and other peoples'
     *		listenerPIDs are updated with a nonzero notification field.
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    void
    AtCommit_Notify()
    {
    	Relation	lRel;
    	TupleDesc	tdesc;
    	HeapScanDesc sRel;
    	HeapTuple	lTuple,
    				rTuple;
    	Datum		d,
    				value[Natts_pg_listener];
    	char		repl[Natts_pg_listener],
    				nulls[Natts_pg_listener];
    	bool		isnull;
    	char	   *relname;
    	int32		listenerPID;
    
    	if (!pendingNotifies)
    		return;					/* no NOTIFY statements in this transaction */
    
    	/* NOTIFY is disabled if not normal processing mode.
    	 * This test used to be in xact.c, but it seems cleaner to do it here.
    	 */
    	if (! IsNormalProcessingMode())
    	{
    		ClearPendingNotifies();
    		return;
    	}
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "AtCommit_Notify");
    
    	lRel = heap_openr(ListenerRelationName);
    	LockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	tdesc = RelationGetDescr(lRel);
    	sRel = heap_beginscan(lRel, 0, SnapshotNow, 0, (ScanKey) NULL);
    
    	/* preset data to update notify column to MyProcPid */
    	nulls[0] = nulls[1] = nulls[2] = ' ';
    	repl[0] = repl[1] = repl[2] = ' ';
    	repl[Anum_pg_listener_notify - 1] = 'r';
    	value[0] = value[1] = value[2] = (Datum) 0;
    	value[Anum_pg_listener_notify - 1] = Int32GetDatum(MyProcPid);
    
    	while (HeapTupleIsValid(lTuple = heap_getnext(sRel, 0)))
    	{
    		d = heap_getattr(lTuple, Anum_pg_listener_relname, tdesc, &isnull);
    		relname = (char *) DatumGetPointer(d);
    
    		if (AsyncExistsPendingNotify(relname))
    		{
    			d = heap_getattr(lTuple, Anum_pg_listener_pid, tdesc, &isnull);
    			listenerPID = DatumGetInt32(d);
    
    			if (listenerPID == MyProcPid)
    			{
    				/* Self-notify: no need to bother with table update.
    				 * Indeed, we *must not* clear the notification field in
    				 * this path, or we could lose an outside notify, which'd be
    				 * bad for applications that ignore self-notify messages.
    				 */
    				TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "AtCommit_Notify: notifying self");
    				NotifyMyFrontEnd(relname, listenerPID);
    			}
    			else
    			{
    				TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "AtCommit_Notify: notifying pid %d",
    						listenerPID);
    				/*
    				 * If someone has already notified this listener,
    				 * we don't bother modifying the table, but we do still send
    				 * a SIGUSR2 signal, just in case that backend missed the
    				 * earlier signal for some reason.  It's OK to send the signal
    				 * first, because the other guy can't read pg_listener until
    				 * we unlock it.
    				 */
    #ifdef HAVE_KILL
    				if (kill(listenerPID, SIGUSR2) < 0)
    				{
    					/* Get rid of pg_listener entry if it refers to a PID
    					 * that no longer exists.  Presumably, that backend
    					 * crashed without deleting its pg_listener entries.
    					 * This code used to only delete the entry if errno==ESRCH,
    					 * but as far as I can see we should just do it for any
    					 * failure (certainly at least for EPERM too...)
    					 */
    					heap_delete(lRel, &lTuple->t_self, NULL);
    				}
    				else
    #endif
    				{
    					d = heap_getattr(lTuple, Anum_pg_listener_notify,
    									 tdesc, &isnull);
    					if (DatumGetInt32(d) == 0)
    					{
    						rTuple = heap_modifytuple(lTuple, lRel,
    												  value, nulls, repl);
    						heap_replace(lRel, &lTuple->t_self, rTuple, NULL);
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	heap_endscan(sRel);
    	/*
    	 * We do not do RelationUnsetLockForWrite(lRel) here, because the
    	 * transaction is about to be committed anyway.
    	 */
    	heap_close(lRel);
    
    	ClearPendingNotifies();
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "AtCommit_Notify: done");
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * AtAbort_Notify 
     *
     *		This is called at transaction abort.
     *
     *		Gets rid of pending outbound notifies that we would have executed
     *		if the transaction got committed.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    void
    AtAbort_Notify()
    {
    	ClearPendingNotifies();
    }
    
    /*
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     * Async_NotifyHandler 
     *
     *		This is the signal handler for SIGUSR2.
     *
     *		If we are idle (notifyInterruptEnabled is set), we can safely invoke
     *		ProcessIncomingNotify directly.  Otherwise, just set a flag
     *		to do it later.
     *
     * Results:
     *		none
     *
     * Side effects:
     *		per above
     *--------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    
    void
    Async_NotifyHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
    {
    	/*
    	 * Note: this is a SIGNAL HANDLER.  You must be very wary what you do here.
    	 * Some helpful soul had this routine sprinkled with TPRINTFs, which would
    	 * likely lead to corruption of stdio buffers if they were ever turned on.
    	 */
    
    	if (notifyInterruptEnabled)
    	{
    		/* I'm not sure whether some flavors of Unix might allow another
    		 * SIGUSR2 occurrence to recursively interrupt this routine.
    		 * To cope with the possibility, we do the same sort of dance that
    		 * EnableNotifyInterrupt must do --- see that routine for comments.
    		 */
    		notifyInterruptEnabled = 0;		/* disable any recursive signal */
    		notifyInterruptOccurred = 1;	/* do at least one iteration */
    		for (;;)
    		{
    			notifyInterruptEnabled = 1;
    			if (! notifyInterruptOccurred)
    				break;
    			notifyInterruptEnabled = 0;
    			if (notifyInterruptOccurred)
    			{
    				/* Here, it is finally safe to do stuff. */
    				TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY,
    						"Async_NotifyHandler: perform async notify");
    				ProcessIncomingNotify();
    				TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "Async_NotifyHandler: done");
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		/* In this path it is NOT SAFE to do much of anything, except this: */
    		notifyInterruptOccurred = 1;
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     * EnableNotifyInterrupt 
     *
     *		This is called by the PostgresMain main loop just before waiting
     *		for a frontend command.  If we are truly idle (ie, *not* inside
     *		a transaction block), then process any pending inbound notifies,
     *		and enable the signal handler to process future notifies directly.
     *
     *		NOTE: the signal handler starts out disabled, and stays so until
     *		PostgresMain calls this the first time.
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    
    void
    EnableNotifyInterrupt(void)
    {
    	if (CurrentTransactionState->blockState != TRANS_DEFAULT)
    		return;					/* not really idle */
    
    	/*
    	 * This code is tricky because we are communicating with a signal
    	 * handler that could interrupt us at any point.  If we just checked
    	 * notifyInterruptOccurred and then set notifyInterruptEnabled, we
    	 * could fail to respond promptly to a signal that happens in between
    	 * those two steps.  (A very small time window, perhaps, but Murphy's
    	 * Law says you can hit it...)  Instead, we first set the enable flag,
    	 * then test the occurred flag.  If we see an unserviced interrupt
    	 * has occurred, we re-clear the enable flag before going off to do
    	 * the service work.  (That prevents re-entrant invocation of
    	 * ProcessIncomingNotify() if another interrupt occurs.)
    	 * If an interrupt comes in between the setting and clearing of
    	 * notifyInterruptEnabled, then it will have done the service
    	 * work and left notifyInterruptOccurred zero, so we have to check
    	 * again after clearing enable.  The whole thing has to be in a loop
    	 * in case another interrupt occurs while we're servicing the first.
    	 * Once we get out of the loop, enable is set and we know there is no
    	 * unserviced interrupt.
    	 *
    	 * NB: an overenthusiastic optimizing compiler could easily break this
    	 * code.  Hopefully, they all understand what "volatile" means these days.
    	 */
    	for (;;)
    	{
    		notifyInterruptEnabled = 1;
    		if (! notifyInterruptOccurred)
    			break;
    		notifyInterruptEnabled = 0;
    		if (notifyInterruptOccurred)
    		{
    			TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY,
    					"EnableNotifyInterrupt: perform async notify");
    			ProcessIncomingNotify();
    			TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "EnableNotifyInterrupt: done");
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     * DisableNotifyInterrupt 
     *
     *		This is called by the PostgresMain main loop just after receiving
     *		a frontend command.  Signal handler execution of inbound notifies
     *		is disabled until the next EnableNotifyInterrupt call.
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    
    void
    DisableNotifyInterrupt(void)
    {
    	notifyInterruptEnabled = 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     * ProcessIncomingNotify 
     *
     *		Deal with arriving NOTIFYs from other backends.
     *		This is called either directly from the SIGUSR2 signal handler,
     *		or the next time control reaches the outer idle loop.
     *		Scan pg_listener for arriving notifies, report them to my front end,
     *		and clear the notification field in pg_listener until next time.
     *
     *		NOTE: since we are outside any transaction, we must create our own.
     *
     * Results:
     *		XXX
     *
     * --------------------------------------------------------------
     */
    static void
    ProcessIncomingNotify(void)
    {
    	Relation	lRel;
    	TupleDesc	tdesc;
    	ScanKeyData key[1];
    	HeapScanDesc sRel;
    	HeapTuple	lTuple,
    				rTuple;
    	Datum		d,
    				value[Natts_pg_listener];
    	char		repl[Natts_pg_listener],
    				nulls[Natts_pg_listener];
    	bool		isnull;
    	char	   *relname;
    	int32		sourcePID;
    
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "ProcessIncomingNotify");
    	PS_SET_STATUS("async_notify");
    
    	notifyInterruptOccurred = 0;
    
    	StartTransactionCommand();
    
    	lRel = heap_openr(ListenerRelationName);
    	LockRelation(lRel, AccessExclusiveLock);
    	tdesc = RelationGetDescr(lRel);
    
    	/* Scan only entries with my listenerPID */
    	ScanKeyEntryInitialize(&key[0], 0,
    						   Anum_pg_listener_pid,
    						   F_INT4EQ,
    						   Int32GetDatum(MyProcPid));
    	sRel = heap_beginscan(lRel, 0, SnapshotNow, 1, key);
    
    	/* Prepare data for rewriting 0 into notification field */
    	nulls[0] = nulls[1] = nulls[2] = ' ';
    	repl[0] = repl[1] = repl[2] = ' ';
    	repl[Anum_pg_listener_notify - 1] = 'r';
    	value[0] = value[1] = value[2] = (Datum) 0;
    	value[Anum_pg_listener_notify - 1] = Int32GetDatum(0);
    
    	while (HeapTupleIsValid(lTuple = heap_getnext(sRel, 0)))
    	{
    		d = heap_getattr(lTuple, Anum_pg_listener_notify, tdesc, &isnull);
    		sourcePID = DatumGetInt32(d);
    		if (sourcePID != 0)
    		{
    			d = heap_getattr(lTuple, Anum_pg_listener_relname, tdesc, &isnull);
    			relname = (char *) DatumGetPointer(d);
    			/* Notify the frontend */
    			TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "ProcessIncomingNotify: received %s from %d",
    					relname, (int) sourcePID);
    			NotifyMyFrontEnd(relname, sourcePID);
    			/* Rewrite the tuple with 0 in notification column */
    			rTuple = heap_modifytuple(lTuple, lRel, value, nulls, repl);
    			heap_replace(lRel, &lTuple->t_self, rTuple, NULL);
    		}
    	}
    	heap_endscan(sRel);
    	/*
    	 * We do not do RelationUnsetLockForWrite(lRel) here, because the
    	 * transaction is about to be committed anyway.
    	 */
    	heap_close(lRel);
    
    	CommitTransactionCommand();
    
    	/* Must flush the notify messages to ensure frontend gets them promptly. */
    	pq_flush();
    
    	PS_SET_STATUS("idle");
    	TPRINTF(TRACE_NOTIFY, "ProcessIncomingNotify: done");
    }
    
    /* Send NOTIFY message to my front end. */
    
    static void
    NotifyMyFrontEnd(char *relname, int32 listenerPID)
    {
    	if (whereToSendOutput == Remote)
    	{
    		pq_putnchar("A", 1);
    		pq_putint(listenerPID, sizeof(int32));
    		pq_putstr(relname);
    		/* NOTE: we do not do pq_flush() here.  For a self-notify, it will
    		 * happen at the end of the transaction, and for incoming notifies
    		 * ProcessIncomingNotify will do it after finding all the notifies.
    		 */
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		elog(NOTICE, "NOTIFY for %s", relname);
    	}
    }
    
    /* Does pendingNotifies include the given relname?
     *
     * NB: not called unless pendingNotifies != NULL.
     */
    
    static int
    AsyncExistsPendingNotify(char *relname)
    {
    	Dlelem	   *p;
    
    	for (p = DLGetHead(pendingNotifies);
    		 p != NULL;
    		 p = DLGetSucc(p))
    	{
    		/* Use NAMEDATALEN for relname comparison.	  DZ - 26-08-1996 */
    		if (!strncmp((const char *) DLE_VAL(p), relname, NAMEDATALEN))
    			return 1;
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* Clear the pendingNotifies list. */
    
    static void
    ClearPendingNotifies()
    {
    	Dlelem	   *p;
    
    	if (pendingNotifies)
    	{
    		/* Since the referenced strings are malloc'd, we have to scan the
    		 * list and delete them individually.  If we used palloc for the
    		 * strings then we could just do DLFreeList to get rid of both
    		 * the list nodes and the list base...
    		 */
    		while ((p = DLRemHead(pendingNotifies)) != NULL)
    		{
    			free(DLE_VAL(p));
    			DLFreeElem(p);
    		}
    		DLFreeList(pendingNotifies);
    		pendingNotifies = NULL;
    	}
    }